Applying Tellabs, the court evaluated motive and opportunity together with circumstantial evidence and concluded that the allegations collectively support a cogent and compelling inference of scienter. Consistent with the US Supreme Court’s 2024 decision in Macquarie, the Second Circuit confined its analysis to statements the company made. Hain later delayed filings, disclosed material weaknesses in internal controls, and restated prior results—overstating net sales by approximately $167 million and GAAP EPS—after an SEC investigation that culminated in a cease-and-desist order for books-and-records and internal-controls violations (but no fraud charges). Here, I invite you to join me in reading hot, steamy, and fun books with book boyfriends (& girlfriends) that make your cheeks flush! Welcome to sara reads romance, my cozy corner of the internet dedicated to all things bookish. When she’s not writing, she’s usually lost in a book. This book was included in that collection. At the climax of such contemplation the mental eye turns away from the conditioned phenomena comprised in the aggregates and shifts its focus to the unconditioned state, Nibbana, which becomes accessible through the deepened faculty of insight. The fourth noble truth shows the way to reach the end of dukkha, the way to the realization of Nibbana. It is this craving which produces repeated existence, is bound up with delight and lust, and seeks pleasure here and there, namely, craving for sense pleasures, craving for existence, and craving for non-existence. From the set of defilements which eventuate in suffering, the Buddha singles out craving (tanha) as the dominant and most pervasive cause, "the origin of suffering." Whatever we identify with, whatever we hold to as our self, falls within the set of five aggregates. Understanding the Concept “Financial incentives are best applied when there are simple, clear, agreed-upon measures that make cheating almost impossible, or perhaps, when the powers that be care only about optimizing performance on those measures, regardless of what it takes for people to hit the numbers.” (p. 121) One analysis of airline on-time performance reported that whether or not airline executives seemed to care about flying on time was among the most critical differentiating factors in whether airlines actually flew on time.” (p. 113) “Second, financial incentives can provide people with information about what the organization values and what its priorities are, an informational effect.” (p. 112) The Buddha does what he can by pointing out the path to liberation; the rest involves putting the path into practice, a task that demands energy. Otherwise, as the energy in ordinary wholesome states of mind, it merely engenders an accumulation of merit that ripens within the round of birth and death; it does not issue in liberation from the round. When right concentration receives this support, then empowered by right effort and balanced by right mindfulness it can draw in the scattered strands of thought and fix the mind firmly on its object. It also requires the stabilizing awareness provided by mindfulness, which is like the boy who offers his shoulder. In this simile the tall boy who picks the flowers represents concentration with its function of unifying the mind. Also, people with gluten sensitivity are restricted from consuming any Nerd drinks because they’re not gluten-free. Each serving of Nerd focus has an adequate amount of caffeine and sodium. Twelve cans of Nerd focus (12 fl.oz each) will cost you around $30. You can find Nerd focus from both online and physical stores. Rukmini sheds light on the practices of institutions like the National Crime Records Bureau, revealing how data manipulation distorts our understanding of crime trends. One of the book’s standout chapters is its examination of crime statistics. Instead, she delves into the complexities of data compilation and the inherent biases within, shedding light on the realities often overlooked in public discourse. Through her extensive engagement with ground-level realities and firsthand interactions, Rukmini brings to light the nuances and intricacies that shape the socio-economic landscape of India. Ultimately, data provides insights but doesn’t depict the full picture due to its abstract nature. With the primary Rule 10b-5(b) claim revived, the court reinstated the derivative Section 20(a) control-person claims. The SEC’s observation that such incentives can have financial-reporting implications was, therefore, consistent with plaintiffs’ theory. The court considered these facts as factors, not prerequisites. “Flip Michaels has provided the church with a clear and cogent resource for engaging a skeptical world with biblical truth.In the practice of right mindfulness the mind is trained to remain in the present, open, quiet, and alert, contemplating the present event.Flip Michaels tackles head–on five key truths regarding Scripture, authentic Christianity, the nature of God, the person of Christ, and the gospel.If you’re a parent, youth leader, or someone looking to deepen your own faith journey, this book is a worthwhile investment.To borrow from Charles Dickens, this is the best of times and the worst of times to be advocating for diversity and inclusion.Hakim is a masterful storyteller, and she has based her account on how stories play to young readers, not on whether they are true. Nootropics are a rapidly growing segment of the dietary supplement market, as demand increases for quality products to improve focus and cognitive functioning. It is available in paperback, hardcover, e-book, and audiobook formats. The book also encourages readers to question commonly accepted beliefs and think critically about their faith. He also includes personal anecdotes and real-life examples that make the concepts easy to grasp and relatable. This book is perfect for anyone looking to deepen their faith and understanding of Christianity. She sees the Métis people following the bison with their mobile hunting camp, turning the animals’ meat into pemmican, which they sell to the Northwest Company in order to buy supplies for the winter. But when her history teacher begins to lecture about the Pemmican Wars of early 1800s Saskatchewan, Echo finds herself swept back to that time. In this YA graphic novel, an alienated Métis girl learns about her people’s Canadian history. This has fostered a more compassionate and open-minded approach to my interactions with others, as I learned to appreciate diverse perspectives. Hamilton’s exploration of half-truths made me realize that many of the phrases I had taken at face value were often oversimplifications of deeper spiritual concepts. One of the most impactful aspects of the book was how it illustrated the importance of context in our understanding of truth. The main argument (the first version of which wasperhaps first made explicit in Tarski 1936a, 1936b) seems to be this.As noted above, Gödel's first incompleteness theorem implies thatfor any calculus for a higher-order language there will be amodel-theoretically valid formula that will not be derivable in thecalculus. Both set-theoretic and proper class structures are modeled by suchvalues, so these particular worries of unsoundness do not affect thiskind of proposals. The situation is not soclear in other languages of special importance for the Fregeantradition, the higher-order quantificational languages. The intended interpretation of “\(x'\)” is the successorfunction, and obviously, of “+” and“\( imes\)”, the addition and the multiplicationfunctions, respectively. In the first and loose statements of the incompleteness theorems givenabove, the vague requirement that “a certain amount ofelementary arithmetic can be carried out” occurred. Take anytheory, even a complete one (see below for examples), and drop someaxiom; unless the axiom is redundant, the resulting system isincomplete. Thisis, however, incorrect, for the incompleteness theorem does not dealwith provability in any absolute sense, but only concerns derivabilityin some particular formal system or another. The sentence in question is a relativelysimple statement of number theory, a purely universal arithmeticalsentence. Mundane right view involves a correct grasp of the law of kamma, the moral efficacy of action. The Buddha himself says that he sees no single factor so responsible for the arising of unwholesome states of mind as wrong view, and no factor so helpful for the arising of wholesome states of mind as right view. On the other hand, if we adopt a right view, that view will steer us towards right action, and thereby towards freedom from suffering. If we hold a wrong view, even if that view is vague, it will lead us towards courses of action that eventuate in suffering. These two different kinds of views, the Buddha teaches, lead to radically disparate lines of action, and thence to opposite results. Reading these reviews helped me gauge whether the book would resonate with my own experiences. I found that many shared their personal takeaways and how the book impacted their understanding of faith and life. As I delved deeper into the book, I realized that each chapter addresses a specific half-truth that is prevalent in society. I found it essential to grasp the concept behind these half-truths to appreciate the depth of Hamilton’s arguments. The book dives into common sayings that people often take at face value, exploring their meanings and implications. Inparticular, even the notion of truth was considered as suspicious oreven nonsensical at the time, at least by some logical positivists(e.g., Neurath, Hempel). Further, it was a traditional question of descriptive set theory (aquestion which can be formulated in the language of second orderarithmetic) whether all projective sets (see above) are Lebesquemeasurable. There are some concrete examples of mathematical statements undecidedeven in stronger theories which come from the so-called descriptiveset theory. Alarmingly, individuals can also develop a psychological dependence on these creams, feeling compelled to continue using them despite the visible damage. Steroid-based whitening creams force your skin into an unnatural state. The shocking truth is that they frequently contain high-strength steroid drugs (like betamethasone or clobetasol) and even toxic metals such as mercury and lead, all disguised in harmless-looking jars. This highlights how marketing, often exploiting societal beauty standards, can sometimes overshadow crucial information about product safety and long-term health. This data suggests that a large segment of the population is engaging in skincare practices that carry considerable risks, either unaware of the potential harm or perhaps underestimating its severity. These examples from Google, the music industry, and the automobile industry illustrate the profound impact of evidence-based management. Had Google embraced evidence-based management sooner, its efforts to cultivate effective leadership could have been more aligned with these findings from the get-go. Decisions based on evidence and facts, not just intuition, are remarkably powerful, yet they’re not as prevalent as you might think. Think back to a time when you packed an umbrella because you chose to heed the weather forecast instead of your feelings, and doing so saved you from becoming a soaking mess. Half truths are statements that contain some truth but are intentionally missing important information or context. “You used to talk to apathetic publics—telling half-truths,” he says. Before you apply that next cream, discover the five shocking truths about these popular whitening creams that most people in Lahore don’t know. It is typical to hold that, in some sense or senses of“could”, a logical truth could not be false or,alternatively, that in some sense or senses of “must”, alogical truth must be true. This practical and candid book challenges leaders to commit to evidence-based management as a way of organizational life--and shows how finally to turn common sense into common practice. The Second Circuit noted that “this court has at times assumed without deciding that a violation of Item 503 will sustain an actionable claim”; without deciding the issue, it vacated this dismissal for the same fact-based reasons as the Item 303 claim. This book serves as a timely reminder of the importance of critical thinking and skepticism in navigating the deluge of data that inundates our daily lives. Instead, a formal language isexpanded by a new primitive predicate for truth or satisfaction, andaxioms for that predicate are then laid down. In formal settings satisfying certain naturalconditions, Tarski’s theorem on the undefinability of the truthpredicate shows that a definition of a truth predicate requiresresources that go beyond those of the formal language for which truthis going to be defined. Several philosophers, including many deflationists,have endorsed axiomatic theories of truth in their accounts of truth.The logical properties of the formal theories are relevant to variousphilosophical questions, such as questions about the ontologicalstatus of properties, Gödel’s theorems, truth-theoreticdeflationism, eliminability of semantic notions and the theory ofmeaning. Moreover, I appreciate how the book respectfully addresses the tension between popular culture and biblical truths. One is mundane right view, right view which operates within the confines of the world. But for practical purposes two kinds of right view stand out as primary. In its fullest measure right view involves a correct understanding of the entire Dhamma or teaching of the Buddha, and thus its scope is equal to the range of the Dhamma itself. This balance of challenge and comfort is essential for anyone looking to deepen their spiritual life. I can envision how this connection can foster a sense of belonging and acceptance for readers, especially those who may feel isolated in their faith journey. The Gospel’s focus on Jesus’ miracles, parables, and teachings allows readers to connect with Him on a personal level. The metaphor of light serves as a powerful reminder of hope, guidance, and the divine presence in our lives. The Gospel of John is renowned for its unique perspective on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, emphasizing themes of light, life, and love. The view of self is further attenuated by examining the factors of existence, not analytically, but in terms of their relational structure. He knows the eye and forms, the ear and sounds, the nose and odors, the tongue and tastes, the body and tangibles, the mind and mental objects; and he knows as well the fetter that arises in dependence on them. The disciple dwells in contemplation of phenomena, namely, of the six internal and external sense bases. To gain this perspective requires the development of intensive mindfulness, now applied to the fourth foundation, the contemplation of the factors of existence (dhammanupassana). Due to this blindness experience comes to be misconstrued, worked upon by the delusions of permanence, pleasure, and self. Neither the Liar sentence nor itsnegation obtains a truth value in Kripke’s theory, so thedisjunction of the two is not valid. The firstis the ‘internal’ logic of statements under the truthpredicate and is formulated with the Strong Kleene valuation schema.The second is the ‘external’ logic which is full classicallogic. In theclassical model false sentences and those without a truth value in thepartial model are declared not true. Second, it more accurately reflects people’s intersectional complexity instead of focusing on only one specific aspect of social or demographic identity. To accelerate that conversation, this document presents eight powerful truths about diversity and inclusion. The company’s 2017 Investor Roadshow briefing sounded like a textbook in disciplined operational and financial management, as well as employee, customer, and shareholder focus. Here are eight powerful truths that can help turn aspirations into reality. If this is the first time you’re hearing about Gabriel, that is because my review of Half Bad was careful to leave out any spoilers but suffice to say, his role in the series is pivotal. We are in a time and place in history where information is being shared freely and without restraint.The eight factors of the path are always accessible to us; they are mental components which can be established in the mind simply through determination and effort.Some type-free theories oftruth have much higher expressive power than the typed theories thathave been surveyed in the previous section (at least as long asindexed truth predicates are avoided).The main argument (the first version of which wasperhaps first made explicit in Tarski 1936a, 1936b) seems to be this.As noted above, Gödel's first incompleteness theorem implies thatfor any calculus for a higher-order language there will be amodel-theoretically valid formula that will not be derivable in thecalculus.Courts have long grappled with the first required element in aclaim brought under Section 10(b) and Rule10b–5—"a material misrepresentation or omission bythe defendant."4 For omissions, in particular,courts have disagreed about when a company is obligated tospeak.Thus instead of iterating reflection principles that are formulatedentirely in the language of arithmetic, one can add by iteration newtruth predicates and correspondingly new axioms for the new truthpredicates.The "one analysis" is the contemplation of the body in terms of the four primary elements, already discussed in the chapter on right mindfulness.Flip Michaels has produced this incredibly helpful resource to help readers untangle truth from error in five of the devil’s most popular theological half–truths.“In a competitive world in which success is difficult enough to achieve, it seems counterproductive to have people expend energy trying to be different than they really are just for the sake of appearances inside organizations.” (p. 78) Semantic theories of truth, in turn,provide one with the theoretical tools needed for investigating modelsof axiomatic theories of truth and with motivations for certainaxiomatic theories. Formal work on axiomatic theories of truth has helped to shed somelight on semantic theories of truth. So semantic approaches usually necessitate the use ofa metalanguage that is more powerful than the object-language forwhich it provides a semantics. The English word "morality" and its derivatives suggest a sense of obligation and constraint quite foreign to the Buddhist conception of sila; this connotation probably enters from the theistic background to Western ethics. Thus while the training in sila brings the "public" benefit of inhibiting socially detrimental actions, it entails the personal benefit of mental purification, preventing the defilements from dictating to us what lines of conduct we should follow. Often sila is formally defined as abstinence from unwholesome bodily and verbal action. In some contexts it means action conforming to moral principles, in others the principles themselves, in still others the virtuous qualities of character that result from the observance of moral principles. It is the foundation for the entire path, essential for the success of the other trainings. In the context of the fourth foundation of mindfulness, the multivalent word dhamma (here intended in the plural) has two interconnected meanings, as the account in the sutta shows. The mind itself — the seemingly solid, stable mind — dissolves into a stream of cittas flashing in and out of being moment by moment, coming from nowhere and going nowhere, yet continuing in sequence without pause. At times there might appear to be a persisting observer behind the process, but with continued practice even this apparent observer disappears. Irrelevant flights of thought, imagination, and emotion subside, mindfulness becomes clearer, the mind remains intently aware, watching its own process of becoming. It is suggested that one take oneself as the first object of metta because true loving-kindness for others only becomes possible when one is able to feel genuine loving-kindness for oneself. At first the means has to be employed with some deliberation, but through practice the feeling of love becomes ingrained, grafted onto the mind as a natural and spontaneous tendency. But it is a Buddhist thesis that the mind cannot be commanded to love spontaneously; it can only be shown the means to develop love and enjoined to practice accordingly. Mental distraction caused by restlessness and scattered thoughts is a common problem faced by persons of all different character types; thus a meditator of any temperament can benefit from a subject which promotes a slowing down and stilling of the thought process. The "one analysis" is the contemplation of the body in terms of the four primary elements, already discussed in the chapter on right mindfulness. The four sublime states or "divine abodes" are the outwardly directed social attitudes — loving-kindness, compassion, sympathetic joy, and equanimity — developed into universal radiations which are gradually extended in range until they encompass all living beings. I also love the theme of truth, and how poisonous little half-truths can be. Take pictures of people, places, books you read, and label them. The shocking discovery reveals half-truths that threaten the girls’ friendship. This week I am thrilled to interview Carol Baldwin, author of HALF-TRUTHS, a Young Adult story set in North Carolina in the 1950’s, which is due to be released on April 2nd. Five Half Truths is a small book with a big message about the whole truth of the gospel. In theology, the best way to get people to reject a whole truth is to give them a half one. Use this book often to remind yourself of right biblical thinking that your mind may be renewed and your heart transformed. In a world where God’s truth is readily dismissed and considered insufficient and irrelevant for the age, this work is a reminder that God’s truth endures. The \(T\)-sentences\(T\ulcorner \phi \urcorner \leftrightarrow \phi\) (where \(\phi\)does not contain \(T)\) are not conservative over first-order logicwith identity, that is, they prove a sentence not containing \(T\)that is not logically valid. Thus although the theory is materiallyadequate, Tarski thought that the \(T\)-sentences are deductively tooweak. The typed \(T\)-sentences are all equivalences of the form\(T\ulcorner \phi \urcorner \leftrightarrow \phi\), where \(\phi\) isa sentence not containing the truth predicate. The definable truth predicates are truly redundant, because they areexpressible in PA; therefore there is no need to introduce themaxiomatically. For further information on partial truth predicates see,for instance, Hájek and Pudlak (1993), Kaye (1991) and Takeuti(1987). With this foundation of mindfulness we turn from a particular mental factor, feeling, to the general state of mind to which that factor belongs. All are seen as merely fleeting and substanceless events devoid of any true enjoyment or basis for involvement. But as practice advances, as one goes on noting each feeling, letting it go and noting the next, the focus of attention shifts from the qualities of feelings to the process of feeling itself. Then, instead of relating to the feeling by way of habit through attachment, repulsion, or apathy, we relate by way of contemplation, using the feeling as a springboard for understanding the nature of experience. By turning it into an object of observation, mindfulness defuses the feeling so that it cannot provoke an unwholesome response. Understanding the Book One notable strength of Whole Numbers and Half Truths lies in its methodological rigor and theoretical framework. Secondly, despite many considering themselves middle class, data suggests otherwise. However, this trend can lead to the segregation of Muslim communities, fostering a sense of ghettoisation. Rukmini’s examination of religion in her book also presents intriguing insights. Rukmini S emphasises the urgent need to rectify these institutional failings to improve data collection in health, hospitalisation, and illness. Support Instead of decidable sets or properties, one often considerseffective or computable functions or operations, but in fact these arejust two sides of the same coin—talk of one can be easilytranscribed to talk of another. Though itturns out that Gödel in fact already had a very general result,it was, at the time, unclear just how general this really was (seealso Section 5). Thus, oneshould keep in mind that there are some non-trivial and interestingtheories to which Gödel’s theorems do not apply. But in any case, at least a theory which dealswith both addition and multiplication is needed. Thetheory of only addition of natural numbers but without multiplication(often called “Presburger arithmetic”), for example, iscomplete (and decidable) (Presburger 1929), as is the theory ofmultiplication of the positive integers (Skolem 1930). The simplest examples are perhaps non-logical predicatesthat have an empty extension over any domain, and hence have emptyinduced images as well. Its induced image under \(P\), and under any other permutation of\(D\), is that very same set of pairs (as the reader may check); soagain this is favorable to the proposal. One way in which this has been made precise isthrough the characterization of logical expressions as those whoseextension or denotation over any particular domain of individuals isinvariant under permutations of that domain. One recent suggestion is thatlogical expressions are those that do not allow us to distinguishdifferent individuals. But when the supramundane paths are reached, the work of eradication begins.In the preliminary stages of the path they prepare the way for the great realization; in the end they remain as its components.As it turns out, it is very hard to think of universally acceptedideas about what the generic properties of logical truths are orshould be.The Gospel of John is renowned for its unique perspective on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, emphasizing themes of light, life, and love.When inertia prevails, energy must be aroused; when excitement prevails, it is necessary to exercise restraint.Thus it can be said that the right view of the Four Noble Truths forms both the beginning and the culmination of the way to the end of suffering.Focus Communications is an award-winning results-focused strategic communications agency.This data has bolstered the credibility of Promind Complex as a supplement aimed at boosting mental clarity and performance. Conceit (mana) is not the coarse type of pride to which we become disposed through an over-estimation of our virtues and talents, but the subtle residue of the notion of an ego which subsists even after conceptually explicit views of self have been eradicated. With this path he cuts off the five remaining fetters — desire for fine-material existence and desire for immaterial existence, conceit, restlessness, and ignorance. But our meditator again puts forth effort, develops insight, and at its climax enters the fourth path, the path of arahatship (arahatta-magga). As a non-returner he will not return to the human state of existence in any future life. From that point on he can never again fall into the grip of any desire for sense pleasure, and can never be aroused to anger, aversion, or discontent. The truth predicates in natural languages do not come with any ouverttype restriction.As an IntechOpen Author/Editor, you can buy this book for an Exclusive Author price with discounts from 30% to 50% on retail price.That, of course, is the only acceptable way to present biblical truth.The shift is purely psychological in method, entirely free from theological and metaphysical postulates, such as that of a universal self immanent in all beings.To acquire the right view that accords with the truths requires a clear understanding of their meaning and significance in our lives.Focus Formula is an herbal supplement for mental focus that increases concentration, attention span, memory, and offers mood balancing benefits. Thus to take a sentence to be partially true is to be committed to only some of those conclusions. If this is to be helpful, however, it presumably must piggyback on a particular understanding of truth — something Millgram demures from supplying. One natural suggestion is that the ways of being partially true are unified just because they are all ways of being partially true. We can say that “partial truth is the formal object of the mental states deployed in partial truth inference” — mental states for which Millgram thinks we often lack ordinary names (p. 110). The definition continues and suggests they sometimes even believe their own lies. (When, in fact, the two ten healthiest countries also are the wealthiest and can afford these drinks. This is an example of both a half-truth fallacy and a correlation/causation fallacy.) Resumes are also a good example of cherry-picking, which is why employers seek additional recommendations and often require interviews. But if we did risk the pointless by asking that question, the answer would have to be the path.She ridicules and demeans the incredibly patient men in her life until they are silent and neutered.The Court then addressed the respondents' argument that aplaintiff need not plead any statements rendered misleading by apure omission, because reasonable investors know that Item 303requires a company's periodic filings—in a section knownas the Management's Discussion & Analysis—to discloseall known trends and uncertainties.47 Relying again onthe words "statements made" in Rule 10b–5(b), theCourt rejected the plaintiff's argument, explaining that it"shifts the focus . . . from fraud todisclosure."48Recognizing that some courts, like those within the SecondCircuit, may allow omission claims under Section 10(b) and Rule10b–5 where a particular statute or regulation creates a dutyto speak, plaintiffs have pointed to SEC Regulation S–K as abasis for the duty.One-pointedness of mind explains the fact that in any act of consciousness there is a central point of focus, towards which the entire objective datum points from its outer peripheries to its inner nucleus.Well… Mae cares, which lands her in all kinds of trouble in her quest for truth.In ‘Hard Truths’ there is little truth acknowledged by Pansy. (Sections 2.2 and 2.3 givea basic description of the standard mathematically characterizednotions of derivability and validity for standard quantificationallanguages, with references to other entries.) \((1')\), \((2')\) and \((3')\) do seem to give rise to sentences thatintuitively must be true for all appropriate replacements of theletters “\(a\)”, “\(b\)”, “\(P\)”,“\(Q\)”, and “\(R\)”. A form has at the very leastthe property that the expressions in it which are not schematicletters (the “logical expressions”) are widely applicableacross different areas of discourse. In semantic theories of truth (e.g., Tarski 1935, Kripke 1975), incontrast, a truth predicate is defined for a language, the so-calledobject language. An axiomatic theory of truth is a deductive theory of truth as aprimitive undefined predicate. His later films, such as High Hopes (1988) and Life is Sweet (1990), continued this trend, portraying ordinary people navigating personal and societal challenges with humour and pathos. Lepore’s framework insists that the “self-evident” truths of the nation’s founding were anything but. However, when it comes to behavior change, training is often only a scene-setter. At its best (voluntary, experiential, inspiring, and practical), training raises awareness, surfaces previously unspoken beliefs, and creates a shared language to discuss diversity and inclusion on a day-to-day basis. Against that backdrop, one size will not fit all with respect to the way that information is delivered, experiences shaped, and boundaries set. While many executives have been afforded time to learn, reflect, and debate, mid-level managers are often given directives. Our view is that inclusive leadership is broader and a much more intentional and effortful process. Participants were 320 college students who downloaded software on their computers, tablets, and smartphones to track their active use of Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat over a 2-week surveillance period and then self-reported their daily average minutes on each platform immediately after. Often, people are known for what they believe before we even know who they are. We are in a time and place in history where information is being shared freely and without restraint. These groups are set in an order of progressive remoteness from oneself. If we look into our own mind, we find that the basic urge of our being is the wish to be happy and free from suffering. The shift is purely psychological in method, entirely free from theological and metaphysical postulates, such as that of a universal self immanent in all beings. The extension of metta hinges on a shift in the sense of identity, on expanding the sense of identity beyond its ordinary confines and learning to identify with others. When metta is directed inwards towards oneself, it helps to melt down the hardened crust created by these negative attitudes, permitting a fluid diffusion of kindness and sympathy outwards. But then again, assumptions are the termites of any foundation supporting truth.The challenge lies in translating a nod of the head to the value of diversity and inclusion into impactful actions—and that necessitates a courageous conversation about approaches to date.Along with consciousness every citta contains a set of concomitants called cetasikas, mental factors.This book stands out in YA literature for its clever narrative structure, emotional depth, and relatable characters navigating the stormy seas of adolescence.“Second, performance naturally varies over time.There is thus a sense in which such truthsare not provable using today’s “ordinary”mathematical methods and axioms, nor can they be proved in a way thatmathematicians would today regard as unproblematic and conclusive.Frege himselfsays, speaking of the higher-order language in his“Begriffsschrift”, that through formalization (in thethird sense above) “we arrive at a small number of laws inwhich, if we add those contained in the rules, the content of all thelaws is included, albeit in an undeveloped state” (Frege 1879,§13).” “Am I hiding a portion of the truth to make myself look good or to escape something?As a consequence, the book is in equal parts provocative, inspiring and frustrating to someone who doesn’t share that standpoint. The Court’s opinion focused on the language of Rule 10b-5(b), which prohibits making “any untrue statement of a material fact” or failing “to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading” (emphasis added). Half-truths are “representations that state the truth only so far as it goes, while omitting critical qualifying information.”5 In other words, such statements may be literally true, but substantively misleading. The Court also rejected arguments by plaintiff that there would be “broad immunity” any time an issuer fraudulently omits information Congress and the SEC required it to disclose, because private parties may still bring “claims based on Item 303 violations that create misleading half-truths” and the “SEC retains authority to prosecute violations of its own regulations.”13 The Court’s ruling made clear, however, that “half-truths” — omissions that render affirmative statements misleading — remain actionable.Justice Sonia Sotomayor’s opinion explains the difference between “pure omissions” and half-truths. The second assumption wouldprobably be questioned e.g. from the point of view that logical truthsmust be analytic, for there is no conclusive reason to think thatuniversally valid formulae must be analytic. Note that these argumentsoffer a challenge only to the idea that universal validity (as definedin section 2.3) is adequately modeled by set-theoretic validity, notto the soundness of a characterization of logical truth in terms ofuniversal validity itself, or in terms of a species of validity basedon some notion of “meaning assignment” different from theusual notion of a set-theoretic structure. (See also Etchemendy1990, chs. 8, 9, for an argument for the unsoundness of higher-ordermodel-theoretic validity based on the conception of logical truth asanalyticity simpliciter, and Gómez-Torrente 1998/9,Soames 1999, ch. 4, Paseau 2014, Florio and Incurvati 2019, 2021, andGriffiths and Paseau 2022, ch. 9, for critical reactions.) In 2016, the Supreme Court granted certiorari on the question ofwhether Item 303 "creates a duty to disclose that isactionable" under Section 10(b) and Rule10b–5.18 That case settled shortly beforeargument, however, leaving the disagreement unresolved.19 The Court found its nextopportunity to address this issue in Macquarie. Courts have generally distinguished between half-truths and pureomissions. It made me focus more on the ‘trade-off’ element of the word (and life in general) and fact we’re still getting something good, rather than the fact we’re giving up our ground or something. (Note that if we denied that thehigher-order quantifiers are logical expressions we could equally denythat the arguments presented above against the soundness ofmodel-theoretic validity with respect to logical truth arerelevant at all.) That the higher-order quantifiers are logical hasoften been denied on the grounds that they are semantically too“substantive”. On these assumptions it is certainly veryreasonable to think that derivability, in any calculus satisfying (4),must be incomplete with respect to logical truth. For such a long time it has been accustomed to gaining, grasping, and holding, that it seems impossible to break these habits by an act of will. The mind does not want to relinquish its hold on the objects to which it has become attached. Since craving is the origin of dukkha, putting an end to dukkha depends on eliminating craving, and that involves directing the mind to renunciation. For someone who is working on an historical novel, I recommend setting up an organizational system as early as possible. The most rewarding part was meeting such wonderful people who freely shared their experiences with me. Every time I talked to someone who lived in Charlotte, I wanted to include their stories. But, the risks of truth-telling make Kate question herself. How can she please her society-conscious grandmother and conform to her new classmates’ lifestyles? 1 The truth predicate in intuitionistic logic However, until that point is reached, some sequence in the unfolding of the path is inevitable. Aloof from these two extreme approaches is the Noble Eightfold Path, called the middle way, not in the sense that it effects a compromise between the extremes, but in the sense that it transcends them both by avoiding the errors that each involves. To rid the mind of these defilements the affliction of the body is not only useless but self-defeating, for it is the impairment of a necessary instrument. The error is taking the body to be the cause of bondage, when the real source of trouble lies in the mind — the mind obsessed by greed, aversion, and delusion. Well… Mae cares, which lands her in all kinds of trouble in her quest for truth. (another action packed one I love by her is Because You’re Mine) He's saying if I want in, I have to play by their rules, follow their lead. M3 - Research book or monograph (as author) Filled with accurate historical details and descriptions that give a real sense of time and place to Katie’s story, Half-Truths does not gloss over the hard truths of racism and privilege.So, too, truthful hyperbole has no need for facts.The intended interpretation of “\(x'\)” is the successorfunction, and obviously, of “+” and“\( imes\)”, the addition and the multiplicationfunctions, respectively.PurposeThis study investigates perceptions of the use of online tracking, a passive data collection method relying on the automated recording of participant actions on desktop and mobile devices, for studying information behavior.The kinds of concentration discussed so far arise by fixing the mind upon a single object to the exclusion of other objects.This blog post aims to unmask the alarming truths behind these dangerous skin whitening practices and to guide you towards safer, more effective alternatives available right here at Boston Aesthetics Lahore.Half-truths are “representations that state the truth only so far as it goes, while omitting critical qualifying information.”5 In other words, such statements may be literally true, but substantively misleading. “But like many of the half-truths we consider in this book, a fixation on strategy can obscure as much as it illuminates. This mind-set causes people to believe that it just isn’t worth trying hard because they—or the people they lead—are naturally smart or not, and there is little if anything anyone can do about it. The four paths can be achieved in close proximity to one another — for those with extraordinarily sharp faculties even in the same sitting — or (as is more typically the case) they can be spread out over time, even over several lifetimes. Once the initial excitement subsides and the mind begins to settle into the practice, the five hindrances are likely to arise, bubbling up from the depths. Early scenes focus on their interactions, highlighting personalities and hinting at underlying tensions. While Four Truths and a Lie is set in the early 21st century, a period marked by the rise of social media and evolving teenage dynamics, its themes are timeless. Four friends navigate secrets and deception as they unravel the mystery behind a game of truths and lies that threatens to change their lives forever. The myth that Jefferson was responsible for the ideas in the Declaration of Independence (started by his political supporters) hid the fact that people from the hinterlands of Massachusetts were ready to go that route long before. By early fall — half a year before Lexington and Concord — British rule had come to an end, both politically and militarily, for 95 percent of the inhabitants of Massachusetts. This data has bolstered the credibility of Promind Complex as a supplement aimed at boosting mental clarity and performance. However, numerous brain supplements, including herbal supplements like Promind Complex, are designed to sustain general mental health and brain function over time. As more people search for natural ways to boost their focus and memory, the allure of such supplements becomes increasingly powerful. Field(2008) aims at an axiomatic theory of truth not dissimilar to PKF butwith a new conditional. Although future securities plaintiffs are likely to attempt to reframe omissions claims as half-truths to try to state a valid cause of action, the Supreme Court, speaking unanimously, has issued a strong statement that courts should not countenance such tactics. Nor does it affect the SEC’s ability to enforce its own regulations, including Item 303, under other provisions of the Exchange Act.14 Furthermore, it does not affect plaintiffs’ ability to pursue Rule 10b-5 claims based on Item 303 violations or other omissions that create misleading half-truths. Section 11(a) prohibits any registration statement that “contains an untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.”12 There is no similar language for omissions in Section 10(b) or Rule 10b-5(b). We are concerned only with suffusing others with a mind of loving-kindness, which ideally is to be developed into a universal state, extended to all living beings without discriminations or reservations. It applies only to a certain person or group of people while excluding others. It must become a deep inner feeling, characterized by spontaneous warmth rather than by a sense of obligation. There were a few people who asked me why I didn’t write about New Jersey—where I’d come from—but I thought my life was too boring! This book guides managers in using this approach to dismantle six widely held—but ultimately flawed—management beliefs in core areas including leadership, strategy, change, talent, financial incentives, and work-life balance. This meme is to remind travelers to take enough books. A book review of the riots in New York City during the civil war between the Irish and African Americans. He also required (see the entry on Tarski’s truth definitions) that any satisfactory definition of truth \(\True(x)\) for the objectlanguage should satisfy his “Convention T”, that is, itshould have as its consequence all equivalences(“T-equivalences”) of the form Tarski clearly distinguished the object language, i.e., the languagethe truth of whose sentences is at stake, and the metalanguage inwhich the former is discussed. Gödel first arrived at the incompleteness results (see Section 5 below) by noting that truth (of the language of a system) must beundefinable in the system, a result conventionally credited to Tarski(there are certain real virtues in Tarski’s way of presentingthe issue; see Gómez Torrente 2004). How to get the Half-Truths and best God Rolls in Destiny 2 Half-truths are easy to believe, because like half a brick, they are easier to carry and besides they can be thrown further. And unfortunately today, when there is really no good justification for not seeking knowledge about the whole truth, over-embracing half-truths is the most over-used way to live and die for a belief system. While likely safe for most adults when used as directed (barring specific interactions), its value proposition is weak compared to addressing specific nutritional needs or using evidence-based nootropics at known effective dosages. Becoming an effective manager requires deep knowledge of your industry, organization, people, and the work they do.” (p. 212) It seems clear that leaders have some chance of making things better, but they can also make things much worse by taking actions that increase employee turnover and diminish employee motivation, as well as encourage lying and stealing, and causing numerous other organizational problems. “As we saw in the case of incentives, sometimes less is more. By the time you sell it to the board, things could have changed. Commonly referred to as “cherry-picking,” this fallacy occurs when someone uses an argument that contains some element of truth while selectively omitting important details in order to deceive or misrepresent the facts to support a false conclusion. (Cherry-Picking, Card Stacking, Incomplete Information, Texas Sharpshooter, suppressed evidence, fallacy of incomplete evidence, argument by selective observation, argument by half-truth, fallacy of exclusion, ignoring the counter evidence, one-sided assessment, slanting, one-sidedness) Eddie Foster was born in Ohio, and after living in several parts of the northeastern United States, he once again lives in the Buckeye State, most likely for good this time. ” “Am I hiding a portion of the truth to make myself look good or to escape something? If we can help ourselves to such a notion, then perhaps it is that idea we should be focusing on, and not partial truth. As I noted above, Millgram argues that if his view of partial truth is correct, then deductive logic is less central to our reasoning than we generally assume. What is the logic that governs our generalizations and inferences across partial truths of different varieties? Since deflationism’s central tenet is that there is nothing to say about the metaphysics of truth in general — there is nothing that “makes” sentences true in general — one wonders how antideflationary Millgram’s account really is. We should feel proud of who we are , and group of people we represent. And they'er dangerous because they can keep us from learning the truth about someone or something. Vary few people or thing in this world were all good or all bad. California Management Review is a premier professional management journal for practitioners published at UC Berkeley Haas School of Business. Stay updated with our latest and greatest bookish info by joining my newsletter. It comprises hatred, anger, resentment, repulsion of every shade, whether directed towards other people, towards oneself, towards objects, or towards situations. The first two hindrances, sensual desire and ill will, are the strongest of the set, the most formidable barriers to meditative growth, representing, respectively, the unwholesome roots of greed and aversion. The first side of right effort aims at overcoming unwholesome states, states of mind tainted by defilements. However, it seems clear that someparadigmatic logical expressions have extra sense attached to themthat is not codifiable purely inferentially. But “widow” is not a logicalexpression, since it's not widely applicable; so one needs topostulate more necessary properties that “purelyinferential” rules ought to satisfy. Now, presumably in some sense themeaning of “widow” is given by this last rule togetherperhaps with the converse rule, that licenses you to say “A is awidow” when someone says “A is a female whose husband diedbefore her”. This is favorable to theproposal, for “philosopher” is certainly not widelyapplicable, and so non-logical on most views. But even then they should be mindful not to let the conversation stray into pastures where the restless mind, always eager for something sweet or spicy to feed on, might find the chance to indulge its defiling propensities. Such speech communicates nothing of value, but only stirs up the defilements in one's own mind and in others. Still, harsh speech is an unwholesome action with disagreeable results for oneself and others, both now and in the future, so it has to be restrained. He speaks such words as are gentle, soothing to the ear, loving, such words as go to the heart, and are courteous, friendly, and agreeable to many. Beyond the obvious benefits that such speech brings in this present life, it is said that abstaining from slander has as its kammic result the gain of a retinue of friends who can never be turned against one by the slanderous words of others. What sets Rukmini’s scholarship apart is her ability to navigate the political and social pressures that often influence data collection and interpretation. The book begins by examining the tendency of individuals to form opinions based on anecdotal experiences rather than empirical evidence. Rukmini S, a Chennai-based data journalist, embarked on her journalism journey in 2004 by covering Mumbai for the Times of India. Unfortunately, managers often base their actions not on evidence or deep knowledge, but on blind faith — mindlessly copying what others have done, letting too much ride on gut instinct or intuition, and acting without questioning the myths, beliefs, ideologies, and popular fashions of management practices. Hard Facts, Dangerous Half-Truths & Total Nonsense: Profiting From Evidence-Based Management. You’ll get the latest news, and product reviews in our monthly newsletter too! Focus Formula is trusted by more than a million people in 30 countries around the world. Although side effects are uncommon, some users have reported headaches, dizziness, and skin reactions when using Focus Formula. These claims are supported by positive product reviews and customer reviews. Focus Formula is an herbal supplement for mental focus that increases concentration, attention span, memory, and offers mood balancing benefits. “Obviously, risk communication need to be based on fact, but tone and messenger play a significant role.” “Cars kill 40,000 people a year in this country; nuclear plants have never killed anyone in this country, yet people fear nuclear power more than they do cars,” he says. “The risks that kill people and the risks that scare people are two entirely different things,” says Sandman. David Kalson, executive managing director at RF Binder Partners, sometimes floats these four risk strategies up with clients. Four Truths and a Lie FAQ Because it still deals with the world of conditioned events, the Eightfold Path in the stage of insight is called the mundane path (lokiyamagga). Right view, as the wisdom of insight, grows continually sharper and deeper; right intention shows itself in a detachment and steadiness of purpose bringing an unruffled poise to the entire process of contemplation. They gain in force and fuse together into the unity of a single cohesive path heading towards the goal. When the course of insight practice is entered, the eight path factors become charged with an intensity previously unknown. Thus when seen with insight they are dukkha, suffering, in the deepest sense. The path translates the Dhamma from a collection of abstract formulas into a continually unfolding disclosure of truth. The path claims primacy because it is precisely this that brings the teaching to life. The internal unity of the Dhamma is guaranteed by the fact that the last of the Four Noble Truths, the truth of the way, is the Noble Eightfold Path, while the first factor of the Noble Eightfold Path, right view, is the understanding of the Four Noble Truths. Theanti-mechanist’s argument thus also requires that the human mindcan always see whether or not a given formalized theory is consistent.However, this is highly implausible (cf. Davis 1990). Quine and Ullian (1978), for example,consider the traditional philosophical picture that all truths couldbe proved by self-evident steps from self-evident truths andobservation. Advertisers know that the techniques do work on almost all people. Unless we can rule out these possibilities, we should be cautious about believing that this toothpaste ad is giving us a good reason to buy a product. You get a little truth, but not enough. Although some advertisements contain lies and exaggerations, the more sophisticated ones walk the narrow line between truth and falsehood. An essential aid for any home, the lecture series is divided into three sections that focus on specific aspects of health. But the role of too much strategic focus in this inability to maintain competitive advantage is a part of the tale that is all too infrequently told.” (p. 149) Differential rewards people drive people apart, sorting them into categories as “winners,” “nothing special,” and “losers.” The result is jealousy and resentment, which damages social ties and diminishes trust and sociability in the workplace.” (p. 127) “People derive satisfaction from their social relationships in the workplace. The eighth factor of the path is right concentration, in Pali samma samadhi. Thus the whole evolving course of practice leading to enlightenment begins with mindfulness, which remains throughout as the regulating power ensuring that the mind is clear, cognizant, and balanced. We shall discuss the other types of dhamma — the five aggregates and the six senses — in the final chapter, in relation to the development of wisdom. Bivalence has been the target of Dummettian antirealists and some theories of vagueness, for example, while the idea that truth is what is preserved by valid inference has been thought by some to be undone by considerations stemming from the semantic paradoxes. Valid arguments are such that if the premises are hard (flatly) true, then the conclusion must be too. That is, if a proposition is true, it is flatly true, and if it is false, then it is flatly false. Shocking Truth #3b: Misleading Marketing and Lack of Awareness The creation of Promind Complex as a brain booster herbal supplement is underpinned by studies into the ingredients it contains. While supplements like Promind Complex can provide helpful nutrients that support mental function, they should not be seen as a replacement for a nutritious diet full in nutrients and essential elements. While many herbal components found in mental supplements are generally regarded secure for consumption, patients may have different responses based on their personal physiology and health conditions. For full commitment to the practice of the path, however, especially in its advanced stages of concentration and insight, it will be extremely helpful to have contact with a properly qualified teacher. To compensate for this deficiency I have included a list of recommended readings at the end, which the reader may consult for more detailed explanations of individual path factors. I have attempted to be concise, using as the framework for exposition the Buddha's own words in explanation of the path factors, as found in the Sutta Pitaka of the Pali canon. Founded in 1958, the BPS has published a wide variety of books and booklets covering a great range of topics. The Buddhist Publication Society is an approved charity dedicated to making known the Teaching of the Buddha, which has a vital message for people of all creeds. Liberation is the inevitable fruit of the path and is bound to blossom forth when there is steady and persistent practice. Taking these measures as our foundation, we have to apply ourselves with energy and mindfulness to the cultivation of concentration and insight. Whether approached as a literary study or a heartfelt read, this book offers a rewarding experience that lingers long after the last page. Four Truths and a Lie by Lauren Barnholdt is more than a typical coming-of-age story; it’s a nuanced exploration of truth, friendship, and identity. For students and lecturers, the book offers rich material for discussions on narrative reliability, character development, and thematic exploration in YA literature. It’s a compelling reminder that everyone carries hidden struggles and that understanding often requires looking beyond surface appearances. Barnholdt’s impact lies in her ability to blend entertainment with meaningful insights, making her books popular choices for both classroom discussions and leisure reading. One analysis of airline on-time performance reported that whether or not airline executives seemed to care about flying on time was among the most critical differentiating factors in whether airlines actually flew on time.” (p. 113)The next essential step of Gödel’s proof is to take thelanguage of a formal system, which is always precisely defined (thisis part of being a formal system), and fix a correspondence of acertain kind between the expressions of that language and the systemof natural numbers—a coding, “arithmetization”, or“Gödel numbering”, of the language.The new axioms for truth are conservative ifthey do not imply any additional sentences (free of occurrences of thetruth-predicate) that aren’t already provable without the truthaxioms.This is definitely one of my favorite books this year.While many textbooks now state that Jefferson was part of a five-man congressional committee, but do not mention a word of those ninety documents produced in less famous chambers.It also requires the stabilizing awareness provided by mindfulness, which is like the boy who offers his shoulder.We live in an age of misinformation, social media facades, and half-truths designed to manipulate rather than inform. Chief Justice Roberts presagedthis issue in oral argument, when he opined that "thedistinction between half-truths and omissions strikes me as onethat might be hard to apply in practice."53 Indeed,this is the theory that the Macquarie plaintiff has nowpromised to pursue in its case.54 The Court then addressed the respondents' argument that aplaintiff need not plead any statements rendered misleading by apure omission, because reasonable investors know that Item 303requires a company's periodic filings—in a section knownas the Management's Discussion & Analysis—to discloseall known trends and uncertainties.47 Relying again onthe words "statements made" in Rule 10b–5(b), theCourt rejected the plaintiff's argument, explaining that it"shifts the focus . . . from fraud todisclosure."48 Answering a precise question increasingly raised by securitiesfraud plaintiffs, the United States Supreme Court held inMacquarie Infrastructure Corp. v. Moab Partners that afailure to disclose information cannot support a private actionunder Rule 10b–5(b) if the failure did not render anystatements made misleading. Instead I realised it was a reminder that sometimes it’s best to give people only as much as they can handle. Axiomatic Theories of Truth The use of inaccurate data, half-truths, and disinformation to spread hate and division is considered a key driver behind last year’s attack. That is, perhaps all truths are hard truths, but for practical reasons of the sort that Millgram has outlined, we must get along in the world by only partially believing what is fully true. After all, we do have a notion of “degrees of belief”, and while this concept is often taken to be something of an abstraction itself in probability theory, one might well think that, just from ordinary language, one can believe something more or less. This is all the more surprising because, in one my favorite parts of the book, he rejects deflationism as being a good theory of how philosophers have come to think about truth, as opposed to truth itself. Remember that half-truths are not the truth. Such is the problem with half-truths. Half-truths avoid what is actually meant and live in technicalities and “portions” of truth. Half-truths are sinister because they involve just enough of the truth to make the lie seem less obvious or offensive. The Solicitor General relied primarily on legislative purpose- protecting financial institutions- but ultimately acknowledged that Congress did not explicitly mention “misleading” conduct. Congress could have used the word misleading, as it had in other statutes, if this had been its intention. While other statutes use the word misleading, § 1014 does not. Thompson v. United States stands for the narrower and plain language meaning of the statute. He was convicted under 18 U.S.C. § 1014 for making false statements to federal bank regulators about $219,000 in loans from a failed bank that he had not repaid. The most convincing lies do not sound like lies, they sound like the truth. The study contributed to the extant literature by examining whether the association between goal orientation and emotional state, which is predicted by goal orientation theory, could be found in the selected understudied student population. It focused on an understudied population of female college students of Saudi Arabian descent who were enrolled in a challenging writing course. To facilitate the discussion, each focus group combines open questions with card-sorting tasks. Since the structure of sentences considered as types isrelatively clear, sentence types have often been used as the objectsthat can be true. The formal work on axiomatic theories oftruth has helped to specify exactly which infinite conjunctions can beexpressed with a truth predicate. According to many deflationists, truth serves merely the purpose ofexpressing infinite conjunctions. Certain natural theories of truth, however,fail to be conservative (see Section 3.3 below, Field 1999 and Shapiro 2002 for further discussion). But in the special context of the Noble Eightfold Path ethical principles are subordinate to the path's governing goal, final deliverance from suffering. They are not prescribed merely as guides to action, but primarily as aids to mental purification. Though the principles laid down in this section restrain immoral actions and promote good conduct, their ultimate purpose is not so much ethical as spiritual. Itseems clear that the notion of a structure for Fregean formalizedlanguages is minimally reasonable, in the sense that a structuremodels the power of one or several meaning assignments to make false(the logical form of) some sentence. The notion of model-theoretic validity mimics the notion of universalvalidity, but is defined just with the help of the set-theoreticapparatus developed by Tarski (1935) for the characterization ofsemantic concepts such as satisfaction, definability, and truth. Even on the most cautious way of understanding the modality present inlogical truths, a sentence is a logical truth only if no sentencewhich is a replacement instance of its logical form is false. I found that his approach to these half-truths helped me to reflect on my own beliefs and assumptions. I genuinely believe that the insights gained from this text can help individuals navigate life’s challenges with a renewed sense of hope and clarity. In terms of practical application, the lessons found within “John The Gospel of Light and Life” can be integrated into daily life, fostering a sense of peace and purpose. Second, customers are becoming, and starting to lean into, a sense of empowerment; they communicate what they stand for with their wallets and social media shares, and messages of equality have a pervasive appeal. Lloyds Banking Group’s 2016 review of British advertising found that many minority groups were underrepresented in advertising, and only 47 percent felt that they were accurately portrayed. As a consequence, services and products often reflect a stereotypical view of the customer. And when customer segmentation is considered, it is more in terms of a customer’s financial profile than who customers are as people. Our view is that tangible goals have often been bluntly crafted and poorly communicated. Except among those who reject the notion of logical truth altogether,or those who, while accepting it, reject the notion of logical form,there is wide agreement that at least part of the modal force of alogical truth ought to be due to its being a particular case of a trueuniversal generalization over the possible values of the schematicletters in “formal” schemata like \((1')-(3')\). In part 1 of this entry we will describe in very broad outline themain existing views about how to understand the ideas of modality andformality relevant to logical truth. And expressions such as“if”, “and”, “some”,“all”, etc., which are paradigmatic logical expressions,do seem to be widely applicable across different areas of discourse.But the idea that logical truths are or should be formal is certainlynot universally accepted. That a logical truth is formalimplies at the very least that all the sentences which are appropriatereplacement instances of its logical form are logical truths too. A widespread, perhaps universally accepted idea is thatpart of what should distinguish logical truths from other kinds oftruths is that logical truths should have a yet to be fully understoodmodal force. In point of fact, however, Millgram’s book presents entirely different and original arguments against the traditional view that all truth is hard truth. However an honest statement would have been, “DuringGovernor Smith’s term, the state had a net gain of twomillion jobs.” Advertiserswill sometimes use half-truths. Built around a day in the life of Muharrem, a hearing-impaired man, it revealed a new world in which Muharrem’s neighbors engage with him for the first time in sign language, allowing him to feel much more connected to his community. There is time spent introducing characters, slowly stumbling upon answers, learning about and becoming a part of the secret societies, focusing on family, falling in love, and racing through heart pounding action scenes. Would as many people buy into the proposition of a credit card if the banks shouted out the 24-36% interest rate they charge as loudly as the benefits? In fact, for every major choice you make in your life, you can be quite sure that someone is try to sell you a proposition. What’s worse, not all salespeople look like or talk like, well, salespeople. Since the goal of a sales pitch is to persuade (and not merely inform), sales pitches focus only on the benefit half, embellishing it to make it appear highly appealing and reinforcing it with repetition. Through the game that shares the book’s title, Barnholdt explores how people construct narratives to protect themselves or manipulate others. Each girl must reckon with her own truths and lies, leading to revelations that reshape their relationships. The narrative cleverly introduces the game of "Four Truths and a Lie," symbolizing the book’s central motif of truth versus deception. But beyond this thereis little if any agreement about what generic feature makes anexpression logical, and hence about what determines the logical formof a sentence. That logical expressions include paradigmatic cases like“if”, “and”, “some”,“all”, etc., and that they must be widely applicableacross different areas of discourse is what we might call “theminimal thesis” about logical expressions. The idea that the non-schematic expressions in logical forms, i.e. thelogical expressions, are widely applicable across different areas ofdiscourse is also present from the beginning of logic, and recurs inall the great logicians. For philosophers who accept the idea of formality, as we said above,the logical form of a sentence is a certain schema in which theexpressions that are not schematic letters are widely applicableacross different areas of discourse. What is perhaps more important, Wittgenstein gives nodiscernible explanation of why in principle all the “logicalproperties” of the world should be susceptible of beingreflected in an adequate notation. Right effort provides the energy demanded by the task, right mindfulness the steadying points for awareness. To do so, however, the factor of concentration needs the aid of effort and mindfulness. Wisdom is the primary tool for deliverance, but the penetrating vision it yields can only open up when the mind has been composed and collected.