Each patient was given detailed and illustrated directions on how to measure their penis (erect length and circumference) in flaccidity and in erection, from the lower base to the distal penile tip. The purpose of the present study was to assess men's penile dimensions in a study in which the men would presumably be motivated to report accurate information about their penis size. Each patient was given details on how to measure their penis (erect length and circumference) in flaccidity and in erection, from the lower base to the distal penile tip. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the size of the penis in flaccidity and in erection of Italian men. This is an observational transversal cohort study in which we aim to analyze the Brazilian penis length and compare the penis size of the men self-declared as white (SDW) or black (SDB) skin color. Selection of the studies and criteria for inclusion Currently, there is no consensus regarding the preferred method for the evaluation of penile size. Minor statistical variations between large population groups are clinically meaningless for any single person and are overshadowed by the vast range of sizes present within every group, including the diverse penis lengths among black women and men. This stereotype contributes to the general penis size anxiety that is prevalent among men of all backgrounds, including white guys, Asian men, and African American men. Percentiles of penile parameters studied are summarized in Table 1 and represented in Figure 2.While shorter men tended to have smaller sizes on average, this link disappeared when erect lengths exceeded 12 cm.The Republic of the Congo ranks 2nd with 17.33 cm (6.82 inches).Lynn’s other source is the world penis size website.Another great study is that of Söylemez, a study conducted on 2,276 young Turkish men.Trained medical personnel from the Department of Urology of the hospitals cited above obtained prior consent of the patient, various anthropometric measurements, namely height, weight, flaccid penile length, stretched penile length, penile base circumference, and foot length using a centimeter.It focuses on erect length and girth.Minor statistical variations between large population groups are clinically meaningless for any single person and are overshadowed by the vast range of sizes present within every group, including the diverse penis lengths among black women and men. Senegal completes the top ten with 15.89 cm (6.26 inches). Jamaica holds 8th with 16.30 cm (6.42 inches), followed by Ghana at 9th with an adjusted 16.01 cm (6.30 inches). Venezuela takes 4th place with 16.93 cm (6.67 inches) and ranks 2nd in total volume at 228.7 cm³. The Republic of the Congo ranks 2nd with 17.33 cm (6.82 inches). As noted in a previous article, Rushton, a notorious advocate of race realism, proposed that the major races can be sorted into a human hierarchy based on their supposed reproductive strategies. These claims are in line with vulgar racial stereotypes and are part of a larger research agenda based on a belief in "race realism." There is no professional consensus as to performing penile lengthening techniques below a certain measure. In the case of micropenis, it is important to note that the numerical value varies across countries although some may show the same. Variability is reflected in the different results since some obtained positive associations between penile and anthropometric measures and others did not. Our study, therefore, showed that there are no statistically significant differences for penis size in Italy in the North, Central, South and Islands macro‐areas, except for the length of the flaccid penis, which was greater in the North and lower in Central Italy.The comparison of average penis size between countries has long generated curiosity and scientific interest.A 2014 study in the US found no significant racial differences between white men.By linking Blackness with hypersexuality, the stereotype subtly invokes the dangerous “Black brute” narrative, which has been perpetuated in both media and discussions about larger penises, especially in the context of sex with men.Data shows that while there are differences, the variations are slight.Moreover, all erections are not created equal, the study also found. East and Southeast Asian countries report the smallest penis size averages across all categories, with measurements approximately 20-30% below the global mean. One of the largest is that of Herbenick et.al that evaluated the erect penis size of 1661 sexually active men in the USA. The mean of penis size stratified by geographic area did not reveal statistically significant differences, except for the length of the flaccid penis (p 1). Interpreting global data requires recognizing the methodological challenges and limitations inherent in the research. Variations in the mother’s hormonal balance during pregnancy, or the individual’s hormonal response during puberty, can affect the ultimate size achieved. Genetic inheritance plays a role, as certain genes related to growth and development influence the final adult size of the organ. For a true scientific measurement, a rigid ruler is pressed firmly against the pubic bone to eliminate the layer of pre-pubic fat. Sixty-four studies analyzed stretched penile length with measurements ranging from 8.98 cm to 17.50 cm. Thirty-three studies reported flaccid length with measurements ranging from 5.20 cm to 13.80 cm. Researchers analyze large-scale studies and meta-analyses to map out what the available data reveals about global differences in physical measurements. Upsize offers the Upsize Procedure which can increas penis girth by 1-2 inches on average. Systematic reviews pooling global data confirm that average measurements show statistically significant variation across different geographic regions. According to a major systematic review where professionals performed the measurement, the average erect length worldwide is around 13.93 centimeters, or approximately 5.5 inches. The stretched flaccid measurement is often used because it reliably predicts fully erect length and is easier for a clinician to obtain consistently than a fully erect measurement. African and Latin American penis size data come from World Population Review and Data Pandas25. Standardized mean difference between pooled mean and measuraments presented in studies reporting erect length. The etiology of the increase in erect penile length over time remains uncertain. However, the cause for differences remains unknown and as migration continues, reported variations may lessen with time. Geographic variation is consistent with prior reports with other investigators also identifying longer measurements in sub-Saharan Africans, intermediate in Europeans, South Asians, and North Africans, and smaller in East Asians . The simplest technique to achieve an erection is penile injections which are routinely utilized to generate an erection in clinical settings 21,37,90. 2,208 patients (47.1%) came from North of Italy, 907 patients (19.4%) came from Italy's centre and 1,570 patients (33.5%) came from South and Islands of Italy.Our finding reveal that the worldwide average for erect penis length stands at 13.12 cm (5.16 inches).This simple gesture considers a few hidden centimeters in the adipose tissue, thus giving more accuracy to the measurement.This “hypersexual” stereotype is particularly harmful because it reinforces broader, historical racist tropes that have been used to portray Black men as dangerous or primitive, narratives that have historically justified violence, discrimination, and social control.In the male population, penile size is gaining importance together with the length, and the number of patients needing andrological investigation is increasing (Mondaini et al., 2002; Singal & Jain, 2016).The reference lists of the included studies were also screened for relevant articles. We first obtained the pooled mean and SD for every measurement category (i.e., flaccid, erect, and stretched length). We performed a systematic review of the literature in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane from inception to April 2022, to identify studies that evaluated penile size. As male sexual dysfunction diagnoses and treatments are common 1,2, penile size remains important . Many patients report ~1–2 inches average girth increase; partner detection is possible. By linking Blackness with hypersexuality, the stereotype subtly invokes the dangerous “Black brute” narrative, which has been perpetuated in both media and discussions about larger penises, especially in the context of sex with men. The scientific consensus is that historical human migration and gene flow mean that discrete, separate biological races do not exist, challenging the notion that certain groups, like white men or black guys, possess inherently different traits. The very relevance of penis length to understanding whatever racial differences may exist would seem to be highly doubtful. These include a book of semi-pornographic “tall tales” by an anonymous 19th-century French surgeon that makes wildly inconsistent claims about genital sizes in people of different races. This is hardly convincing evidence that there are racial differences in testosterone levels or that a reduction in penis length ever occurred in human history. Variability in the intervention effects as a consequence of clinical or methodological diversity among the studies was evaluated by form of heterogeneity . The authors independently assessed the methodological quality based on sequence generation, allocation concealment, enrollment of control groups, incomplete outcome data, selective outcome reporting, and additional sources of bias. The reference lists of the included studies were also screened for relevant articles. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to critically evaluate the literature to report the trend of penile length over time and in different geographic regions. Scientific inquiry into this topic seeks to establish normative data for clinical purposes, such as addressing body image concerns or designing medical devices. Safe, immediately effective penis enlargement procedure performed by physicians in the United States, Canada and the UK. Easily schedule your Upsize™ consultation or procedure online For more information about penis enlargement in New Jersey, visit our New Jersey clinic page. Dr. Roel Galope performs the Upsize procedure at Upsize New Jersey. All measurements were taken in centimeters (cm) and weight in kilograms (kg). Patients with congenital or acquired anomalies of the penis, such as Peyronie’s disease, partial or total penectomies, penile prosthesis, urethral surgeries, severe phimosis, and those who did not consent to our research protocol were excluded. The aim is to inform and adequately advise the patient who comes to the office to try to solve problems he thinks he has with the size of his penis. Penile length and circumference dimensions: A large study in young Italian men This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article. Risk of bias assessment according to NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional studies Given the important implications of genital development for urinary and reproductive function, future studies should attempt to confirm the trend and identify the etiology. Indeed, emerging data suggest that diverse prenatal or postnatal exposures may influence pubertal timing 99,100,101,102. Investigators have hypothesized sedentary lifestyle/obesity or increasing exposure to hormone-disrupting substances may play a role 96,97,98. Sudan, originally ranked 1st based on self-reported data, dropped to 6th after our adjustment, with a corrected length of 16.65 cm (6.56 inches). They demonstrate measurements 25-35% above the global average of 13.12 cm. The countries with the biggest penis size clusters primarily in equatorial regions of South America and Africa. When comparing these datasets, measurement methods vary considerably between studies. Our analysis of properly measured data showed that penis girth is typically about 9.4% smaller than length. One factor that affects the accuracy of country rankings is whether measurements were professionally taken or self-reported. Medical literature defines a clinical micropenis as less than 7 cm (approximately 2.75 inches) when erect. This analysis provides a comprehensive overview of average penis sizes by race. Average penis size of Mexican men, representing Hispanic or Latin American descent, is about an erect length of 15.1 cm (5.9 inches). Average penis size of Indian men average 13.01 cm (5.12 inches). These measurements are typically collected in both flaccid and erect states, though erect measurements are considered more relevant for comparative studies. Ecuador has the biggest average penis size with 17.59 cm (6.93 inches), while Thailand has the smallest penis average at 9.43 cm (3.71 inches) – a difference of 8.16 cm. Many localized studies contributing to regional data suffer from small or non-randomized sample sizes, often recruiting participants from specific clinics, which introduces selection bias. Studies relying on self-reported figures consistently show averages greater than those found when a healthcare professional performs the measurement. The observed differences in average size result from a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Although sexual customs have evolved over time, the importance of penile size is still a relevant issue. Funnel plot presenting 3 levels of confidence interval (90%, 95%, and 99% corresponding to shades white, gray, and dark gray) for (A) flaccid, (B) stretched, and (C) erect length studies. However, Schneider et al compared younger (18–20 y) and older (48–60 y) men and found that older men had a significantly longer stretched penis, but no difference in erect lengths implying penile elasticity may change with age. However, isolated studies from Italy and India hinted at a potential link, but these findings remain unconfirmed. Similarly, no clear connection was found between size and age. Interestingly, size didn’t strongly correlate with age or height. Genetic, cultural, and environmental influences likely shape these differences. Data from nearly 90 countries gives insight into these differences, revealing intriguing patterns. Data collection on average penis size involves not only different sample sizes, but also differences in the way these measurements are obtained. Our study, therefore, showed that there are no statistically significant differences for penis size in Italy in the North, Central, South and Islands macro‐areas, except for the length of the flaccid penis, which was greater in the North and lower in Central Italy. In Söylemez's study, the mean flaccid, fully stretched and circumferential length of the participants penises were 8.95 ± 1.04, 13.98 ± 1.58 and 8.89 ± 0.86 cm, respectively (Söylemez et al., 2012), but the size of the erect penis has not been investigated in this either. A Checklist for Critical Thinking on race-based sexual stereotypes and their impact on societal perceptions of black communities and penis size. Large-scale scientific studies, such as the 2015 BJU International meta-analysis of over 15,000 men, have analyzed penis size across different populations and found that while some studies show slight statistical differences in averages between ancestral groups, the overlap is vast and clinically insignificant. Vol. 11 No. 1 ( / Articles Importantly, when the current analyses were adjusted for the technique to achieve erection, the point estimates remained similar. Studies attempting to analyze spontaneous erections in the clinic, on the other hand, have omitted numerous individuals who were unable to “perform” in this unnatural scenario . Because of their inherent biases, self-reported lengths should be regarded with caution. Moreover, Habous et al reported significant limitations of flaccid and stretched measurements in estimating erect length as well as marked interobserver variation. In addition, the current work identified significant differences in penile size measurements across different geographic regions. Among the studies included, fourteen 21,32,34,37,38,39,40,44,53,60,62,69,79,81 and six 12,26,41,65,70,78 reported measurements obtained with penile injections and spontaneous erections, respectively. Key studies are Herbenick et al. (2014) for US data1, a 2024 meta-analysis for penis size of Chinese men3, and a 2007 Indian study4. In the case of micropenis, it is important to note that the numerical value varies across countries although some may show the same.Patients with impression of small penis may feel anxious, less capable of maintaining erections, resulting in an impact on sexual frequency and ejaculations.A total of 800 patients were evaluated.However, only 55% of men were satisfied with the size of one's penis (Lever et al., 2006).Mean (SD) flaccid penis length was 9.47 (2.69), mean (SD) flaccid penis circumference was 9.59 (3.08), mean (SD) erect penis length was 16.78 (2.55) and mean (SD) erect penis circumference was 12.03 (3.82). South Korea completes the bottom ten with 10.80 cm (4.25 inches). Indonesia places ninth with an adjusted length of 10.37 cm (4.08 inches). Vietnam follows closely at 10.15 cm (4.00 inches). Myanmar places 5th with 10.10 cm (3.98 inches) and also ranks the second-smallest volume at 91.0 cm³. The only dedicated knowledge platform built to understand, support, and optimize every man’s sexual health journey. This guide was created by factbasedurology, an educational platform committed to publishing evidence-based insights on men’s sexual wellness. It establishes a false and damaging racial hierarchy of sexual prowess that can negatively impact self-esteem, relationships, and mental health, especially for African American men. This “hypersexual” stereotype is particularly harmful because it reinforces broader, historical racist tropes that have been used to portray Black men as dangerous or primitive, narratives that have historically justified violence, discrimination, and social control. Our data showed that smoking patients are more likely to have a flaccid and erect penis circumference below average. The most recent study conducted in Italy dates back to 2001 out of 3,300 patients by Ponchietti et al. and reports media (SD) flaccid length 9 (2), media flaccid circumference 10 (0.75), but the size of the erect penis has not been investigated (Ponchietti et al., 2001). We can confirm that estimates of the average penile measurements in Argentina are flaccid penis length of 11.4 cm, penile circumference of 10.1 cm, and stretching the penis to the maximum in flaccidity of 15.2 cm. In all, 33, 22, and 64 papers reported data regarding measurements in flaccid, stretched, and erect length, respectively. There was no significant association was found between year of publication and stretched penile length (Fig. 2A). Each study measurement was compared to the pooled mean to reveal the SMD estimate under a random-effects model (-0.05 cm; 95% CI, -0.21 to 0.12). Fourteen studies investigated patients before prostate surgery and two evaluated cadavers. Our systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that the average erect penile length increased between 1992 and 2021. While measurement techniques were similar across studies, slight variations could contribute to differences. The current report identified a significant difference in penile measurements across different geographical regions. Action Black: How a Medellin ‘Barrio’ Gym Became a Global Success Story Only 48.3% of smoking patients have a median flaccid penis circumference above median compared to 54.9% of non‐smoking patients (p value p p S5–S8 and Figures 4 and 5). From our data, we found that 48.2% of men in the North have a flaccid penis length above the national average, compared to 19.7% of men in the Centre and 32.1% of men in Southern Italy and in the islands (p p‐value .08). The percentage distributions by geographical area are shown in the Supplementary Tables S1–S4 and divided into patients above and below the median with reference to penis size (Figures 2, 3). Measurements in environments with different temperatures may lead to bias since cold affects penile length and manipulation of an awake patient as opposed to one under general anesthesia is different considering the discomfort or pain that the measurement can cause in the awake patient. The literature reviewed shows significant variability in the methodology used for penile measurement and the environmental conditions in which it is carried out. The data collected were entered into a spreadsheet preserving the anonymity of patients. To measure the length of the flaccid penis, the pubic bone (exerting pressure on the prepubic fat) and the tip of the glans with the foreskin retracted were taken as reference points. A 2023 meta-analysis involving over 55,000 men also revealed that the average erect length has increased by approximately 24% over the past three decades.Rushton’s theory has also been criticised for naïveté about sexual matters (Weizmann, et al., 1990).A total of 800 patients were evaluated, 200 of which came from each hospital.Furthermore, a lack of standardized measurement protocols across all published papers complicates direct comparison between different studies and countries.A Checklist for Critical Thinking on race-based sexual stereotypes and their impact on societal perceptions of black communities and penis size.Similarly, no clear connection was found between size and age.For circumference, measurements focused on the base, but some studies included measurements from other areas.Interestingly, Park et al. have previously demonstrated that fourth digit ratio, flaccid penile length and age of circumcision were significant predictive factors for erectile penile length (Park et al., 2016). Table 2. Pooled means and 95% CIs from subgroups analysises investigating decades, regions, and population type. Also, findings suggest that mode of getting an erection may influence erect penile dimensions. Most men measured their penis while alone, using hand stimulation to become erect. We have shown that the man´s mean penis length who identifies himself as black is just a little bit bigger than the one who identifies himself as white. "We don't know if that means that when men have oral sex that it's more arousing and they get a bigger erection, or means that men who have bigger penises could be getting more oral sex in the first place," Herbenick told LiveScience. But whether penis size truly matters to a man's sex partner is up for debate. & Chen, J. Penile size in adult men—recommendations for clinical and research measurements. A systematic search for articles on penile length and girth measurement techniques was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochran Library. Interestingly, Park et al. have previously demonstrated that fourth digit ratio, flaccid penile length and age of circumcision were significant predictive factors for erectile penile length (Park et al., 2016). But whether penis size truly matters to a man's sex partner is up for debate. The study found that other characteristics of a man, such as his race or orientation, weren't good predictors of his member's size. (The men submitted their data online.) At the time of their measurement, some men were with partners or "a friend," although most employed a DIY method for attaining an erection. In the new study, Debby Herbenick, a researcher at Indiana University, and her colleagues asked 1,661 men to measure their penis's length and girth for the purposes of fitting for a condom. A study by Richard Lynn claims to have found scientific evidence that there are substantial differences in the average penis length of men from different races. In their study, penis measurement was performed by the same doctor in his office at 24°C with a rigid ruler; patients obtained an erection through self-stimulation with sex tapes and the length was assessed by exerting force controlled by the doctor. Several countries have carried out studies on penile size and its correlation with different anthropometric measures.5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13 This is an original study in Argentina. Mexican men average an erect length of 15.1 cm (5.9 inches). Chinese men average 12.42 cm (4.9 inches) in erect length. White men average an erect length of 14 cm (5.5 inches). (What Race has the Biggest Penis Size?)Discussing penis size can be a sensitive topic that men avoid. The “stereotype about Black men and penis size” is one of the most persistent and charged racial tropes in modern culture, fueled by a combination of historical propaganda and modern media portrayals, including porn that exaggerates these traits. A blogger named Ethnic Muse has carefully examined this site’s references and found that a number of articles listed on the site either do not exist under the name given or do not discuss penis size at all. Lynn’s other source is the world penis size website. Lynn's claims about differences in penis length between races build on earlier claims by Rushton and Bogaert (1987). Rushton and Bogaert (1987) argued that blacks are more sexually precocious and less sexually restrained than whites, based on Kinsey’s out-dated and non-representative data. The key takeaways are that the “stereotype about Black men and penis size” has racist origins, is not supported by scientific data, that population averages are irrelevant for individuals, and that perpetuating any racial stereotype is dehumanizing and harmful. In the same way, knowing a person’s race gives you no useful information about their penis size, especially when considering the myth of the big black dick that inaccurately represents African American men. It is crucial to understand that a minor difference in a population average, such as a few millimeters, has zero predictive value for any given individual, as the range of penis sizes within every race is vast and largely identical. Access options While erect lengths are consistent, erect lengths measurements can also create challenges. Indeed, the current report noted significant asymmetry in stretched penile lengths suggesting clinical heterogeneity in reported lengths. In contrast, no change was identified in stretched penile length or flaccid penile length. Twenty-three studies evaluated volunteers while thirty-six studies reported data from men evaluated for urological reasons. All the study procedures were carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (2013) of the World Medical Association and participants provided written informed consent after accepting to participate. In particular, temperature, level of arousal and previous ejaculation could also affect the penile dimensions. The study of Veale et al proposed a nomogram useful in clinical and therapeutic settings to counsel men and for academic research. Furthermore more, consultation for Peyronie's disease is extremely important in order to give expectation for penile length after surgery, since it represents one of the most important outcome (Russo et al., 2019)(Falcone et al., 2020)(Cocci et al., 2020)(Cocci et al., 2018). Although all these premises, body acceptance and self‐satisfaction are important in confidence and could play a role on sexual life (Veale, Miles, Read, Troglia, Wylie, et al., 2015)(Veale et al., 2014). Putting together our findings with other reports, our data were similar with those from Western Asians (8.96 ± 1.13 cm) (Aslan et al., 2011) (Sengezer et al., 2002) and USA (9.01 ± 2.15 cm) (Wessells et al., 1996). The literature describes this as suffered by men who have a penis with a normal size but believe it is small and consequently, they are excessively self-conscious.1,2 Standardized mean difference between pooled mean and measuraments presented in studies reporting flaccid length. Standardized mean difference between pooled mean and measuraments presented in studies reporting stretched length. The goal of a stretched penile length measurement is to approximate the penile length during an erection. A temporal trend was noted for erect length but not other penile length measurements. Moreover, it presents normative penile measurements based on data from more than 55,000 men. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine temporal change in penile size. The current study identified an increase in the average erect penile length in men from 1992 to 2021. This aligns with global averages from Veale et al. (2015)1. Girth is estimated at 12 cm (4.7 inches). Below are the averages for each racial or ethnic group. Data was gathered from peer-reviewed studies and reputable sources. Vietnam follows closely at 10.15 cm (4.00 inches).Veale et al.,14 in a systematic review, state that by exerting adequate pressure to stretch the penis (it may cause pain), it is possible to obtain measurements similar to those generated by an erection.This is hardly convincing evidence that there are racial differences in testosterone levels or that a reduction in penis length ever occurred in human history.The stereotype causes harm by reducing Black men to a single physical attribute, which is a form of fetishization and objectification that ignores their full humanity, individuality, and places immense pressure on them to live up to an unrealistic sexual expectation.The literature reviewed shows significant variability in the methodology used for penile measurement and the environmental conditions in which it is carried out.The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.The authors independently assessed the methodological quality based on sequence generation, allocation concealment, enrollment of control groups, incomplete outcome data, selective outcome reporting, and additional sources of bias. When measured, the clinician's force was lower (428 g of force) thus questioning the reliability of this method of measurement. Chen et al also measured the forces required to stretch the penis to its full length using a specially developed gauge. The SMD estimates displayed a temporal trend with more recent studies displaying means higher than the pooled mean (Supplement Fig. 1). RoB assessment according to NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies for each of the individual studies is illustrated in Supplement Table 1. The QM statistics with accompanying p-values were used to determine the significance of subgroup differences . Similar articles Ecuador leads the list with the largest average size of nearly 7 inches (17.6 cm) while Colombia ranks 21st with an average of 5.9 inches (15.26cm). While shorter men tended to have smaller sizes on average, this link disappeared when erect lengths exceeded 12 cm. To ensure accuracy, measurements were taken along the top of the penis, from the base to the tip. Research shows that some men tend to overestimate their erect length by nearly a centimeter compared to a clinician’s stretched measurement. Rate of patients with penile somatometrics above the median patients by smoking Rate of patients with penile somatometrics below the median patients by smoking habit Rate of patients with penile somatometrics above the median patients by geographical area For circumference, measurements focused on the base, but some studies included measurements from other areas. Recent research has highlighted variations in average penis sizes worldwide, from Colombia to Cambodia. The overall range of average erect lengths found in global studies spans only a few centimeters, indicating that differences are subtle variations around the established global mean. Asian Men: East and South Asian Distinction For Black men, this can create immense psychological pressure and anxiety related to sexual performance and identity, affecting their sexual experiences with partners. The stereotype causes harm by reducing Black men to a single physical attribute, which is a form of fetishization and objectification that ignores their full humanity, individuality, and places immense pressure on them to live up to an unrealistic sexual expectation. Modern genetics clarifies that race is primarily a social construct, not a rigid biological category, as there is more genetic diversity and variation within any given racial group than there is between them, making broad physical generalizations unreliable. It must be stressed that this archetype is a fictional construct rooted in racist ideology, not an anthropological reality, and does not reflect the true diversity of dicks across races. The funnel plot for three CIs (90%, 95%, and 99% corresponding to shades white, gray and dark gray) for studies presenting flaccid length (Supplement Fig. 4A), stretched length (Supplement Fig. 4B), and erect length (Supplement Fig. 4C). Twenty studies analyzing erect length had measurements ranging from 9.50 cm to 16.78 cm. In all, 40,251 (72.1%), 44,300 (79.4%), 18,481 (33.1%) men had data reporting flaccid, stretched, and erect length, respectively. Sensitivity analyses with and without each study were performed to investigate for any size-effect influences and outlier effects, but no major differences were observed. Articles were excluded if they were based on a self-measurement and if they reported measurements done after major pelvic surgery. Penile size has been measured in several studies but no comprehensive study exists to examine geographic variation or temporal trend 12,13,14. The average erect penis length has increased over the past three decades across the world. Pooled means and standard deviations for flaccid, stretched, and erect length were obtained. He assumed that larger genital size means less sexual restraint, more frequent intercourse, and therefore more frequent procreation. Although we agree with the environmental requirements for measurements, our methodology differs, we followed standardized methods to achieve more reliable results. As to environmental conditions for measurements, Chen et al.10 is a good example to follow to avoid biases due to external situations. As to the penile measurement procedure, Habous et al.9 did not take into account sinking the prepubic fat pad when measuring penile length. In our study, patients were in supine position in the operating room at the same temperature and during anesthetic induction. Variations in the mother’s hormonal balance during pregnancy, or the individual’s hormonal response during puberty, can affect the ultimate size achieved.To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine temporal change in penile size.For Black men, this can create immense psychological pressure and anxiety related to sexual performance and identity, affecting their sexual experiences with partners.However, these measurements still fall within the medically normal range.In the same way, knowing a person’s race gives you no useful information about their penis size, especially when considering the myth of the big black dick that inaccurately represents African American men.The stretched flaccid measurement is often used because it reliably predicts fully erect length and is easier for a clinician to obtain consistently than a fully erect measurement.They noted that these differences were based on a very small number of studies involving non-Caucasian men, particularly black guys, and that more robust research is needed to draw accurate conclusions.Most men measured their penis while alone, using hand stimulation to become erect. Mean (SD) flaccid penis length was 9.47 (2.69), mean (SD) flaccid penis circumference was 9.59 (3.08), mean (SD) erect penis length was 16.78 (2.55) and mean (SD) erect penis circumference was 12.03 (3.82). Then, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the size of the penis at rest and in erection of Italian men. However, penis size is taboo in our society and in most cases the measurement is taken subjectively for comparison with colleagues or friends. In the male population, penile size is gaining importance together with the length, and the number of patients needing andrological investigation is increasing (Mondaini et al., 2002; Singal & Jain, 2016). One area that generates significant public curiosity is the geographical difference in average penile dimensions. It’s assumed around 12 cm (4.7 inches), based on global averages5. Indian men average 13.01 cm (5.12 inches). The overall average was 14.15 cm (5.57 inches). The Herbenick et al. (2014) study found no significant racial differences in the US. Over 40 studies were analyzed by German researchers to compile this data. Furthermore, a lack of standardized measurement protocols across all published papers complicates direct comparison between different studies and countries. A primary concern is self-reporting, where participants provide their own measurements, often leading to an upward bias. A 2023 meta-analysis involving over 55,000 men also revealed that the average erect length has increased by approximately 24% over the past three decades. Determining a standardized size requires a precise measurement protocol for meaningful cross-cultural comparison. Since no specific studies quantified girth overestimation, we developed a proportional approach.Rushton’s r–K life history theory of race differences in penis length and circumference examined in 113 populations.Another point to discuss is whether the stretched penile length is a good estimate of the erect penile length.Sixty-four studies analyzed stretched penile length with measurements ranging from 8.98 cm to 17.50 cm.This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, multicenter, and observational study.Studies relying on self-reported figures consistently show averages greater than those found when a healthcare professional performs the measurement.Although sexual customs have evolved over time, the importance of penile size is still a relevant issue. Patients ≤ 15 years with erectile dysfunction, previous pelvic surgery, suspected hypogonadism, penile disease or deformity were excluded. True dimensions of the penis have always aroused a lot of interest in the general population, especially for penile augmentation (Azab et al., 2021; Zhang et al., 2019). However, only 55% of men were satisfied with the size of one's penis (Lever et al., 2006). So, identifying normality is a challenge and depends on the culture, race and form of measurement applied. Average Penis Size By Race and Country: Studies and Insights Results from a systematic review with up to 15,521 males in 20 studies showed that all somatometric correlations were either inconsistent or weak while the most reliable was the association flaccid stretched length and height (Veale et al., 2015). It is important to underline that associations between penile size and somatometric parameters papers still remain controversial. Many studies have investigated the size of the penis in the past years in the world, but many of these have the bias of being very heterogeneous and with a very small sample. In particular, the height is proportional to the length of the penis in flaccidity and in erection, and to the circumference in erection. Knowing the real average size of the penis is of growing interest to perform a correct diagnostic evaluation and therapeutic choice in patients with concerns about its penis adequacy. To the best of our knowledge, no recent study has comprehensively assessed penile size in Italian men. The range of sizes within every population group is nearly identical, dispelling the myth that black men have a significantly larger average size. They noted that these differences were based on a very small number of studies involving non-Caucasian men, particularly black guys, and that more robust research is needed to draw accurate conclusions. Modern media, especially pornography, has commercialized and amplified this race-based sexual stereotype surrounding the big black male. True sexual compatibility and human value are based on connection, skill, and mutual respect, not on anatomy or harmful racial stereotypes about big penis sizes. The “stereotype about Black men and penis size” also negatively impacts men of other races by creating and fueling feelings of inadequacy, anxiety, and body image issues based on an entirely false and unrealistic standard of comparison. Fetishization occurs when a person is valued solely for a specific, often exaggerated, trait, such as penis size and race. These assumptions are unjustified as humans regularly engage in non-procreative sexual activity. Rushton’s theory has also been criticised for naïveté about sexual matters (Weizmann, et al., 1990). This has been described as a Goldilocks theory of race, in which European men are "just right," having a combination of high intelligence and a reasonable genital endowment. According to this theory, African men have the smallest brains and the largest penises, whereas Asian men are the opposite. This review by Veale et al. highlights the importance of understanding sexual health in the context of race and penis size. The stereotype about Black men and penis size is not just a curiosity; it’s a reflection of deeper societal issues related to race and sexuality that demand a factual and sensitive examination. Understanding its origins and the scientific reality is crucial to dismantling this harmful myth about average penis sizes across different races. Lynn’s theories about race rest on shaky foundations and the data sources he uses as evidence for his claims about penis sizes are untrustworthy. The “stereotype about Black men and penis size” is harmful because it fetishizes and objectifies Black men, reinforces broader racist tropes used to justify discrimination, and simultaneously creates feelings of inadequacy and anxiety for men of other races. This is the key takeaway that dismantles the “stereotype about Black men and penis size,” emphasizing that average penis size varies widely among all men, including asians and african men. The key conclusion of such studies is that the overlap in size ranges is so enormous that these minor average differences are not meaningful on an individual level. Therefore, attempting to link a complex physical trait like penis size to a fluid social construct like race is scientifically flawed from the very beginning. We enrolled patients from the outpatient clinic during andrological consultation. A total of 4,685 men from Italy and who have been visited at the Italian urology operating units were prospectively included in the study, which took place between January 2019 and January 2020 at the Careggi Hospital in Florence. A tertiary objective was to investigate the relationship between penile dimensions and somatometric parameters in the same group. It, therefore, appears that men tend to underestimate their dimensions and that they are more interested in their size than women. Himplant® is an FDA‑cleared soft, subcutaneous implant for cosmetic enhancement of the flaccid penis. Preferences cluster only slightly above average in lab studies. Your confidence and sexual function aren’t defined by averages—and options exist if you want change. European nations like the Netherlands, France, and Italy average between 6 and 6.2 inches (15.2–15.7 cm). Australia stands at 43rd with an average of 5.7 inches (14.46 cm). Veale et al.,14 in a systematic review, state that by exerting adequate pressure to stretch the penis (it may cause pain), it is possible to obtain measurements similar to those generated by an erection. To avoid variability, we stretched the penis to its maximum and depressed the prepubic pad to obtain a correct penile measurement. We used a centimeter, as it can provide more accuracy in some cases (penile circumference) and we took all measurements under the same environmental conditions. Correlations between flaccid and stretched penile length, circumference, height, BMI, age, weight, and left foot length were evaluated. To estimate the penile size of the study population, a precision calculation was performed. To measure the length of the erection, the patient was administered intracavernous drugs,9 said length may vary according to the response of each patient, not reaching its maximum length in some cases. This simple gesture considers a few hidden centimeters in the adipose tissue, thus giving more accuracy to the measurement. We have standardized the measurement method and circumstances to ensure its repeatability with different operators and locations. Percentiles of penile parameters studied are summarized in Table 1 and represented in Figure 2. A total of 800 patients were evaluated, 200 of which came from each hospital. 2,208 patients (47.1%) came from North of Italy, 907 patients (19.4%) came from Italy's centre and 1,570 patients (33.5%) came from South and Islands of Italy. Smoking patients were 1,582 (33.8%) while non‐smoking patients were 3,103 (66.2%). The study has been carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki for experiments involving humans and an informed consent has been signed from each patient. Other exclusion criteria were applied as previously reported (Sanches et al., 2018). Geographic variation is consistent with prior reports with other investigators also identifying longer measurements in sub-Saharan Africans, intermediate in Europeans, South Asians, and North Africans, and smaller in East Asians .According to this theory, African men have the smallest brains and the largest penises, whereas Asian men are the opposite.According to a major systematic review where professionals performed the measurement, the average erect length worldwide is around 13.93 centimeters, or approximately 5.5 inches.The countries with the biggest penis size clusters primarily in equatorial regions of South America and Africa.It is crucial to understand that a minor difference in a population average, such as a few millimeters, has zero predictive value for any given individual, as the range of penis sizes within every race is vast and largely identical.Fourteen studies investigated patients before prostate surgery and two evaluated cadavers. This suggests a consistent average across groups like White Americans1. Many wonder how they compare to other races. Beyond shifting ranking order, these measurement corrections also impacted our volume calculations, potentially leading to other distortions in our comparisons. Therefore, if length is overestimated by 1.3 cm, girth would be proportionally overestimated by approximately 1.1 cm. We've included these in our analysis but acknowledge that larger samples generally provide more reliable averages. A total of 4,685 men living in Italy and who have been visited at the Italian urology operating units were involved in the study between January 2019 and January 2020. The study was part of a larger research project dealing with condom fitting. Eventually, their penis length was measured with an anthropometric ruler. "It would be good for women to have good data to show, 'Hey, there's a lot of diversity for women's genitals, just like there are for men's," Herbenick said. This is the primary way the “stereotype about Black men and penis size” persists today, fueling misconceptions about large penis sizes among black men. This creates a powerful modern feedback loop, where the curated media representation seems to “confirm” the historical myth for uninformed viewers, obscuring its origins in dehumanizing propaganda about penis size and race. This constructed narrative is the foundational, racist root of the “stereotype about Black men and penis size,” which oversimplifies the differences in penis size across various ethnic groups. The historical origins of the “stereotype about Black men and penis size” are rooted in the era of slavery as a tool of dehumanization, where Black men were portrayed as hypersexual and animalistic to justify their subjugation and exploitation. Large studies show the global average erect length is ~5.1–5.2 inches (≈13.1 cm). Out of the 20 countries with largest average penis size, nine are located in Africa and five in Latin America. Most studies found no relationship between BMI and penis size. Human genetic variation is continuous and does not align neatly with the social categories we call “race,” which complicates the narrative around the average penis size of black guys versus white men, and even asians. We consider our 800-patient sample to be representative to obtain results on penile measurements of Argentine men; however, similar studies with a larger sample size should be furthered to increase accuracy and thus better advise patients. Trained medical personnel from the Department of Urology of the hospitals cited above obtained prior consent of the patient, various anthropometric measurements, namely height, weight, flaccid penile length, stretched penile length, penile base circumference, and foot length using a centimeter. The primary objective of this study is to estimate penile size parameters in Argentina and evaluate the correlation between penile size and certain anthropometric measurements. Average girth is possibly around 13 cm (5.1 inches). Black men of African descent seem to have larger than average penises. A 2014 study in the US found no significant racial differences between white men. Girth averages around 12 cm (4.7 inches). Studies do show slight differences by race. One of them is a book by Donald Templer (another self-professed race realist) called Is Size Important? The data sources that Lynn uses in his recent paper are hardly much better. Another odd data source cited by Rushton and Bogaert is an article authored by a certain “P. Rushton assumes that because K-strategies are less reproductively oriented, members of the K-selected races should have fewer children. Since no specific studies quantified girth overestimation, we developed a proportional approach. Therefore, we adopted a standardized correction approach, applying a 1.3 cm reduction in penis length when self-reported. The studies we analyzed show significant variation in sample sizes. Thailand has the smallest penis length with 9.43 cm (3.71 inches), also the smallest penis-to-height ratio at 5.49% and the smallest volume at 88.0 cm³. However, these measurements still fall within the medically normal range. Our research is of medical importance because it allows the practitioner to be aware of reference values in a studied population, which is extremely useful when a patient inquires about possible abnormality in his penile size. Like Chen et al.10 and Wessells et al.,11 we observed adequate correlation between the stretched penile length and that in erection. In our case, since all the patients were under general anesthesia, the correct extension of the penis could be achieved to measure its stretched length, for the pain and discomfort that may occur when the patient is awake are eliminated. Another point to discuss is whether the stretched penile length is a good estimate of the erect penile length. Unlike Khan et al.8 who took measurements with a rigid ruler and changed the location and conditions when measuring patients of whom some in the office with room temperature, others in the operating room under general anesthesia and ambient temperatures lower than those in an office. Different techniques have been described to measure the erect length including self-report, in office spontaneous erection, and in-office intracavernosal (i.e., penile) injection. In order to reach the erect length, a minimum tension force of 450 g a force during penile stretching is required. While erect length is fixed, investigators have noted the subjectivity and variability of stretched length. Using estimates from the metaregression model, erect penile length increased by 24% over the 29 years of observation was observed (from 12.27 cm to 15.23 cm).