Several factors can influence these reactions, including dosage, individual sensitivity, the quality of CBD, and pre-existing health conditions. These reactions might stem from CBD itself or from other ingredients in the gummies, such as gelatin, flavorings, or colorings. Uncommon but Possible Side Effects While most people tolerate CBD well, some might experience less common side effects such as dry mouth, low blood pressure, or mood changes. These effects can be disruptive, especially for individuals who need to maintain high levels of alertness throughout the day. Reviewer response for version 1 Although CBD is generally considered safe, the specific effects of continuous, daily intake through gummies are not as extensively studied. One of the primary concerns surrounding daily consumption of CBD gummies relates to their long-term impact on health. While these gummies have been celebrated for their convenience and potential wellness advantages, understanding their full impact is essential for informed use. With growing acceptance of both medical and recreational cannabis and cannabinoids, further research is required to determine the efficacy, safety, and acceptability of medical and recreational cannabis use among people with CKD and ESRD. Consistent with recommendations regarding the use of tobacco and other smoked substances among patients with CKD and ESRD, smoked cannabis should be avoided among people with cardiovascular or pulmonary disease. A direct comparison of CBD and THC effects revealed significantly reduced activity after THC in the right superior and middle temporal gyrus during processing of speech.Many also use products containing full-spectrum hemp extract, rather than purified CBD, which contains not only CBD but other cannabinoids, terpenes, and various hemp compounds.However, the efficacy of CBD as a sole treatment for most of the other indications discussed in this review remains unclear due to various reasons.Further, among patients who understood the labels, only a minority could correctly demonstrate how to take the medication.An interaction between age and cannabis use would indicate that the association of cannabis use and sleep outcomes differs by age (a moderating effect).With CBD gummies, you just choose how many gummies to consume and easily know how much CBD you’re consuming. Boggs et al (2018) assessed the effects of CBD (600 mg/day for 6 weeks) as an adjunctive treatment in chronic schizophrenia patients, for a period of 6 weeks. Two individually randomized parallel-group trials evaluated the effect of CBD on subjective anxiety on patients with SAD or healthy subjects 18, 19 during simulated public speaking. Among the studies providing data on anxiety, there were only two restricted analyses to patients with anxiety disorders and another to non-clinic paranoia patients. The clinical studies on the effects of CBD date back to the 80s but recently the number of studies and registered trials evaluating the effectiveness of this compound has risen exponentially. There was evidence to support single dose positive effect on social anxiety disorder, short medium-term effects on symptomatic improvement in schizophrenia and lack of effect in the short medium-term on cognitive functioning in psychotic disorders. This article is a systematic review of literature reviewing the available clinical data on CBD, for use in various medical and psychiatric conditions with focus on a review of the pharmacology and toxicity.In our study, we saw no evidence of a safety issue that would limit future studies.The researchers found that these compounds found in marijuana smoke does inhibit the CYP2C9 metabolism of R- and S-warfarin.20 Mentioned previously, Jiang et al15 found that major metabolites of CBD undergo hydroxylation by CYP3A4 and CYP2C19, which would potentially change R-warfarin metabolism and lead to an increased bleeding risk.CBD was well tolerated, with few patients reporting side effects.They used the case-crossover study design to compare the reported consumption of cannabis in the hour preceding symptoms of MI onset to its expected frequency using self-matched control data.Current research suggests that CBD may offer therapeutic advantages for conditions such as anxiety and depression; however, the findings thus far remain preliminary.Our products contain less than 0.3% THC and are legal in all 50 states Clinical decision-making considerations in the older adult would be to reduce the dose of CBD and lengthen the time between repeated doses (Landmark & Brandi, 2020). When there are compounds of THC/CBD unwanted CNS effects can occur such as dizziness, insomnia, confusion, hallucinations (Velayudhan et al., 2021; Johnson et al., 2013; Portenoy et al., 2012). This could put older adults at risk for falls, sedation, and other central nervous system (CNS) effects. These aspects will highlight the importance of critically evaluating the risk and benefits of CBD in older adults. Furthermore, older adults may be prescribed multiple medications so drug to drug interactions are reviewed. There have been various side effects reported in association with regular consumption of CBD gummies, focusing primarily on the negative side effects of CBD gummies. The varying potency and formulation of CBD gummies further complicate these concerns, as different products may have different effects. Users and health professionals have raised questions about the potential side effects of regular CBD gummy use. As the use of CBD gummies for health and wellness purposes grows, it’s essential to address the negative side effects of CBD gummies, particularly when they are consumed daily. Interestingly, CBD inhibits FAAH to potentially increase levels of endocannabinoids, which in turn act on endocannabinoid receptors . This receptor may potentiate actions such as regulation of inflammation, pain, neurological function, cancer cell proliferation, as well as gastrointestinal motility , , . Interestingly, CB1 receptors are found in the enteric nervous system, specifically in the myenteric plexus, which controls intestinal motility and is the focus of several studies of IBS 37,38. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) includes endocannabinoid receptors, endogenous ligands (eg, anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol), and downstream metabolic products. The diagnosis of CUD is guided by the patient’s cannabis use, signs and symptoms and functional impairment per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria.36 Properties of cannabinoids that might be of therapeutic use include analgesia, muscle relaxation, immunosuppression, anti-inflammation, anti-allergic effects, sedation, improvement of mood, stimulation of appetite, anti-emesis, and antineoplastic effects.28 However, there is no Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for these therapeutic uses. Prevalence of past year cannabis use has increased most rapidly in females aged 26 years or older. So how do you use CBD gummies? Pricing is another important part of choosing which CBD gummies are right for you. The most “pure” CBD gummies available will feature 99% pure CBD, with no THC included. There are many options for vegan, kosher, gluten-free, and even sugar-free CBD gummies. The recommended quantity of CBD to consume is based upon the consumer’s weight and individual health history. Moreover, the regulatory framework surrounding CBD products is still developing, leading to inconsistencies in quality control and labeling practices across manufacturers . In addition to side effects related directly to CBD, factors such as the quality of the product, its ingredients, and the presence of additional compounds can also pose risks . Among various forms of consumption, CBD gummies have emerged as a preferred choice for many individuals seeking a discreet and enjoyable way to consume CBD . On the other hand, there are potential risks and side effects to consider, such as interactions with other medications, changes in appetite, and fatigue. “It is also important to note that there are many CBD products currently available as supplements, but these products are non-pharmaceutical and lack the appropriate clinical studies to support their efficacy claims,” the authors argued. A 2020 study was unable to confirm that CBD products consistently improve outcomes for chronic pain sufferers. In a 2018 study, researchers reviewed 11 peer-reviewed papers examining how CBD products—both extracts and purified forms—affected seizure frequency in patients with epilepsy and related conditions. The human body has an endocannabinoid system, which is responsible for regulating various physiological processes, such as pain, mood, and appetite. Cannabis edibles, including CBD gummies, come in various forms, such as candies, baked goods, and beverages. The differences between CBD and THC are crucial, as they have distinct effects on the human body. THC is the main activator of CB1 through allosteric modulators, which can potentially allow the therapeutic effects of THC without the intoxicating effects. The identification of cannabinoid receptors stemmed from the desire to understand the psychoactive effects of THC, the principal psychoactive component of cannabis. They reported smoking was the most common form of cannabis consumption (about 18% of 2.26 million posts). Legalization of medical and recreational cannabis has incentivized consumers to develop novel forms of cannabis consumption. It is prepared by adding a saturated fat to hot water (e.g., cream or any milk except skim) with a small amount of cannabis; (4) edibles, containing cannabis which is mixed with one of a variety of foods; (5) capsules where THC and other dietary supplement products are mixed. The three studies reporting severe seizures were in the context of patients diagnosed with epilepsy, and it is not simple to differentiate the worsening of the baseline pathology (epilepsy) from an adverse effect of the treatment. Even if most cases occurred in epileptic patients using valproate, increases in hepatic transaminases were reported in open-label studies employing 300 mg/day CBD as a single medication . Serious adverse effects of cannabidiol were reported in only three studies, all on epilepsy 11,15,16. In addition to pain relief, users have also reported improvements in sleep quality and duration. Such testimonials underscore the potential of CBD gummies as a natural remedy for pain management. Many individuals have reported a significant reduction in pain levels after consuming CBD gummies, allowing them to engage in daily activities with greater ease. In this section, we will delve into the personal stories of individuals who have incorporated CBD gummies into their health and wellness routines, highlighting their experiences, benefits, and any challenges they faced. By considering the expert opinions and research on CBD gummies, individuals can navigate the complex world of CBD products and make informed decisions about their health and wellbeing. Smoking cannabis has been shown to increase the risk of MI onset by a factor of 4.8 for 60 min after cannabis use, and to increase the annual risk of MI in the daily cannabis user from 1.5 to 3% per year. These actions increase myocardial oxygen demand to a degree that they can decrease the time to exercise-induced angina in patients with a history of stable angina. The results indicated that cannabis as a possible risk factor for CVD in young adults was in agreement with previous results. The percentage of cannabis-related CV complications increased from 1.1% in 2006 to 3.6% in 2010 of all cannabis-related reports with a death rate of 25.6%. Yet, despite their widespread acceptance and use, it is crucial to understand the potential negative side effects of CBD gummies . Many consumers report using CBD to manage anxiety, reduce inflammation, alleviate chronic pain, and improve sleep quality . The appeal of CBD gummies lies not only in their taste but also in their perceived health benefits . Endogenous cannabinoids. The impact of CBD on memory is a complex area of study, with research yielding mixed results.Individuals consuming nano-formulated CBD took significantly less CBD than those taking non-nano CBD, a finding reported by others and thought to be due to increased absorption 18–22.Commercial CBD products are usually crude extracts from whole hemp plant material, that are available for purchase in several venues.⁸ A similar 1987 study reported that CBD reduced the fertility of sea urchin sperm.In their research, experts have found that CBG, like CBD, has the potential to become the next big thing.Contradictory results were reported by Cluny et al. , who found that CBD (10-8–3×10-5 M) reduced resting tissue contractions in all parts of S.Furthermore, these data show sales but do not reflect the proportion of cannabis users who consume edibles. High hostility level (as determined by the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale, a self-administered questionnaire) was strongly related to cannabis consumption in the CARDIA study . Clearly more studies related with the effects of use of synthetic cannabinoids “bonzai” on the CV system are needed. Hence, rigorous and standardized testing of cannabis content is critical to mitigate potential preventable toxicity . In some case, psychotropic substances (e.g., tobacco and calamus) and cholinergic compounds are added to either enhance the efficacy of low-quality cannabis or to alleviate its side effects . CBD gummies offer a convenient and enjoyable way to consume CBD, making them a popular choice among those seeking natural sleep aids. By influencing ECS receptors, CBD can modulate sleep patterns, promote relaxation, and reduce anxiety, all of which contribute to better sleep quality. In today’s fast-paced world, maintaining healthy sleep habits is crucial for overall well-being. Further data bridging these remaining gaps in the literature is essential to adequately evaluate the therapeutic potential of CBD for anxiety-related applications. Beneficial effects of CBD have been also revealed in mouse and rat models 134,135 of neonatal HIE (Table 4). In addition, one piglet suffered fatal cardiac arrest after CBD infusion at dose of 50 mg/kg . The largest number of evidence of protective CBD action in HIE is based on studies in newborn piglets submitted to hypoxia-ischemia 54,127,128,129,130,131 (Table 4). Indeed, treatment with CBD decreased plasma level of HMGB1 and the number of HMGB1-positive cells in the brain of mice submitted to focal cerebral ischemia 121,124. Protective effects of CBD against hippocampal neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment or motor hyperactivity have been demonstrated in gerbils and rats submitted to cerebral ischemia induced by bilateral carotid artery occlusion 125,126. CBD Side Effects in Treating Specific Medical Conditions Monitoring liver function tests after four weeks of a ≥600 mg daily regimen is a reasonable precaution, as suggested by the 2023 WHO monograph on cannabinoids. Reported side effects are typically mild and include dry mouth, light‑headedness, changes in appetite, and diarrhea. While this approach provides a broader phytochemical profile, the presence of trace THC may be problematic for drug testing, making isolated CBD gummies a safer alternative for competition‑eligible individuals. Athletes focusing on recovery sometimes use whole‑plant hemp products that contain a blend of cannabinoids and terpenes (the "entourage effect"). When given the same oral dose, maximum CBD blood levels can vary tremendously with the differences increasing with increasing dose 27–29. In all of these controlled trials, all individuals were given the same daily dose of CBD, and statistical analysis methods that did not account for between-person variability were used. However, in a recent review of controlled trials of low-dose oral CBD, CBD was been found to have little to no effect on the condition being studied if the CBD daily dose was less than 300 mg/dL . The average daily dosage of non-nano CBD in this study was 53 mg/day, with a range of 8–390 mg/day. Global Health Farms CBD Gummies Review Experiences: Results, Does It Work? But even though CBD oil that only contains CBD will not get you high, taking more that a therapeutic dose will likely just make you want to take a nap. If you’re looking for a CBD product, she recommends finding a trustworthy brand that publishes lab test results of its products, and doing your research; sites like CBD Oil Review can help you assess different brands. Dr. Vergnaud notes that aside from Epidiolex, no CBD products have been FDA-approved, and non-regulated products might contain all kinds of nasties, like pesticides and heavy metals. Dr. Vergnaud adds that CBD isn’t a good idea for pregnant people, because there aren’t any studies to indicate that it’s safe. The objective of the review of cannabis and cardiometabolic conditions was to assess the independent relationship of cannabis use with these conditions in studies where the relationship has been quantified. Given the large amount of scientific literature on cannabis, the committee developed an approach that resulted in giving primacy to published systematic reviews (since 2011) and high-quality primary research for 11 groups of health endpoints, including cardiovascular conditions. Cannabis is the most complex plant known to humans with many active ingredients, most of which have largely unknown health effects. About 43% of adults in the USA reported having tried cannabis in 2019, 44% in 2018, 38% in 2013, and 4% in 1969 . In a 2019 Gallup poll, 13% of US adults reported smoking cannabis, a percentage which was almost double the percentage reported 3 years earlier . By taking the time to research and select high-quality CBD gummies, consumers can significantly reduce the risk of encountering adverse effects and inconsistencies in dosage. The market for CBD gummies has experienced significant growth, resulting in a wide array of products available to consumers. Individuals considering CBD should prioritize consulting with their healthcare providers to ensure safe and effective use. Furthermore, individuals taking medications for mood disorders, such as antidepressants and anxiolytics, should be aware of the potential for CBD to alter drug levels. Case Studies and User Experiences Plus, they are easy and convenient to carry around, avoiding potential spillages. If at some point you hit a dose that makes you feel tired, nauseous, or simply doesn’t feel right, go back to a lower dosage. Only go for products that have been independently tested, as in-house testing can’t always be trusted. Though anatomically rats exhibit central sleep apneas, these results can be interpreted in the context of OSA-related unstable respiratory patterns. This has been further explored in other rat studies utilizing CB receptor antagonists and cannabinoids, which suggest a role of CB1 and CB2 receptors in suppressing apneas (as shown through dronabinol) . Albeit with small studies (and limited power), there have been some preliminarily promising results. Multiple pharmacological agents have been investigated and found to have limited therapeutic potential. The potential factors that influence the effectiveness and safety of CBD gummies, according to user reviews, include the quality of the product, individual tolerance, and interactions with other medications. As discussed in "What Drugs Should Not Be Taken with CBD? Interactions …", CBD gummies can interact with other medications, such as blood thinners and antacids, which can lead to adverse effects. CBD gummies are edible products infused with CBD, a non-psychoactive compound extracted from the cannabis plant. The importance of understanding these side effects lies in the fact that CBD gummies can interact with other medications and have varying effects on different individuals. CBD gummies have gained immense popularity in recent years, and it's essential to understand their potential negative side effects. As such, consumers should be aware that products labeled as hemp or CBD may contain other ingredients, such as THC, pesticides, heavy metals, bacteria, or fungi.5 Additionally, most CBD products are not regulated by the FDA. Products containing THC can result in psychoactive effects and adverse events. Individuals should be careful to not mistake THC products for hemp or CBD products. Many businesses that sell hemp and CBD products also sell products that contain THC. TRPV1 receptors are expressed in liver cells, vascular endothelial cells, and Kupffer cells, where they mediate acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver damage, promote angiogenesis, and regulate Kupffer cell function 153,154. CBD’s interactions with liver TRP channels are primarily through TRPV1 and TRPV2. Regarding lipid regulation, TRPV1 agonists reduce lipid accumulation in the liver of wild-type mice and lower triglyceride levels. However, there are also some negative side effects that you should know about before purchasing them. They are made to be very easy to consume, which makes them perfect for those who are new to CBD products. CBD gummies, or CBD capsules, are gaining popularity in recent years for a variety of reasons. Although the same percentage of participants in the placebo and lower dose groups experienced a decreased appetite (both 17%), a more significant portion (29%) presented with a decreased appetite in the group having the higher dose of CBD. Again, one of the most common adverse events was a decreased appetite with an apparent dose-relationship observed. In fact, while none of the individuals in the placebo and the 5-mg/kg/day arms reported a decreased appetite, 13% and 44% of the children assigned to the 10-mg/kg/day and 20-mg/kg/day arms, respectively, experienced this adverse event . Understanding these effects is crucial for anyone considering CBD gummies as part of their health regimen, particularly in the context of weight management and overall wellness.Additionally, the severity and frequency of these side effects can depend on various factors, such as the dosage, individual tolerance, and overall health.Thus, these studies also provide a basis for understanding how CSHS, may affect different segment of the population.The maximum initial CBD dose recorded (156 mg) was prescribed for the treatment of pain of one patient.In total, 67.6% of CBD-treated participants reported an adverse event, compared with 54.5% of those treated with placebo.Stick to the dose regimen mentioned in the product description and see how it affects you.Given the role of aging in both sleep and cannabis use, we were particularly interested in age as a moderator of the relationship among cannabis metrics and sleep; thus, we tested an age x cannabis interaction measure to evaluate this further.CBD gummies are a popular form of cannabidiol (CBD) consumption that combines the benefits of CBD with the familiar taste and convenience of gummy candies. However, CBD significantly reduced the self-reported number of cigarettes on day 7 relative to day 1, although this effect did not appear to be maintained at a follow-up visit, two weeks after CBD administration . In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, cigarette smokers used a CBD-containing inhaler (400 ug/inhaler) or an inhaler containing placebo aerosol for seven days; they were instructed to use the inhaler if they felt an urge to smoke. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, abstinent heroin users administered Epidiolex® (400 or 800 mg CBD) or placebo once daily for three consecutive days. If you take too much too soon you can experience cannabis poisoning. You can use cannabis edibles as an alternative to smoking or vaping cannabis. Cannabis edibles are food or drink items made with cannabis or cannabis oils. Evidence from studies in adults suggests THC/CBD combinations provide mild to moderate alleviation of pain in a variety of conditions, e.g., cancer related pain, fibromyalgia, non-specified chronic pain, and neuropathic pain.A meta-analysis, including 79 randomized control trials, summarized the benefits and adverse effects of their medical use.None of the available studies are long-term and showing relevant beneficial clinical effect to advocate for the use of CBD in pain conditions.Within the cannabis plant, cannabinoids are found in high concentrations in the buds, with lower concentrations in the leaves (see Figure 1).The CV side effect related to use of synthetic cannabinoids “bonzai” has been reported for 2 cases .The majority of cases with abnormal liver function tests were in children with epilepsy who were also being treated with sodium valproate.The authors explored the acute effects of 600 mg CBD, 10 mg THC and placebo on brain activity measured by fMRI using a double-blind cross-over design.Summary of effect of cannabis and THC on sleep architecture (short term, long term and effects of withdrawal of cannabis) Patient Global Impression of Change to evaluate perception of cannabidiol’s (CBD) effect on pain intensity, physical function, and sleep based on type of arthritis Patients’ global impression of change of pain intensity, physical function, and sleep after using CBD for their joint pain. For this question, participants could “check all that apply.” On the basis of the distribution, many patients had pain in multiple joints. For example, one 2017 study found that some people had an allergic reaction when their skin came in contact with limonene or linalool, two common cannabis terpenes.Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of cannabidiol in the elderly.A study published in the Journal of Cannabis Research found that CBD can cause changes in liver function and interact with certain medications.The dosage of CBD gummies plays a significant role in determining the likelihood and severity of negative side effects.Animal studies on Sprague rats by Carley et al. showed stabilization of respiratory patterns during sleep after injection of THC intraperitoneally, with dose-dependent effects on apneas.Staying hydrated can help alleviate this side effect, but it’s essential to be mindful of this potential issue when consuming CBD gummies.Damkier et al18 reported a 27-year-old male who was hospitalized due to aortic valve endocarditis resulting from drug abuse. Finally, another recent randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study examined the effect of acute administration of 600mg CBD among 24 healthy volunteers . This response pattern is thought to reflect TRPV1 activation at higher CBD doses, which blocks the anxiolytic effects observed at intermediate doses . Several mechanisms have been proposed to underlie CBD’s anxiolytic effects, including indirect agonism of CB1 receptors, allosteric modulation of serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptors, and interactions with the transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) ion channel receptor family 17, 30, 31. Therefore, although the authors found no sex differences in the effects of THC on anxiety, women had significantly less THC exposure , providing further support for important sex differences in the effects and pharmacology of THC administration. Notably, in the one study in which participants could smoke freely (vs. a fixed dose of THC), women were found to smoke less and to have lower peak concentrations of THC and its metabolites, even after adjusting for differences in THC dose consumed. Studies have suggested that cannabis exposure can impact pediatric endocrine and metabolic health, and puberty.44 Prior animal studies have demonstrated that THC can delay puberty, interrupt sexual maturation, and impair growth and gonadal function.45,46 The limited human literature regarding the effect of cannabis use on puberty28 focuses largely on male subjects, consists of one abstract and a case report, and observed delayed puberty and reduced growth spurt in boys who smoked cannabis compared with non-smokers47. The recent changes in cannabis legalization will also likely influence the prevalence of cannabis use by children and adolescents.43 This can result from increased availability, greater exposure to second-hand cannabis smoke, messaging that minimizes the health and behavioral risks, and the potential impact of role-modeling by adults who use cannabis on child and adolescent behavior. In half of patients with CUD, cessation of cannabis after heavy and prolonged use results in withdrawal symptoms.37 Options for treatment include brief intervention, psychosocial intervention, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and motivational enhancement therapy, or a combination. We will examine the potential benefits and risks of Delta-9, including its potential to produce psychoactive effects. We will examine the potential benefits and risks of THC-P, including its potential to produce psychoactive effects. Human Experimental and Clinical Studies Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult their healthcare provider before using CBD gummies, as there is limited research on their safety in these populations. It is also crucial to consider how CBD gummies can affect thyroid hormones, as some individuals may be concerned about the potential impact on their thyroid health. Additionally, the type of cannabis plant used to produce CBD, such as Sativa, Indica, or Hybrid, can influence the effects of the gummies. CBD gummies are edible products infused with cannabidiol, a non-psychoactive compound found in cannabis plants. As we saw earlier when we looked at the relationship between PPARs and liver disease, the application of CBD restored the protein expression of hepatic PPARα in a chronic alcohol-fed mouse model, improving alcohol-induced hepatic metabolic imbalance and steatosis . In a recent study, a newly discovered phytocannabinoid (E)-β-caryophyllene was found to counteract the reduction of PPARα in hepatic steatosis . Additionally, it can decrease liver fibrosis by activating hepatic peroxisomes or inhibiting stellate cell activation 110,111. Mice with hepatic PPARα deficiency exhibited more severe liver inflammation and steatosis when fed HFD 107,108. This dosage may be increased weekly by 2.5 mg/kg (equivalent to 5 mg/kg/d) as tolerated, up to a maintenance dose of 12.5 mg/kg orally twice daily (equivalent to 25 mg/kg/d). The initial suggested dose is 2.5 mg/kg orally twice daily (equivalent to 5 mg/kg/d). Patients who need a more rapid titration may gradually increase the dose daily. The dose can be increased by 2.5 mg/kg twice daily, every other day, as tolerated. The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this medicine.Several studies failed to demonstrate an anxiolytic effect of CBD following acute administration 17–19.Monitoring for such symptoms and adjusting dosage accordingly is recommended for optimal health management.It is licensed in the UK for adults with MS-related muscle spasticity that has not got better with other treatments.All RCTs evaluated the effects of CBD on clinical populations and most used CBD concomitant with other drugs (9/12).Inaccurate product labeling and batch to batch variability of CBD products may lead to unpredictable CNI levels, potential toxicity, or underdosing, especially with intermittent use of different cannabinoid products.Medical cannabis, also called weed or marijuana, is generally considered safe. Therefore, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional before consuming CBD gummies, especially for individuals taking certain medications. For instance, a study published in the Journal of Cannabis Research found that CBD gummies can interact with other medications, such as blood thinners, and cause adverse effects. By examining the current research on CBD gummies, including studies from reputable institutions, we can better understand the potential negative side effects and take steps to mitigate them. CBD gummies have gained immense popularity in recent years, with many people consuming them for their potential health benefits. CBD oil and medical cannabis both derive from the cannabis plant and offer potential therapeutic benefits, but they differ in composition and usage. It is worth noting that these studies were prudent given the indication of Epidiolex for refractory and serious seizure disorders with concomitant antiepileptic therapies . These findings were confirmed in additional in vivo studies with additional observed increases in topiramate, rufinamide, zonisamide, and eslicarbazepine . In that scenario, 100% of the 36 healthy adult participants experienced an adverse event, primarily central nervous system in nature and possibly related to THC rather than CBD. Early research comparing the effects of different Δ9-THC delivery methods showed that ingestion of a chocolate cookie containing Δ9-THC produced a longer-lasting and less intoxicating effect than smoking and intravenous administration (Hollister et al., 1981). In sum, ingestion and smoking of Δ9-THC seem to produce similar subjective effects, and CBD may attenuate these effects, at least in experienced cannabis users. In one such study, conducted by Cone and colleagues (Cone, Johnson, Paul, Mell, & Mitchell, 1988), subjects with a history of cannabis use received cannabis-infused brownies and completed a series of behavioral and physiological measures of drug effect. Few laboratory studies have been undertaken using actual cannabis-infused edibles. For example, among HIV/AIDS patients who had tried both cannabis and dronabinol, 93 percent preferred smoking cannabis to taking dronabinol (Ware, Rueda, Singer, & Kilby, 2003). This is known as medical cannabis, also called medical marijuana. People sometimes use cannabis to treat health conditions. However, some users have also reported negative side effects, such as drowsiness and dry mouth. Those findings have been confirmed in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) studies. In a mouse model with hippocampal gliosis induced by injection of human Aβ-fragment, CBD inhibited the glial cell activation and proinflammatory mediator release in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the active binding to CB2 receptors was causing a down-regulation in microglial activation in animal in vivo studies. The group pre-treated a gingiva tissue sample with CBD and looked at the change in mesenchymal stem cells, meaning that it could possibly be beneficial in the treatment of AD. CBD has some pharmacological characteristics that might point to be benefit in the treatment of AD. Why choose gummies over other CBD forms like oils or capsules? It’s a natural alternative to over-the-counter painkillers, with fewer risks. This means faster relief, whether you’re tackling pain or calming your mind. This synergy, known as the entourage effect, enhances the gummies’ effectiveness compared to CBD isolates. This method preserves the full spectrum of cannabinoids—compounds like CBD, CBC, and CBG—that work together to maximize benefits. Therefore, understanding the consequences of cannabis use on the kidneys and the body as a whole is of significant relevance from a scientific, medical, and public health standpoint. Unfortunately, there continues to be a scarcity of epidemiological observations from large-population cohorts regarding such potential effects of cannabis use. Furthermore, the potential cannabinoid-related renal physiological effects raise the possibility of targeting this system for the development of novel therapies in the treatment of different forms of kidney disease. The kidneys are among the organ systems where CB1 and CB2 receptors are expressed (34), and experimental studies suggest that cannabis can have both beneficial and harmful effects on kidney function (see above). Therefore, a thorough understanding of the risks and benefits of cannabis use is essential for future development of its use in the clinical setting. The precise mechanism by which CBD exerts its anti-inflammatory effects through GPR55 in the liver awaits further elucidation. While some studies depict CBD as a GPR55 antagonist, mitigating its pro-inflammatory effects, others suggest that abnormal cannabidiol (Abn-CBD), a CBD isomer, acts as a GPR55 agonist, reducing blood glucose and lipid levels in obese mice . However, conflicting findings indicate an upregulation of GPR55 in the livers of NASH patients. It may take 1 to 2 hours to feel the effects of CBD edibles, but they typically last for several hours. It's worth noting that CBD gummies can have a slower onset of action compared to other forms of CBD consumption, such as vaping or sublingual tinctures, due to the time it takes for the CBD to be absorbed through the digestive system. The duration of these effects can also vary, typically lasting between 4 to 6 hours, depending on the dosage and individual factors such as body weight and metabolism. To understand this, it's essential to delve into the mechanism of action of CBD gummies, how they are absorbed by the body, and the factors that influence their onset and duration of action. Individuals consuming nano-formulated CBD took significantly less CBD than those taking non-nano CBD, a finding reported by others and thought to be due to increased absorption 18–22. A higher percentage of participants who changed their daily dose of CBD also reduced their use of OTC and Rx drugs, often reducing or stopping both OTC and Rx drug use. Individuals taking CBD for chronic pain had the largest decrease in OTC usage, with 42.4% decreasing or stopping OCT drug use and 24.4% decreasing or stopping Rx drug use. Avoid using cannabis until you review your medicines with a healthcare professional or pharmacist. Further research is necessary to fully understand the safety and efficacy of CBD gummy bears, including their long-term effects and potential interactions with other medications. The best CBD gummies in South Africa, for example, have received positive reviews from users, but it is essential to consider the potential side effects and take steps to mitigate them. Specifically, basic science studies have depicted that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) is prevalent within the synovium and can regulate inflammation and nociception in both humans and animal synovial joints (Hammell et al., 2016; Malfait et al., 2000; Richardson et al., 2008). A novel anonymous questionnaire was created to evaluate perceived efficacy of cannabidiol for the treatment of arthritis. Patients who have exhausted conservative measures can be subject to chronic pain and resort to symptomatic management with anti-inflammatories, acetaminophen, and opioids. We encourage you to experiment with purchasing these products if you choose to make them part of your daily routine. Hemp Bomb CBD Gummies are made from natural ingredients that provide support for your overall health. However, it is essential to note that individual results may vary, and CBD gummies may not work for everyone. Look for products that are made with high-quality, organic ingredients and have been tested by third-party labs for purity and potency. CBD gummies contain cannabidiol, which is a phytocannabinoid that interacts with the body's endocannabinoid system. When CBD is ingested, it can bind to cannabinoid receptors in the body, producing a range of effects. However, some products may contain toxic contaminants such as heavy metals, pesticides, and solvents. Almost 90% of current adult cannabis use is in part or entirely for recreational reasons and slightly less than half is in part or entirely for medicinal purposes . Dosing recommendations for cannabis and cannabinoid preparations have been previously published 59▪. Given the primary hepatic metabolism, dose adjustments are unlikely to be needed. Cannabinoids are primarily cleared by the liver and the minority of inactive metabolites are excreted in the urine, accounting for 20% of metabolite elimination. Understanding CBD and Its Role in Emotional Health Cannabidiol, commonly referred to as CBD, is a naturally occurring compound found in the cannabis… Additionally, more clinical trials with a greater number of participants and longer chronic CBD administration are still lacking. This comprehensive review underlines the importance of a balanced approach, weighing the potential advantages against the risks. Additionally, they stress the importance of purchasing CBD products from reputable sources to ensure quality and safety. In this section, we have explored the less common but possible side effects and allergic reactions to CBD gummies. This can be particularly concerning for those using CBD gummies as a part of a weight management plan, as digestive discomfort can impact diet and overall health. Through this exploration, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the negative side effects of CBD gummies, offering valuable insights for consumers to make educated and safe choices in their wellness journeys. Using cannabis can change how you think and feel. Research in people who have schizophrenia suggests that cannabis use may raise the risk of losing touch with reality, also called psychosis. Using cannabis often might raise the risk of depression or make depression symptoms worse. If you have bipolar disorder, cannabis may make you irritable or restless with racing thoughts, also called mania. Don't drive or use machinery when using cannabis. CBD Drugs Interactions Contradictory results were reported by Cluny et al. , who found that CBD (10-8–3×10-5 M) reduced resting tissue contractions in all parts of S. A similar lack of a contraction response to CBD in mouse ileum and colon tissue were reported using concentrations of 10-9 and 10-8 M (76). Capasso et al. reported that CBD (10-5–0.1 M) itself had no effect on baseline tissue contractility. Contradictory results were reported when mice were provided with CBD prior to sacrifice, rather than being directly applied to intestine segments postmortem. For consumers, and especially medicinal cannabis users, knowing the precise amounts and relative concentrations of Δ9-THC and CBD in edibles is vital, as this information largely determines the drug effects that users will experience. Myriad techniques are used to extract cannabinoids from the cannabis plant in a form that can be integrated into the countless forms that edibles can take, resulting in considerable variation in the amount and homogeneity of cannabinoids that make it into the final products. Another challenge related to edibles is the perception that they represent food products containing cannabis, when in reality the cannabis extracts used to produce edibles can be very different from the actual plant material used for smoking. Since this incident, Colorado initiated new packaging and labeling rules requiring that recreational cannabis products contain no more than 100 mg of Δ9-THC and have clear demarcation of each standardized 10-mg serving (1 Colo. Code Regs. § 212-2, 2016). In our study cohort, of those patients that reduced or discontinued medications after starting CBD, 31.1% reduced anti-inflammatory medications and 17.8% discontinued them altogether. Furthermore, it has been reported that up to 50% of patients with arthritis are dissatisfied with the efficacy of anti-inflammatories to treat their pain (Taylor et al., 2013). These conflicting findings support the need for safe, alternative treatments for patients to manage their pain. A systematic review that investigated the use of acetaminophen for pain reduction reported only minimal reductions in pain for patients suffering from hip and knee arthritis, questioning the true efficacy (Leopoldino et al., 2019). Gulbransen et al. found improvements in quality of life, pain, depression, and sleep quality in 400 patients with non-cancer-related chronic pain. With careful administration and proper dosage levels, CBD can be a beneficial compound for your pet’s health. Buy products with third-party test labels to understand the cannabinoid constituents of the product and try to avoid THC as much as possible. While drooling is not a great sign of health and could indicate dental problems, a dry mouth can affect their chewing and swallowing. So, it’s best to keep a close eye on your dog to see if it has started sleeping a lot more or is generally lazy after consumption of CBD. CBD can ease the effects of these triggers in anxious pets and make them feel secure and comfortable. There is moderate-quality evidence that chronic and acute administration of CBD can improve psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia patients. The studies identified that evaluated identical conditions, regrettably employed different endpoints or tools of assessment. However unlikely, other studies may not have been identified which can limit the applicability of the findings. Besides excluding the option of pooling data for a meta-analysis to evaluate efficacy, the consequence of non-consensus of CBD dose is important when evaluating safety issues. An important finding of this review is the heterogeneous use of doses, dosage schemes and formulations (inhalation, oral capsules and sublingual oil, topical gel) across all indications of CBD. In a survey of 253 patients with pain, many reported positive outcomes for pain and for a myriad of other conditions when self-medicating with CBD . Self-administration of CBD reduced OTC and Rx drug usage at daily doses less than those reported in controlled studies. Pain, mental health (primarily anxiety/stress), and sleep are the most common reasons for CBD use. Limited short‑term studies suggest modest reductions in sleep latency at doses of 15‑20 mg, but findings are not consistently statistically significant. Edible gummies are convenient and discreet, but their low bioavailability means higher doses may be needed to achieve measurable plasma levels, increasing the chance of gastrointestinal side effects. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), positive public perception has led to an increase in the utilization of CBD as a treatment option for various medical conditions. Future research should focus on exploring the benefits of CBD use in this patient population with clinical trials. The present study found associations between CBD use and improvements in patient’s arthritis symptoms and reductions in other medications. We recommend that anyone who wants to try hemp bombs CBD gummies talk with their doctor before doing so. This is because some people experience anxiety and paranoia when they take CBD. Hemp bombs CBD gummies contain less than 0.3% of THC, which is the psychoactive compound that gives you a “high.” Hemp Bomb CBD Gummies are a powerful mood enhancer that can help improve your overall mental health. Hemp Bomb CBD Gummies are designed to help relieve pain from arthritis, fibromyalgia, migraines, back pain, neck pain and more. Some of the most relevant effects were severe drowsiness, lethargy, hypertransaminasemia, rash, and pneumonia with or without respiratory failure. Regarding SAEs, the highest incidence was reported in RCTs on epilepsy. Two RCTs 13,17 reported 100% of items from the Quality Assessment of Controlled Intervention Studies tool (see Table 4), indicating a tendency towards a low bias risk. For complete data on serious adverse effects (≥1 patient) see Table S2. Understanding the mechanism through which cannabis causes infarction may provide insight into the triggering of MI. A literature search indicates that relatively little is known about the relationship of cannabis use to CVD outcomes. The justification for examining cannabis consumption in relation to cardiometabolic conditions is that cardiometabolic conditions are among the leading causes of mortality and are highly prevalent in the USA. That’s another major advantage over some prescription medications, such as opioid painkillers, which are notorious for their addictive properties.These side effects generally last from a few hours to a few days.The majority of potential adverse reactions caused by CBD are mild.As with any substance affecting brain chemistry, there may be a risk of overstimulation at certain doses, leading to heightened fears or anxieties .Finally, El Batsh et al. reported that repeated CBD doses over 21 days, that is chronic as opposed to acute treatment, facilitated conditioned freezing.Given the complexities surrounding the use of CBD and its potential implications for emotional health, it is imperative for consumers to engage in informed discussions with healthcare providers.The role of CB2 in MASLD is currently controversial, but previous studies have supported a role for CB2 in MASLD progression.Adverse effects were classified into mild, moderate, and severe according to the reported categories. In chronic alcohol-fed mouse models, CBD restored liver peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α(PPARα) protein expression and improved alcohol-induced liver metabolic imbalance and steatosis . The activation of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) in the liver can improve liver fibrosis caused by bile duct ligation and promote liver regeneration . CBD acts as a negative allosteric modulator of CB1, making it a promising therapeutic agent for liver diseases . The committee was formed by 16 experts in the areas of cannabis addiction, oncology, cardiology, neurodevelopment, respiratory disease, pediatric and adolescent health, immunology, toxicology, preclinical research, epidemiology, systematic review, and public health. A committee on the health effects of cannabis consumption was formed at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine, to extensively review the scientific literature and identify the research gap recommendations. More importantly, we have proposed new questions and signposts in cannabis research to uncover additional medicinal benefits and identify the health hazards with focus on cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this review, we have provided an overview of the known medicinal benefits of selected cannabis cannabinoids and the known side effects or contraindications. Limited results in healthy subjects also support the efficacy of CBD in acutely enhancing fear extinction, suggesting potential for the treatment of PTSD, or for enhancing cognitive behavioral therapy. Epidemiological studies of various neuropsychiatric disorders indicate that a higher CBD content in chronically consumed cannabis may protect against adverse effects of THC, including psychotic symptoms, drug cravings, memory loss, and hippocampal gray matter loss 115–118 (reviewed in ). In a series of placebo-controlled studies involving 15 healthy volunteers, Fusar-Poli et al. investigated the effects of CBD and THC on task-related blood-oxygen-level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging activation, specifically the go/no-go and fearful faces tasks 109, 110. In a SPECT study, by the same authors, in patients with SAD, CBD reduced rCBF in overlapping, but distinct, limbic and paralimbic areas; again, with no correlations to anxiolytic effects . Further studies using higher doses supported a lack of anxiolytic effects at baseline 101, 107. While CBD gummies are generally considered safe, there are potential risks and interactions to be aware of. However, research on the effects of CBD on the body is still limited and so far no CBD products have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) By doing so, individuals can ensure that they are using CBD gummies safely and effectively, and as part of a comprehensive approach to managing their health. As the demand for natural remedies continues to grow, CBD gummies are likely to become an increasingly popular choice for individuals seeking a holistic approach to health and wellbeing. A review of studies published in the Healthline suggests that CBD can help reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression by interacting with the brain's serotonin receptors and promoting a sense of calm and relaxation. This WHO report provides a critical review of CBD, including its safety and therapeutic potential. This comprehensive review examines the safety and side effects of CBD, concluding that it is generally well tolerated with a favorable safety profile. It is important to consult a doctor before combining it with other treatments. CBD can have side effects such as dry mouth, fatigue, drowsiness and changes in appetite. Of note, this was the only outcome where a dose relationship was observed. In a clinical trial involving 120 children with Dravet syndrome with drug-resistant seizures, CBD was tested as an add-on therapy to antiepileptic drugs to reduce the frequency of seizures. Authors reported that CBD alone had no effect on appetite and did not change anthropometric parameters such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, visceral adiposity, waist-to-hip ratio, neck circumference, and skinfold thickness . Sativa (9-THC, 9% CBD) by inhalation divided in two doses (25 mg initially and 10 mg 35 minutes later). The amount of CBD consumed can significantly influence the occurrence of these effects. Therefore, it is crucial to find the right dosage that provides the desired benefits without causing excessive drowsiness. For example, these effects can interfere with daily activities, such as work or driving. This is particularly helpful for those who suffer from insomnia or sleep disorders. CBD can cause fatigue and drowsiness, especially when consumed in high doses. By understanding human age-related changes, guidance can be provided to clinicians on interindividual variabilities among older adults based on their coexisting co-morbidities and medications. These synthetic cannabinoids are Dronabinol (Marinol®, Syndros®) and nabilone (Cesamet®), and are indicated for nausea and vomiting, and appetite stimulation, but are also often used off-label for pain management (Mack & Joy, 2000; Berlach et al., 2006). CB1 receptors are found in the brain and peripherally (e.g., intestines, liver, adipose, immune cells), whereas CB2 receptors are in the spleen, tonsils, and immune cells (Mastinu et al., 2020). Boureau et al. compared ibuprofen and paracetamol in patients with arthritis of the knee or hip and found superior pain reduction with NSAID use. Two of the more commonly utilized medications that participants used for pain relief for arthritis were non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) and acetaminophen. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that patients with osteoarthritis reported greater reductions in NRS score than RA and other autoimmune arthritis groups, which may suggest that the efficacy of CBD may be better in patients with osteoarthritis. When considering the consumption of CBD gummies, it is crucial to acknowledge the potential for allergic reactions or intolerances linked to various ingredients found in these products. Ultimately, while CBD gummies can offer benefits, understanding their interactions with prescribed medications is essential. Therefore, monitoring by a healthcare provider is advisable to adjust dosages if necessary to mitigate adverse effects. User reviews and feedback provide a unique perspective on the use of CBD gummy bears, highlighting their effectiveness and potential side effects. It is essential to be aware of these potential side effects, including their severity and frequency, to ensure safe and effective use of CBD gummy bears. Rare side effects can include interactions with other medications, allergic reactions, and increased heart rate. The potential side effects of CBD gummy bears can vary depending on the individual, the dosage, and the specific product.