The developed method was rapid, sensitive and successfully applied to the determination of steroid hormones in antler velvet samples collected from three countries. We will also discuss findings in the study of the cyclic osteoporosis of the deer, with unexpected similarities in their proteomics and gene expression with that of the human pathological osteoporosis. Deer antler velvet (DAV) supplementation purportedly increases athletic performance; however, little data support this claim. Then Choi et al., (2016) concluded that the administration of deer bone oil extract in the treatment of OA rats has a good effect and recommend it for osteoarthritis repair. According to Lee et al., (2014), the administration of deer bone extract effectively protects against bone damage and reduces the number of void erosion. After being sliced, the antlers are dried for 24 hours using Mom&Young’s patented drying method. Deer antlers are washed immediately after cut, and stored at an extremely low temperature of -55°C to avoid spoilage. Some health experts express concern, and some research supports, that this supplement may be contaminated with infectious particles called prions, which cause chronic wasting disease in deer and elk. The price of sika deer antler in the Chinese market is 10 times of that of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) antler, and the phenomenon of selling reindeer antler as red deer antler or sika deer antler often appears under the temptation of high profits. New Zealand, China, Russia, America, and Canada produce about 450, 400, 80, 20, and 20 tons of deer antler each year, respectively . The earliest records of medicinal use of deer antler date back 2000 years . However, identification of deer antler species based on traditional approaches are problematic because of their similarity in appearance and physical-chemical properties. We used linear mixed models to assess the effects of treatments (fixed effects) on the different response variables, accounting for the variability between assays within the experimental block as a random effect in the model. On the following day, the medium was replaced with freshly prepared DAV extracts (Tip#2 and Tip#5 at 0.1 and 1 mg/mL) and TMZ at 0.02 and 0.2 mg/mL. The TCA or colony-formation capacity assay is an in vitro cell survival assay where the ability of a single cell to grow into a colony following DAV treatment was studied. The IC50 was estimated by plotting various concentrations of DAV and TMZ versus the percentage of cell viability. The culture plates were kept for a further 24 h or 72 h in the cell culture incubator. Imaging and micro-CT showed that DAE could promote the healing of tibial fracture in mice, and histological analysis showed that DAE could promote the transformation of cartilage callus to bone callus in fracture area. Deer antler is a traditional Chinese medicine with the function of tonifying kidney and strengthening bone, which is often used to treat orthopedic diseases. All alternative health products or nutritional supplements should be subjected to randomized placebo-controlled trials to determine efficacy. We conclude that in normal males there was no advantage in taking deer velvet to enhance sexual function. Linear mixed models to assess the effects of treatments were used. (b) Dose-dependent representation for T98G (left) and HACAT (right) cell lines following 72 h treatment with TMZ. The treatment of T98G and HACAT cell lines with TMZ showed a dose-dependent toxicity leading to an IC50 of approximately 0.1 mg/mL (500 µM) (P 2b). All about Deer Antler Extract. Either way, the aim is sublingual absorption, where compounds inside can absorb into your bloodstream under the tongue, rather than the deer antler going through digestion. With deer antler, its use goes back for at least a few thousand years as it is listed in Shen Nong’s classic, one of the first herbal books in Chinese medicine. There is not as strong of a tradition in using elk antler as there is with deer antler. Lest any vegans get up in arms about this, know that because they don’t have their antlers, these deer don’t fight, so less get injured and die. These deer have their antlers sawed off while under analgesia. For wound scratch test, with a marker pen in 6 holes behind the plate with a ruler to draw a uniform line, about every 1 cm draw one, each hole 3, inoculate 1 ml per well at a density of 500,000 cells ml−1. The cells were inoculated in a 96-well culture plate at a density of 3000 cells/100μL, with three replicate wells in each group. The expression levels of the identified DEGs were further validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). • Increased muscle mass and strength• Faster recovery times• Increased endurance threshold• Decreased fat mass• Improved athletic performance After all, many products are heralded as miracles but few have the scientific evidence to back it up. Thousands of people ordered this miracle new product in the hopes of boosting their performance and increasing their muscle mass. Further multi-omics study, including microbiomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, is necessary for each therapeutic effect to clarify what bioactive components modulate which signaling pathways via alternation of specific microbial composition and metabolites. In the future, the parameters affecting VA therapeutic effects with bioactive compounds should be identified. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) is a glycoprotein produced by prostate cells. Therefore, prevention involving food science technology which has no side effects is a potentially effective strategy. The active components in deer Antler Extract, such as growth factors and certain vitamins, are thought to stimulate the body's metabolism. However, it should be noted that the use of such supplements should be in accordance with proper guidelines to avoid any potential health risks. Deer Antler Extract contains amino acids and peptides that are beneficial for muscle growth and repair. An antler’s rapid growth is mainly achieved through the activity of cells residing in the proliferation zone, i.e., the reserve mesenchyme (RM). In late spring and early summer, rapid antler growth occurs and antlers are covered with velvet skin in their growing phase. However, deer antlers provide a rare anomaly to this rule. While velvet antler supplements are generally considered safe, some individuals may experience side effects such as upset stomach, dizziness, or allergic reactions. Furthermore, while velvet antler supplements are generally considered safe, they may cause side effects such as upset stomach, dizziness, and headache. They also explain the extraction process, including the solvents used and any purification steps. They provide detailed information about the sourcing, extraction methods, and product composition to their clients. For example, they can offer different forms of the extract, such as powders or capsules, depending on the preferences of their clients. In the nutraceutical and sports nutrition industries, they are able to customize their products. These suppliers can provide products that meet the strict regulatory requirements of the pharmaceutical sector. Deer Antler Velvet: My first-hand review of this Powerhouse Supplement for Fitness, Recovery, and Overall Health The results of this study showed that deer antler had a positive effect on bone tissue both in vivo and in vitro. By following this guide on how to choose deer antler extract wisely, consumers can make confident, informed decisions that balance effectiveness, safety, and value. Interest in deer antler extract has grown significantly among athletes, fitness enthusiasts, and aging adults seeking drug-free ways to improve stamina and mobility. We found that active new hair growth occurred around the area of wound healing. The levels of IGF-I in the treatment skins showed higher quantification than control skins. The level of expression in the control skin at day 0 was 1.00, taken as the reference level. To quantify the expression of mRNA encoding IGF-I during the hair promotion process, we utilized a real-time PCR system that involved measuring the comparative expression of IGF-I (Figure 3B). A sham procedure in which only a certain amount of fat was removed without ovariectomy was performed on the Con group mice. Under sterile conditions and anesthesia, a bilateral ovariectomy was dislodged to induce osteoporosis in the mice in the Mod, Pir, and VAE groups. Forty 12‐week‐old female SPF ICR mice were housed at a conventional temperature (22–25°C) with a 12‐hour light/12‐hour dark cycle and unrestricted access to food and water. After homogenization, the mixture was ultrasonically extracted for 30 min in an ice bath, and the supernatant was extracted by centrifugation at 3500 rpm for 15 min at 4°C. Because many patients have lost bone mass before receiving treatment, it is more necessary to accelerate bone formation to treat osteoporosis. Company I has a significant influence in the geriatric health market. This method involves spinning the deer Antler Extract at high speeds to separate the active components from the impurities. Company H has a global influence in the high - end health product market. Their product innovation includes the development of deer Antler Extract in combination with probiotics. With the increasing global awareness of health and the growing demand for natural nutraceuticals, Chinese deer antler extract manufacturers are presented with excellent market expansion opportunities. For example, some studies have focused on the potential role of deer antler extract in promoting wound healing, due to the presence of growth factors. Additionally, the study provided insights into the modulation of gutmicrobiota composition, revealing the potential of antler velvet extract,specifically FAVU, to foster the growth of commensal bacteria. Today, the supplement is sourced from the soft, velvety layer of tissue that covers deer antlers during their rapid growth phase. How do I verify the quality of a deer antlers extract product? Deer antler velvet, rich in essential nutrients and bioactive compounds, has shown potential benefits in improving muscle strength, endurance, and overall tissue health. But have you Ever wondered why Bucked Up includes deer antler velvet in their supplements? When you’re ready to learn more about the benefits of deer antler velvet, make sure to contact the experts at Vigor Labs online! Further studies that investigate alternative extraction methods may show even greater anti-cancer activities of DAV. Below, representative histogram plots of cell cycle distribution showing DNA content in each phase. 5a, bar graphs represent the results of T98G cell cycle analysis and representative histogram plots were highlighted below. Meanwhile, there are natural inhibitors of MMPs, a group of peptidases involved in degradation of the extracellular matrix, that is, TIMPs. Velvet antler has been recorded in Chinese medical classics, such as ShenNong Ben Cao Jing 2000 years ago. This is the first study of DVA to report the anti-migration activity on prostate cancer. With the right approach, this ancient remedy can help you unlock a new level of health and vitality. The rich nutrient profile of deer antler extract may also have a positive impact on the immune system, strengthening the body’s ability to fend off illnesses and infections. A central component of deer antler extract is Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) and Insulin-like Growth Factor-2 (IGF-2). One such supplement, deer antler extract, has been gaining traction lately. Deer antler extract is believed to have a variety of health benefits, including boosting the immune system, increasing energy and stamina, promoting muscle growth and repair, and improving sexual function. DAPs can also significantly upregulate the expression of glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and nerve growth factor NGF, suggesting the neuroprotective effect of DAPs after stroke 103,104. In addition, DAPs effectively alleviated the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and elevated ROS in neuronal cells and also inhibited the activation of the Ca2+-calpain-caspase-12 pathway . Studies on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells showed that DAPs activated the BMP-2/Smad1,5/Runx2 pathway, increased extracellular matrix mineralization, and promoted the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts . In addition, decreased levels of IL-1 and IL-6 were detected in several chondrocyte and osteoblast-like cells, inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and osteoclast formation . Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are the two main bone cells involved in bone remodeling, and the cellular activity between them is a key factor in maintaining the balance among bone resorption and bone formation . Many users find that deer antler supplementation helps them sleep better. This includes growth hormone and testosterone, which are both important for muscle building, fat loss, and overall energy levels. The way deer antler supplements work in your body is remarkable. The study reveals that the ethanol extract contains higher concentrations of bioactive compounds by 35% compared to the aqueous extract. After therapeutic intervention for two weeks, AE significantly inhibited prostate cancer xenograft tumor growth by 65.08%, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and serum dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels. This paper examines recent studies showing surprising applications in medicine of growing-antler extracts, or the information regarding its physiology. However, antler must have the most efficient anti-oxidant system, as it rarely shows any departure from a perfect growth. Not only DAV extract was not toxic against non-cancerous cells, but it increased HEK293 cell proliferation at 72 h. However, the fact that antlers grow from the tip of the beam and tines30,31,32 led us to postulate that the expression of tumour suppressor genes and related bioactive molecules, should be greater in the tip compared to other parts of the antler. Thus, in addition to proto-oncogenes specific to osteosarcoma, deer antler may also contain factors that specifically suppress cancers of the other fast-growing tissues in the antler such as skin, nerves, or blood vessels. The DAV anti-tumour effects shown in T98G cells may be at least partly explained by a small induction of cell apoptosis. Thus, deer antler may exert their effects on PMOP by regulating these signaling pathways.These include the need for more rigorous clinical trials to substantiate traditional claims, challenges in standardizing extracts, and sustainability concerns regarding sourcing.Growth factors and peptides naturally present in antler velvet appear to encourage cell proliferation at the follicular level.Another previous study, however, showed that sialic acid played an important role in hematopoietic spleen colony formation .Bone metabolism is a lifelong process that occurs because mature bone tissue is lost (osteoclast activity) and new bone tissue is formed (osteoblast activity).Table 1 shows the list of genes in each pathway which was regulated by FSDTAE in skeletal muscle of mice.Then, the antlers as a whole will fall off at some point.We obtained the GO functional enrichment analysis of the 233 potential targets, and the results are shown in Figure 4.As deer velvet has a wide spectrum of human benefits it is very unlikely that there is one single active ingredient. What Does Deer Antler Extract Do For You Furthermore, data from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) indicates that as men age, their levels of testosterone, a key hormone responsible for energy and sexual health, tend to decrease. Deer antler extract may interact with certain medications, particularly those that affect blood pressure or hormones. Deer antler extract is a controversial substance due to conflicting evidence regarding its efficacy and safety. Using deer antler glycosaminoglycan extracts in skincare products can help improve the appearance of the skin, reducing the signs of aging such as wrinkles and sagging. Many peptides in deer antler extracts have been shown to possess anti - inflammatory properties. Some proteins in deer antler extracts may also play a role in hormone regulation. The calcium in deer antler extracts can be easily absorbed by the body. Total RNAs were isolated from skeletal muscle tissues around implanted regions with RNeasy Mini kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). Blood was collected by retroorbital bleeding from mice for the measurement of lactic acid (LA) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum was obtained by centrifugation at 3000 g for 15 min at 4°C for the measurement of glucose (Glu). On the last day of the preliminary period, the mice that had been deprived of food overnight were subjected to exhaustion, and the swimming capacity was measured. However, it's crucial to ensure that the source of deer antlers is legal and sustainable. This extract is believed to possess a range of potential health benefits, such as anti - inflammatory properties, enhanced immune function, and increased energy levels. The extract may either enhance or interfere with the effects of these medications, which could have potential consequences for your health. The extract may contain components that can stimulate bone - forming cells, known as osteoblasts. They understand that the effectiveness of deer antler extract depends on the preservation of its active components. As we look forward to 2024, the deer antler extract market is set to be dominated by ten remarkable manufacturers. Effective nutrient absorption ensures that the body can make the most of the benefits of deer antler extract and other components, enhancing their overall impact. The study unfolds the repercussions of deer antler velvet extracton the lifespan, neuromuscular functions, and cognitive abilities of C.elegans. Employing a diverse array ofprocessing methods, this study prioritizes both food safety and the consistentintake of deer antler velvet extracts. All types of deer that grow antlers are potential sources of deer antler velvet. Deer antler extract, also known as deer antler velvet, is a natural substance derived from the antlers of male deer. Anti - Aging Effects The active sites of enzymes make their differences in substrate–enzyme interaction, which results in the variation of different enzymolysis products. At present, Alcalase, Protamex, Pepsin, and Trypsin have been reported to be used to extract DAPs. Moreover, the composition of water extracts is very complex, which affects more in-depth studies. It is outside the scope of this review to detail these but the overwhelming conclusion is that there are active ingredients in velvet antler which act on peripheral nerve endings.Velvet antler is also an important crop in Russia, with significant exports to Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong and Thailand, however, North American elk antler is prized throughout Asia because it is considered by many to be more potent than the more commonly available deer antler.For instance, one type might be more focused on promoting muscle strength, while another could be better for hormonal balance.Additionally, alterations of proteins of redox regulation directly affected energetic and metabolic pathways suggesting a key role in this model of deer antler regeneration.New Zealand, China, Russia, America, and Canada produce about 450, 400, 80, 20, and 20 tons of deer antler each year, respectively .Morphological changes according to the effect of antler extracts on muscle differentiation were confirmed by Jenner-Giemsa staining.ASCs appear to be progenitor cells derived from ABPCs, and although the exact differences are unclear, they provide a potential avenue for anti-aging therapy .The human prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 media, supplemented with 10% FBS, 1% penicillin/streptomycin in a 5% CO2 atmosphere at 37℃.Thymosin β10 (TMSB10) expression in deer antlers promotes angiogenesis and cartilage and nerve growth . While there are very likely similarities, it is possible there are some key differences between species, and thus not every deer antler velvet extract product will be the same. Another group received deer antler velvet extract powder. A different study featured velvet antler polypeptides (VAPs) and their effects on neural stem cells from rat brains. If you’re looking to take full advantage of these benefits and more, learn more about Black Antler by Vigor Labs, a top-shelf deer antler velvet supplement. This was reported by those who combined deer antler velvet with other powerful natural supplements. If you’ve been looking for the infamous “fountain of youth,” deer antler velvet may be the closest you can get. Both cellular and in vivo experiments demonstrated the resistance of DAPs to oxidative damage. In addition, DAPs inhibited cell death, ROS production, and lipid peroxidation in Zebrafish larvae . In the Human hepatocyte-derived cell model of AAPH-induced injury, DAPs resist ROS elevation and cellular damage . 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride(AAPH)-induced oxidative stress may lead to elevated ROS, lipid peroxidation, and cell death. What is the recommended dosage of velvet antler extract? First, this study lacks pathological analysis of animal model by performing the histological, behavioral, and biochemical evaluations; further experiments in the future still need to be carried out to investigate the effects of DAE on osteoarthritis model to get insight into their exact roles in regulating cartilage repair and regeneration. Deer antler is a fantastic mammalian appendage with characteristics of rapid growth and annually regeneration 7–9. Most notably, it assists to support healthy aging as well as supporting strengthening and toning muscles. These molecules participate in a series of processes such as cellular differentiation, apoptosis, metabolism, and inflammation and can ultimately be used to treat PMOP; they reflect the overall regulation, network regulation, and protein interactions. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and micro-CT were used to observe the changes in trabecular bone tissue, further confirming the results of network pharmacological analysis. Velvet antler and its preparations have been widely used in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) in recent years, although its mechanism of action in the human body remains unclear. While oral intake rarely affects blood levels, elite athletes should proceed with caution and verify with their organization. Quality control is a top priority for Manufacturer B. They have implemented a comprehensive quality management system that covers every stage of the production process. Many users have reported positive results after using their products, which has further enhanced its standing in the industry. Customers often praise the consistency and purity of its deer Antler Extract. Its products are highly regarded in the market. For the situation that the species of deer antlers is confusing and difficult to identify, it is very difficult to distinguish the species in traditional approaches (e.g., microscopic identification and physical and chemical identification), and a method with strong specificity and high detection efficiency is urgently needed to solve this problem. Because all these seven species of deer antlers have different value, but it is hard to tell them apart because of their similarity, they have become the research objects of our experiment. Besides, Eurasian elk (Alces alces) antlers are also used to pretend to be red deer antler and sika deer antler in deer horn gelatin production. NutriNZ Deer Antler Velvet contain more than 40 compounds with 396 bioactive ingredients, making it the most comprehensive deer antler velvet supplement available. But with so many options available, how do you choose the best deer antler velvet supplement? No harm comes to the animals, which are kept in optimum health, enabling us to consistently produce the highest quality velvet antler extract each year. Extracellular matrix develops into callus through vascularization and mineralization to produce cancellous bone.Also, brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, biomarkers of oxidative stress and the loss of neuronal cells in the hippocampus, was evaluated by histological examinations.Glucosamine has the function to restore components that produce the extracellular matrix of cartilage and prevent further cartilage degradation along with activating IL-1β and chondrocytes activation (Fajardo & Di Cesare 2005).Elegans and upregulate Protein skinhead-1 (SKN-1), heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF-1), Fork-head domain-containing protein (DAF-16), SOD-3 , which have been reported to have critical effects in regulating β-amyloid toxicity 96,97.The Pure Solutions products are ideal for experienced users who want maximum potency.Deer antler may therefore provide a potential new treatment to promote hair regrowth.I found that velvet antler extract can improve the serum biochemical indexes, bone microstructure, and intestinal flora of osteoporosis model mice.Metastasis is the process by which a tumor cell leaves its primary location, travels to another via the circulatory system and establishes a secondary tumor.Previously, our research group demonstrated the beneficial effect of deer antler on wound healing in a rat model . This result indicated that anti-oxidant/redox regulating proteins at VA tip are important during deer antler regeneration due to high metabolic and growth rate with subsequent risk of oxidative stress.33 However, if higher anti-oxidative proteins at VA tips possess better anti-oxidative effect than other VA sections, it still needs more studies to verify it. Summarize the studies in therapeutic effect of deer velvet antler using multi-omics strategies. What is 5 measly milligrams of antler velvet extract going to do for you? For many years, RNA-seq has become an essential tool for studying the dynamic and complex characteristics of the transcriptome, especially for the mRNA molecules, which encode proteins following the central dogma of molecular biology 26, 27. 2; the significant enriched pathways were predominantly mapped to thyroid hormone signaling pathway, protein digestion and absorption, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, nitrogen metabolism, ECM-receptor interaction, and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). As shown in Table 1, 39,698,758 (Blank group) and 40,202,822 (DAE group) clean reads were obtained after trimming away the low-quality and adapter sequences, respectively, and the quality control results showed that the Q30 value was greater than 94%, and the GC content was around 51%. The clinical application potential of VAE is immense, and we’re excited our customers can offer this unique supplement to their patients. Through this collaboration, Natural Partners’ healthcare practitioners now have direct access to one of the most bio-available superfoods in the professional marketplace. “Because of their vertically integrated business model, we knew for certain BioProtein’s sourcing demonstrated the highest level of integrity, purity and quality assurance. The competitive landscape of the deer antler extract market is characterized by the presence of several established players and emerging companies. The market in Europe is forecasted to grow steadily, with a CAGR of 6.8%, as awareness and acceptance of deer antler extract continue to rise. Europe also presents a promising market for deer antler extract, characterized by a growing interest in traditional and alternative medicine. North America is another significant market for deer antler extract, fueled by the increasing trend of natural and organic supplements. In this study, we investigate for first time the relationship between wound healing and hair promotion by treatment with deer antler extracts. In order to investigate and evaluate the effects of red deer antlers on hair growth in the full-thickness wound healing model, Sprague-Dawley rats were given incision wounds through the full thickness of their dorsal skin and deer antler was applied for 40 days. Early research into deer antler velvet reveals promising applications beyond traditional athletic performance enhancement. Ultrasonic waves are used to disrupt the deer antler tissue, facilitating the release of active components. This method uses specific enzymes to break down the deer antler tissue, releasing the active components in a more natural and bioavailable form. Recognizing the potential of deer Antler Extract for skin health, they have created creams and serums that claim to improve skin elasticity and reduce wrinkles. It is still a great challenge to develop safe and effective drugs for osteoporosis treatment and bone tissue regeneration (Barcelos et al., 2021; Janiszewska et al., 2014). However, long‐term use of estrogen in postmenopausal women, such as 17‐estradiol, may cause various side effects, such as gastrointestinal tolerance, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, or endometrial cancer. Clinical studies have shown that the severity of bone loss correlates with the diversity of the gut microbiome (Das et al., 2019). Seven types of cancer cell lines, including breast, lung, stomach, colon, prostate, bladder, and kidney cancers, were tested with various chemotherapeutic drugs and their combinations with DF.Correlation of chemical composition in deer antlers with endurance swimming duration.The aim of this study was to evaluate the combinatorial effect of the bioactive immunomodulatory compound (BAIC), obtained by combining Wasabi and AHCC, on human breast (MCF-7) and pancreatic (Panc02) adenocarcinoma cell lines.As a result of a 0.25–2 mM treatment of AICAR to create a muscle atrophymodel in myoblast cells, AMPK expression increased in an AICARconcentration-dependent manner (Fig. 5).C2C12 cells showed no cytotoxicity when treated with 2 mM of AICAR (data notshown).Medical applications based on ASCs and ASC-derived molecules provide a new source of stem cells and therapeutic modalities for regenerative medicine.Additionally, it ensures a longer - term supply for users who need a continuous intake of the extract for its potential health benefits.However, the rapid growth may not always result in the same quality as that of wild - caught deer. They have innovated by creating deer Antler Extract products for pets. Their products are sold in major supermarkets and health stores across different continents, appealing to consumers who are interested in natural and healthy food options. Their product innovation includes the development of deer Antler Extract - based skincare products. Oxidative stress causes free radicals to attack nerve cells , leading to catastrophic neurodegeneration, and exacerbates the production and aggregation of β-amyloid and phosphorylation of tau proteins 88,89, which predisposes to a vicious pathogenic cycle of neurodegenerative diseases. Proteomic analysis identified 192 upregulated proteins, of which all differentially expressed proteins related to intracellular transport, secretion, chromatin structure, and cytoskeleton were expressed at elevated levels. The therapeutic effect of DAPs on arthritis may be attributed to the inhibition of inflammation and modulation of the extracellular matrix, as well as blocking the recruitment of inflammatory cells at the joint. During the study periods, the mean daily food consumption was calculated by dividing the weekly consumption amount by 7 days. Body weights were measured just before first administration, once a week during the study period, at the day of the last administration and on the day of necropsy. Thereafter, the middle and low dose levels were selected at 1000 and 500 mg/kg/day, respectively. When determining the 4-week repeated dose range, no test substance-related effects were observed at 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day. Many health food stores and specialty supplement shops stock deer antler velvet products, often alongside other natural remedies and wellness supplements. One study published in the International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism in 2003 examined the effects of deer antler velvet on aerobic performance and muscular endurance. The findings suggest no erythropoietic benefits from deer antler velvet supplementation; future studies should investigate its potential effects in individuals undergoing concurrent aerobic training. In short, Bucked Up's inclusion of deer antler velvet is rooted in the compound's nutrient richness and potential health benefits. Through an in-depth analysis, we aim to provide a broad understanding of the role of deer antler velvet extract in pre-workout formulations and its potential impact on exercise performance and recovery. It is believed to possess potential health - enhancing properties. Deer antler extract has a long history in some traditional medicine systems around the world. Manufacturer 5 collaborates with leading universities and research institutions to study the pharmacology of the extract. Also, they have a research department to study product health benefits. This combination of affordability and quality makes their products accessible to a wide range of consumers. Possessing a slightly granular texture and exhibiting a yellow-brown ring at the periphery, they are comparatively coarser than powdered slices, indicating inferior quality (Figure 2C). The fishy flavor is subtly present, accompanied by a subtle hint of salinity, suggesting a lower quality in comparison to wax slices (Figure 2B). The color of the substance is a waxy yellow, exhibiting a crystalline appearance reminiscent of beeswax, which signifies its exceptional quality (Figure 2A). To prepare the histological slices, samples of leg muscle were first fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, then embedded in paraffin and subsequently sectioned. One of the main reasons athletes and fitness enthusiasts turn to deer antler spray is for its ability to enhance muscle growth and improve recovery times. This technique uses mechanical and thermal processes to extract the active components from deer antler, eliminating the need for potentially harmful solvents. Many users give positive feedback about reindeer antler extract. The color of the substance is a waxy yellow, exhibiting a crystalline appearance reminiscent of beeswax, which signifies its exceptional quality (Figure 2A).Pricing pressures are also a challenge, as competition grows within the health and wellness segment.NT-3, more so than other nerve growth factors, is active on more receptors, meaning that it can potentially stimulate more neurons.Rapid antler bone growth occurs through a combination of modified endochondral ossification within each antler distal tip following cartilage formation, and intramembranous ossification within the shaft which increases antler diameter 6,54.If properly studied and developed, deer antler extract could be a part of the natural - product - based economy.This suggests that FSDTAE might increase fatigue tolerance through upregulated Tnnt1 and Tnni1 expression.Researchers continue to study the potential for other uses, such as treating osteoarthritis or preventing fatigue. This natural extract is rich in a variety of nutrients and bioactive compounds that offer numerous potential benefits. Deer antler extract has been used for centuries in various cultures around the world. Also, their production processes are often compliant with international standards, which helps in maintaining high - quality products. They ensure quality by using advanced extraction techniques to preserve the active components. Deer Bone Extract Prevents Against Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice Much of the research on antler velvet in recent years focuses on the unique function of antler polypeptides. There is also reference to earlier use of deer antler in an archeological find (a set of silk scrolls named Wushier Bingfang, from a tomb dated 168 B.C.).” ~ Dr. Subhuti Dharmananda “The story of deer antler can be traced back to the first Chinese Materia Medica, Shennong Bencao Jing (ca. 100 A.D.), where it is described briefly. The term “velvet” denotes the antler’s immature stage of growth. The term antler velvet is perhaps misleading. Velvet antler supplements may also contain contaminants, such as heavy metals, if not sourced from reputable manufacturers. Look for products that are sourced from reputable manufacturers and have undergone third-party testing for purity and potency. Velvet antler supplements may interact with certain medications, and their safety during pregnancy or breastfeeding is not established. Many studies have shown that water-soluble antler extracts play pivotal roles in wound healing, immune system modulation, anti-oxidation, and anti-inflammation. The major bioactive components within the antlers are water-soluble proteins, polypeptides, and free amino acids. This will allow the nanocapsules to be transported to the pathological site in the treatment of relevant diseases, the drug to bind to the relevant receptors located in the target cells, the drug release rate, and the high pharmacotherapeutic effect. These alterations suggest that the administration of antler velvetholds promise in alleviating symptoms induced by disease, particularly bymodulating the hyperimmune response triggered by the accumulation ofβ-amyloid peptide in C. Prior to the coculture, NK cells were treated with FAV upper extract (100µg/mL) 24 h prior. The YAC-1 lymphoma cell line obtained from mice, the Raw264.7 macrophage cellline from mice, and the NK92MI NK cell line employed in this study were sourcedfrom the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). Subsequently, each antler velvet sample was segmented into U, M,and B components. With the continuous development of extraction technology and scientific research, it is expected that more high - quality deer antler extract products will be developed. They collaborate with research institutions to further explore the potential health benefits of deer antler extract. This way, the antlers obtained from these domestic deer farms are of high quality, which is the foundation for the production of high - quality deer antler extract. There is also an increasing focus on standardizing the extraction methods to ensure consistent quality and potency of deer antler extract products. Some of the nutrients in deer antler extract, such as certain amino acids and peptides, can support the function of immune cells like lymphocytes and macrophages. And Leon Popovitz, an orthopedic surgeon at New York Bone & Joint Specialists, told National Geographic that a recent study found IGF-1 supplements could be linked to improving cartilage damage in joints due to repetitive trauma. A small study of questionable merit (it has never been scientifically reviewed or published in any journal) claims weightlifters who used the supplement for 10 weeks had some measurable strength gains when compared with weightlifters who were given a placebo, CNBC reports. According to the Baltimore Sun, IGF-1 is approved "to treat a rare form of dwarfism known as Laron syndrome and in other cases where children fail to produce or process growth hormone." The expression of migration-related genes using RT-PCR and Western blot.mRNA (A to E)… The expression of migration-related genes… Some studies suggest it may have potential in enhancing the immune system, which could be beneficial in the development of drugs for immune - related disorders. In the pharmaceutical industry, Antler Extract may be used for its potential anti - inflammatory properties. Also, there is a trend towards more refined extraction methods to enhance its purity and effectiveness. Antler Extract has emerged as a product with significant potential in recent years. The findings in this study illustrate the possibility of a new treatment for human baldness during the wound healing process. Still unsure which deer antler velvet is the best one for you? Our best selling deer antler velvet supplement is by far the Premium Antler Extract. At Pure Velvet Extracts, we are often asked which deer antler velvet supplement is the best. Deer antlers are rich in various bioactive components, making Antler Extract a valuable ingredient for different applications. If hair growth can be effectively controlled, then people with alopecia can potentially find a cure. Weger and Schlake (2005) in their study demonstrated that in the transgenic expression of IGF-I in murine skin, some follicles are extraordinarily elongated and hair shafts are longer than their wild-type counterparts. The properties of Wnt proteins, on the other hand, make them excellent candidates as regulators of hair follicle development and hair growth (Reddy et al., 2001). Estrogen is a key hormone in the female body, and imbalances can lead to various health issues such as menstrual irregularities and menopausal symptoms. This can lead to increased muscle mass, improved strength, and enhanced libido. The findings of the study can be of interest to dietary supplement producers. We argue that circular percolation provides dietary supplement producers with more opportunities, as with this method, the obtained extract is richer in biologically active compounds. Nowadays, many extracts are produced to ensure the availability of dietary supplements to consumers worldwide. Kim et al. utilized11 Bacillus sp., 4 Lactobacillus sp., and 6mushroom stains (Cordyceps militaris) to evaluate the growth inantler medium. The cycle threshold valueswere normalized against the β-actin gene expressionlevels. Cellviability values were normalized to those of the cells from the untreatedcontrol groups. Red blood cells wereremoved by incubating purified cells in Red blood cell lysis buffer (A ,GIBCO, Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 3 min. The tissues were disaggregated via passage through a 40 µm cellstrainer in RPMI-1640 medium (SH30027, Hyclone, Logan, UT, USA) containing 10%fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% antibiotics and the cells were purified bycentrifugation at 1,000×g for 10 min at 4°C. Interestingly, the differentiation characteristics of ASCs differ depending on the timing of extraction from the antler tip. Stem cell factor receptor (C-KIT) and stem cells antigen (SCA)-1 are markers of embryonic stem cells and tissue-specific stem cells, respectively, and have been observed in more than 70% of ASCs . Multi-lineage differentiation Studies have shown that ASCs have the molecular characteristics of pluripotent and multipotent stem cells . IGF-1 supports protein synthesis, healthy circulation, and muscle repair, among several other functions as well. This hormone, like growth hormone, is responsible for developing our body, especially our muscles. Additionally, VA samples from different deer species, physiological conditions, VA sections, preparation methods, and storage conditions could significantly affect the therapeutic effects, which limit to generate a consistent omic data in different batch samples. Because DAV contains IGF-1, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) initially responded to these scandals by releasing a blanket ban on all DAV products—which has since been removed after DAV was shown to carry only trace amounts of the growth hormone.2The deer antler extract may contain a variety of bioactive components, one of the most notable being growth factors.Deer antler spray — a supplement commonly used in the fitness and sports industries that has a long history of use in Eastern medicine — is pretty much as strange as it sounds.Many people feel more energetic when they start taking deer antler supplements.Antler velvet, a soft substance that regenerates deer antlers, contains chondroitin sulfate and collagen, known for their role in joint repair and cartilage maintenance.It is believed to boost the body's energy levels, improve the immune system, and promote overall health. However, more research is needed to fully understand the effects of these growth factors on human health. The antlers are then dried and processed into various forms, such as powders, capsules, and extracts, for use in traditional Chinese medicine. While there is limited scientific research on the effectiveness of velvet antler, some studies have shown promising results. Moreover, U-DVA also suppressed the expression of an angiogenesis-related gene. This study demonstrated that U-DVA attenuated one of the key markers of prostate cancer, PSA. New blood vessel formation (i.e., angiogenesis) is an essential event in the process of tumor growth and metastatic dissemination49. Tumor neovascularization can be initiated by neoplastic cell hypoxia which induces the activity of the gene encoding VEGF and the influence of VEGF on neovascularization has also been attributed to some MMPs such as MMP-945. In addition, Clark et al.39 reported deer velvet extract promotes angiogenesis to improve wound healing. Previously conducted studies of bioactive compounds and biological activities of velvet antler32. Damage to cells caused by free radicals, especially damage to DNA may play a role in the development of cancer and other health conditions30,31. It is also necessary for the formation of connective tissues and bones. It is important for immune function, wound healing, and normal growth and development. Adequate calcium intake can help prevent bone fractures and maintain proper bone density. Calcium is an essential mineral for maintaining strong bones and teeth. Another significant function of nucleotide extracts is their impact on the immune system. Morphological and histological studies have shown that the growth center of regenerating antlers (Figure 2C) is initially formed by the proliferation and differentiation of pedicle periosteum cells (PPCs).For example, they could potentially stimulate the growth of cells in damaged tissues, which may be beneficial for wound healing.Docking analysis shows the potent antler extract compound mediated inhibition of MET kinase.Tumor neovascularization can be initiated by neoplastic cell hypoxia which induces the activity of the gene encoding VEGF and the influence of VEGF on neovascularization has also been attributed to some MMPs such as MMP-945.For example, it may stimulate the production of immune cells such as lymphocytes and macrophages in the body.They are the magnificent racks of branched bone held proudly on the heads of stags during the breeding season.One of the key components found in deer antler extract is Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1), which plays a crucial role in cell growth and regeneration.Deer antler extract is a natural product with a wide range of potential benefits. Yes, there are often regulations regarding deer antler extract products. For example, some good brands source their deer antlers from healthy deer in sustainable environments and use advanced extraction methods. To ensure the quality of deer antler extract, you can look for brands with strict quality control. Focal adhesion is the contact point that attaches chondrocytes to the pericellular cartilage matrix and links to intracellular organelles via cytoskeleton, and is involved in multiple cellular activities such as migration, proliferation, and gene expression . In order to deeply investigate the effects of DAE on xiphoid cartilage, we further analyzed the expression patterns of genes participated in chondrogenesis and chondrocyte proliferation. Comparison of gene expression patterns of DEGs participated in cartilage growth and regeneration The relative mRNA expression levels were calculated according to the 2−ΔΔCT algorithm, and the rat glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (Gapdh) was applied as a reference gene for normalization . Yeh et al.21 showed that Cur liposomes, as samples, inhibited NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages and prevented osteoclast differentiation by increasing the OPG/RANKL ratio and decreasing cathepsin K regulation and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase expression. Bone metabolism is a lifelong process that occurs because mature bone tissue is lost (osteoclast activity) and new bone tissue is formed (osteoblast activity). Histochemical staining of mineral deposition of samples at 10, 50, and 100 μg/mL; Et-TL was 70% ethanol extract, A-TL was aqueous extract. The stains on ARS represented mineral deposits and were quantified by cetylpyridinium chloride extraction. When beginning any natural supplementation regiment or integrative treatment, the advice of professionally licensed healthcare providers is advisable to seek.These are the ones that can meet the high - quality standards demanded by industrial users, ensure a reliable supply chain, and provide excellent customer service.Toxicological evaluation of New Zealand deer antler velvet powder.Choosing the right deer antlers extract requires careful evaluation of source, processing, testing, and intended use.Additionally, some research suggests that velvet antler may have anti-cancer properties, although more studies are needed to confirm this.They can advise on potential benefits and risks.Clcn3 is a highly expressed channel protein in chondrocytes during cartilage development and plays a key role in cell volume regulation .These results suggest that DAE plays a role by regulating renal homeostasis and improving bone mineral density, which also verifies the “kidney governing bone” theory at the molecular level. Traditional Chinese medicine also used deer antler velvet. The use of reindeer antler velvet started long ago in Siberia. Reindeer antler velvet has a rich history in folk medicine, especially in Siberia. Reindeer antler velvet contains various nutrients. Research suggests deer antler velvet may have anti-inflammatory properties. This balance could be modified to change the activity in bone cells in the treatment of bone diseases . In the case of the deer rib (compared to the middle antler section), the need to bind Wnt would be related to intense bone remodeling caused by annual osteoporosis. Borsy et al. assessed the gene expression of deer ribs (one of the most prominent bones suffering such osteoporosis) and bones of human patients searching for an osteoporosis model. Despite this, only a few cases of bone tumours have been reported in antlers 5, 6 and it has been suggested that developing antlers are particularly resistant to tumour formation 5, 7. They can be programmed to act against specific cell growth factors to interfere with the growth of cancer cells. Differentiation/transdifferentiation of malignant cells in high grade tumor mass could serve as a nonaggressive approach that potentially limits tumor progression and augments chemosensitivity. These approaches are not closely related to the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with velvet antler. Zhao, Q. C., Kiyohara, H., Nagai, T., and Yamada, H. Structure of the complement-activating proteoglycan from the pilose antler of Cervus nippon Temminck. You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult your pharmacist or physician or other healthcare professional before using. People expecting muscle-building results comparable to prohormones or SARMs.Antler regrowth is linked to the reproductive cycle and appears to be regulated systemically by the sex hormones, including testosterone and oestrogen (Table 1).They work with healthcare providers to develop products tailored to specific patient populations, such as those with joint problems or immune - system deficiencies.The BV/TV ratio is an important parameter in the evaluation of the microstructure of the trabecular bone .In this study, we investigated the effects of DAE on kidney and bone using RNA-Seq technology combined with micro-CT.Supplementing with deer antler extract may yield several potential benefits.One common method involves simmering the deer antlers in water and/or alcohol for many hours to extract the beneficial compounds.For example, the quality of deer antlers used as raw materials must meet certain standards in terms of freshness, size, and chemical composition.Company C has been innovative in creating customized deer Antler Extract products. Clean product - For those who want to be reassured about the safety of deer antlersEnergy boost - For those who want to lead a healthy, young, and energetic lifeHealthcare - For those who need to take care of their health and improve a rundown immune system IGF-1 then stimulates systemic body growth, and has growth-promoting effects on almost every cell in the body, especially skeletal, muscle, cartilage, bone, liver, kidney, nerves, skin, hematopoietic cell and lungs. Thousands of papers have been published on the composition and biochemical effects of velvet antler and its constituent growth factors. MIC-1 stem cells express the embryonic stem cell markers Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, Nanog, and C-myc, as well as the genes STAT3 and CD9, which are involved in the regulation of stem cell differentiation . Surface marker expression By performing a comprehensive molecular characterization of ASCs, Li et al. defined ASCs as MSCs with some embryonic stem cell characteristics . The heterogeneity also partly reflects epigenetic adaptations, accompanied by differences in the physiological microenvironment of stromal cells that show various differentiation directions. RMCs taken late in the rapid antler growth phase can only differentiate into osteoblast and chondrocyte lineages . To determine antifatigue activity, the swimming capacity of male Balb/c mice was studied with a 20 cm water pool, and water temperature was maintained at 27°C. Those mice were randomly divided into the vehicle and FSDTAE groups (6 mice/group). Male BABL/c mice (8–10 weeks old) were housed at a room temperature of 25 ± 1°C with a 12/12 h light/dark cycle. Digested peptides were extracted with 1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 50% acetonitrile, and samples were dried with a Speed-Vac and redissolved in 0.1% TFA for LC/MS. A differentially expressed band of tip antler was excised from the gel, transferred into sterile 2 mL microcentrifuge tubes. To maximize its effects and achieve comprehensive vitality, men can make several dietary and lifestyle changes that complement the advantages of these supplements.This death was considered to result incidentally and spontaneously as a rare case and not due to toxic effects of the test substance, with no clear evidence of dose dependency of the test substance in the mid dose group.To prepare the histological slices, samples of leg muscle were first fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, then embedded in paraffin and subsequently sectioned.In this study, we prepared fresh, aqueous extracts from growing deer antlers in a rapid growth stage.Carota oil extract (DCOE) was shown to possess potent antitumor activity.During the first three days of fermentation, all 17 strainsmaintained sufficient cell populations, lowered culture pH, and increasedculture acidity (Table 3).Hailing from Traditional Chinese Medicine, velvet antler does not appear to influence hormones and is currently unsupported for muscle repair (although it may aid skin regeneration rates). Upon reasonable request, the datasets for this study can be obtained from thecorresponding author. (B) PCoAplots were generated based on weighted and unweighted UniFrac distancesof the fecal microbiome from each group, revealing distinct clusterings.The metagenomic analysis showed variations in the compositions ofbacterial genera at the (C) phylum and family levels for each group. A metagenomic study was conducted to explore the microbiome’srelative abundance. By providing a balanced view of VA's medical applications, we aim to pave the way for future research and potential therapeutic innovations. These include the need for more rigorous clinical trials to substantiate traditional claims, challenges in standardizing extracts, and sustainability concerns regarding sourcing. While VA's rich composition of amino acids, minerals, and other bioactive compounds underscores its therapeutic potential, we must also address its limitations. Integration of different omics data types could elucidate potential molecular mechanism of VA intervention. Maintaining good joint health is essential for an active and pain - free life. Low energy levels can lead to fatigue, decreased productivity, and a general feeling of malaise. By doing so, the extract may contribute to a more robust immune response. A strong immune system is crucial for maintaining good health and preventing diseases. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should avoid taking it as its effects on fetal development and infants are not fully understood. As mentioned earlier, the extract is rich in insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), which are responsible for stimulating cell growth and regeneration. There is very little clinical data regarding the effects of deer velvet, and not much is known about its side effects. Thus, the discovery of the regulation effect of deer antler on xiphoid cartilage would be a great benefit for finding complementary therapy to prevent or treat cartilage-related disease. The high concentration of growth factors in antler velvet could support tissue regeneration, potentially aiding in the repair of damaged joints. These components may help reduce inflammation and promote joint flexibility, making deer antler extract a popular natural remedy for arthritis sufferers. Antler velvet, a soft substance that regenerates deer antlers, contains chondroitin sulfate and collagen, known for their role in joint repair and cartilage maintenance. Research has also explored the impact of deer antler extract on exercise performance, with some findings suggesting that it may help improve endurance and recovery in athletes. Individuals suffering from arthritis may find relief in the anti-inflammatory properties of deer antler extract, which can help reduce joint pain and improve mobility. It is derived from the antlers of deer, which are in the velvet stage - a period when the antlers are still growing and covered with a soft, furry skin. Deer antler extract is rich in various components that contribute to its potential nutritional and health - promoting benefits. Additionally, while effective for recovery, it doesn’t deliver dramatic results in other areas sometimes claimed for deer antler products. New Zealand red deer are considered the gold standard for deer antler quality. Zhang P, Guo Z, Ma L, Wang G, Zhao Y. Investigation of anti-fatigue effect and simultaneous determination of eight nucleosides in different parts of velvet antler in red deer and sika deer. They are the fastestgrowing structure, reaching an astonishing growth rate of up to 2.75 cm/day in length and more than 20 cm 2 /day of skin. Our results suggest that DAV may have ergogenic effects in men participating solely in resistance training. The primary aim of our study is to examine DAV and exercise performance. Unregulated harvesting of antlers can disrupt the natural balance of deer herds. This natural cycle has led to the availability of antlers for extraction purposes. However, supplementation of natural extracts also carries the potential risk of side effects and interaction with other drugs. Additionally, regulatory scrutiny on synthetic steroids and growth hormones has led many to explore legal, over-the-counter alternatives. The rise of biohacking and regenerative health trends has further amplified visibility, especially after anecdotal reports linked it to improved stamina and faster injury recovery. One of the central research topics in thefield of nanotechnology is the synthesis of high-quality nanoparticleswith precise control over the size, shape, structure and compositionof particles. APİ is a chemicalcompound (usually low molecular weight) that specifically interactswith the target to change the reaction of the target cell in one wayor another. The use of delivery systems isaimed at reducing the negative side effects of drugs (TDS). This article delves into the science behind the inclusion of deer antler velvet extract in Bucked Up pre-workouts, exploring the research, potential benefits, and unique properties of this ingredient. The use of deer antler velvet extract in pre-workout supplements has gained attention due to its potential benefits for workout performance. In this study, we investigated the effects of deer antler extracts on osteoclast differentiation and bone-resorption in vitro. When purchasing deer antler velvet extract, quality and sourcing are paramount. While veterinarians are more often foes, not friends, to nematodes, some important conclusions can be extrapolated from this research because just like mammals, worms are susceptible to the toxic cellular effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Antler from two species of deer—sika deer (Cervus nippon) and red deer (Cervus elaphus)—are used in the Chinese, Japanese, and Korean pharmacopoeias.(4,5) Ethical concerns are often voiced about antler harvesting. The entire structure of the antler—which, in the velvet phase, consists of a cartilaginous core covered by connective tissue and skin—is harvested for use.(2) Rbp7, a family member of the cellular retinol-binding proteins, is significantly upregulated in osteoarthritic chondrocytes . In addition, Cdc25b, Mki67, Bub1, Ccne2, Mphosph8, G2e3, Dyrk3, and Cep70 are considered to be essential genes involved in cell proliferation 58,59,60,61,62,63,64. Mug1 serves as an inhibitor of proteolytic enzyme that prevents the degradation of cartilage extracellular matrix . Clcn3 is a highly expressed channel protein in chondrocytes during cartilage development and plays a key role in cell volume regulation . Vegfa, a member of the Vegf growth factor family, is a key component to support chondrocyte survival . It contains Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), a hormone that helps Human Growth Hormone (HGH) exert many of its growth-promoting properties. Empower your mind with expert research, reviews, and recommendations for achieving optimal brain health and cognitive longevity. It can help maintain the skin's barrier function, keep the skin hydrated, and may also have some anti - aging effects. It is advisable to consult a healthcare professional or follow the recommended dosage guidelines provided by the manufacturer. Ethical and sustainable sourcing is important to protect deer populations and the ecological environment.