Less visible implications include one’s own reflections on what ideas and actions are suitable in a normative and socially acceptable sense. This chapter draws on the case study of the ELF to demonstrate the analytical potential of conducting a quantitative tactical analysis of activism of social movement groups in order to debunk hyperbolic tropes of “terrorism”. At its best, the “diary of actions” represents an accurate, well-researched history of the ELF and affiliated movements. They include 1) the students’ personal situation, 2) the socio-cultural context and familial milieu in which the student is embedded, 3) the institutional and academic domain, and 4) the broader, macro-public domain, which includes larger structural and political-economic issues.By portraying this as terrorism, the threat to business is made to seem greater (and certainly the penalties imposed by the courts are heavier), so the role of the “expert” is made to seem more vital.Then the best lactic should be chosen at each given time to ensure the most damage will be done.During the same period of intense focus upon radical environmental and animal rights activists, actual harm was skyrocketing against human beings (typically of historically persecuted minority groups).“We want people traveling from Broken Bow to Texarkana or Fayetteville to Shreveport to think, ‘Let’s stop in De Queen,’” Babb said.Arkansas law stipulates that data captured from these cameras shall not be retained except when it is used to issue a warning or citation.This pronouncement was seen in George W. Bush’s proclamations after 9/11 that the best way to fight against terrorism is to go out shopping, to continue consuming. We take inspiration from Luddites, Levellers, Diggers, the Autonome squatter movement, the ALF, the Zapatistas, and the little people—those mischievous elves of lore. These connections can be understood as being interdependent with black, queer, trans, indigenous, and women’s liberation movements. Ers who were unwilling or unable to articulate links between environmentalism and social justice” (2014, p. 55). Linear approaches to progress and activism often fall prey to fragmenting activist movements and pitting activists against each other. NH2026 USA Powerlifting Odyssey Barbell Club ClassicJun 27, 2026 - Jun 28, 2026 In letters to the judge, Lee’s children say the family had enjoyed a comfortable middle-class life in Orange County. Some people may also be swayed by the idea of taking a supplement they are told is all-natural. The FDA also said that dietary supplements tainted with drugs are considered drugs under the law and the agency “does not have mandatory recall authority” over them. Any effort on the part of this administration and this Congress to assure homeland security must include a response to domestic environmental terrorism. It was approved by four federal agencies, one state agency and two local governments. The FBI and all of our federal, state and local law enforcement partners will continue to strive to address the difficult and unique challenges posed by eco-terrorists. The difficulty investigating such groups is demonstrated by the fact that law enforcement has thus far been unable to affect the arrests of anyone for some recent criminal activity directed at federal land managers or their offices. KS2026 USA Powerlifting Kansas Ladies of IronMay 2, 2026 We will share information on the SNAP website at humanservices.arkansas.gov/u/SNAP Identify local food pantries, churches, and community organizations that can provide temporary food assistance. That means many community partners, including Area Agencies on Aging, Community Action Agencies, and the Division of Services for the Blind, have had to pause services. He removed his yellow jail-issued shirt and tossed it over the razor wire before climbing over and escaping the property. In boys action, De Queen improved to 4 and 5 on the season with a 45 to 28 victory over Fouke. Supporters can also donate directly using the QR code shared on KDQN’s Facebook page and flyers circulating throughout the community. In particular, by studying the combined texts in this book, you will see an increasingly revolutionary assessment of the oppression from which we suffer and the liberation for which we strive. Whether under the cover of darkness, in the spotlight of the media or under pressures of the U.S. government, a lot has evolved over the last five years. This book is being published not only for posterity, but more to display an evolution in the ideology and tactics of the struggle that is not easily noticeable in studying any of the original publications on their own. Rather than continue in what I had grown to understand is a counterproductive direction, I resigned from my position as spokesperson for the NAELFPO and began searching for the next step towards liberation. In my resignation statement (chapter 8) I address the issues of nonviolence and single-issue politics directly, refusing to bow to what I continue to see as a disturbing and extremely self-defeatist trend in radical politics. The timber corporations argue that today in the United States more forests exist than perhaps at any time in the last century or more. Instead of valuing trees and forests for being necessary providers of life, the U.S. All of these life forms co-exist symbiotically to naturally create the rich and healthy ecosystems needed for life to exist on this planet. This includes at least 230 endangered plant and animal species. DE QUEEN – A newly organized effort to breathe fresh life into downtown De Queen is gaining momentum after months of planning, community surveys and guidance from experts with the Arkansas Main Street Program. Youth will connect with industry leaders, learn about career opportunities in the livestock industries, and develop friendships that will last a lifetime. While further disciplinary actions may be taken, authorities said the escape was not due to criminal negligence and that no charges are expected against jail personnel. Nabholz has now appealed the ruling, an action county officials said was expected. Earlier this fall, the Sevier County Circuit Court granted the county summary judgment, ruling that Sevier County is protected by statutory qualified immunity under state law. Chapters continue the struggle against oppression in all forms and have contributed to social mobilizations from Occupy Wall Street to Black Lives Matter. For this reason, DGR rejects transgender people as the misogynistic reconstruction of patriarchal gender roles. Foreseeing the effects of civilizational collapse they hope to bring about, DGR’s leading writer Derrick Jensen predicts, “We will see an increase in violence against people of color…. Calling itself Deep Green Resistance (DGR), this group grafts the history of anarchist organizing during the Spanish Revolution onto promises of a future egalitarian society following a race war concomitant to the collapse of industrial civilization. Their inane efforts at and critical relationship to Unabomber-style revolutionism (something like a “revolutionary traditionalism”) would draw most of society toward a strong state rather than a long lineage of libertarian and egalitarian ecological and economic movements. By attacking a seemingly definitional component of American culture, federal response will rise to meet it—especially in an era of terror.But users have also described troubling side effects like headaches, a common enough problem that some packages boast of a “new formula” that comes with “no headache.” In rare cases, people who took the pills have suffered life-threatening injuries.Alongside the public actions of Senator McCarthy, emanating from his February 1950 speech in which he referred to a blacklist of communist sympathizers working in the State Department, were those of FBI director J.The term is utilized to segment ideas, without engagement with the sociopolitical basis for the actions of those targeted.Corporate managers understand that depicting activists as terrorists is preferable to recognizing them as serious critics with identifiable goals supported by rational arguments that would have to be acknowledged and answered. It should be used sparingly, rather than loosely and be limited to certain categories of gross violations of human rights and international humanitarian law—roughly the peacetime equivalent of war crimes (Alex & Schmid, 2004). The data suggests that the label “ecoterrorism” has been misapplied to a form of political militancy that falls short of what can reasonably be called “terrorism” since there have been practically no deliberate deadly attacks on civilians that would warrant the use of such a loaded term. While it is true that the preceding findings were constructed around an a priori agenda—namely providing defensible data for furthering nuanced and well-informed debates regarding emergent social movements—this is no different than scholarship that came before or will likely come after. This rhetorical framing—especially that dealing with tactics and targeting—supports the increased government repression of leftist movements through targeted legislation such as the Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act of 2006 and the larger atmosphere of the “Green Scare” (Potter, 2011). One of the first things I learned when I got involved in the struggle was how the movement deals with the media. These pages contain the texts of documents representing and influencing a movement that grew so significant as to be named the number-one domestic priority of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. This book has been reprinted because it is an important resource for understanding an important time and place in recent American history. This book is not about where I feel the Earth Liberation Front succeeded and failed, or where I think the movement should go from here, although those are topics we should all be thinking about. As a simple matter of statistics, you’re most likely to be betrayed by someone you’ve worked with…and the fewer cooks in the kitchen the fewer people there are to stab you in the back. The ELF is organized into autonomous cells which operate independently and anonymously from one another and the general public. This praxis—the appeal to autonomous, self-organisation, and cooperation—mirrors the organisation of the ELF. Eco-terrorists are the people getting burned by the ELF. And if you think about what you are saying when you are calling them eco-terrorists or just terrorists in general, you realize that they are not engaging in terrorism. Sometimes there might be a good reason to not claim responsibility for something and I think that is necessary in some situations, but as a spokesperson I can’t say that is ELF just because there is spray paint. And the third is to express to the public through the media or through whatever source they feel necessary their intent and their reasoning and their logic behind whatever they are doing, to expose the oppression they are fighting against. Like, if there was a fish tank in the building or a dog or something like that, they would eliminate the threat of harm to that animal, let alone a security guard or someone sleeping in the building or whatever. WA2026 USA Powerlifting Festival of SteelJul 25, 2026 At this point in time there exists the immediate need for individuals to step outside of societal law and work to directly stop the destruction of life, by any means necessary. The ELF recognizes this flaw in conventional nonviolence theory and also realizes that remaining safely inside state-sanctioned societal law while attempting to create social and political change will never work. Frequently, when this question is asked there is usually some reference made to the ELF members showing cowardice by not publicly taking responsibility for actions. Another obvious realization we must make is that the popular environmental movement has not and will not succeed along its current path. When there is no legitimate argument for your actions it is often your best move to change the subject, to create a false debate in order to divert attention from the real issue at hand. In either case the actions must not only become more strategic and of an intensified scale but they must also occur with a much greater frequency. If the goal is to end environmental destruction and the suffering and murder of life on this planet, then a clear look must be taken at the real enemy. The above actions are presented here to demonstrate the possibilities of direct action against the idea of desire. Cross-border Simulation Giraffe Rhino lion zebra Elephant Baboon Buffalo White-tailed Deer Wild Animal Model Ornaments I strongly believe that no matter what you are doing, you must constantly evaluate and re-evaluate your actions and work to ensure what you are doing is the most effective at any given time. From the time I began acting as an ELF spokesperson in 1997, I have watched, listened to and/or read as so-called representatives of this environmental movement have spoken quite negatively of the ELF’s tactics and beliefs. They usually use the pretext of some crime that has been committed that has a political nature to it to begin to investigate social movements. My lawyer and I discussed all of our possible defenses and whether or not to take a plea bargain, but I made it clear that answering questions about other people, or my private life was out of the question. Examples of the discursive shift toward terrorism and the potential impacts of this key rhetorical change are elaborated upon later in the piece. Alterations to the statute went beyond simple naming to include further expansion of the definition of terrorism and enlarged powers for the courts to sentence wrongdoers. In 2006, Congress amended the law and renamed it the Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act (Public Law 109–374;18 U.S.C. § 43). It describes the innovations brought by Ferdinand de Saussure, structuralism and transformational-generative grammar in more detail, mentioning other movements and areas of linguistics only briefly.The following communiqué is the first public notice by the ELF of solidarity with activists who are being repressed for their support of the underground organization.DIERKS – The Outlaws are in the running for a $1 million football field renovation, thanks to tremendous support from across Southwest Arkansas.Many “pro-life” groups endorsed this (Army of God, n.d.).I see and personally hope that there is no proof that the movement in general should view the tactics of the ELF as the end-all of action for liberation.If you begin with nothing, work hard all your life, you too can become wealthy, powerful and can visit the planet’s premiere facilities, including Vail. This is also a call for direct action against globalization in solidarity with all of the anti-FTAA actions scheduled in Canada later this month. This visit was in solidarity with all people of all nations to fight globalization, and to support the growing anti-global sentiment. These actions will continue until the Fisher family pulls economic support from the lumber industry, regardless of whether with the Pacific Lumber Company or otherwise. It will be a long fought battle and more actions are planned in the future. Therefore, it is not enough to work solely on individual environmental issues; the capitalist state and its symbols of propaganda must also be targeted. The cell structure is a type of guerilla tactic that has been successfully employed by various movements around the world for ages. Due to the autonomous and underground aspects of the ELF cells, an infiltration into a cell by no way means the entire movement will be stopped. This action caused an estimated $450,000 in damages to the facility and the release of 448 wild horses and 51 burros. In November 1997, the ELF officially claimed responsibility for the group’s first action in North America. Today’s severe punishment of nearly 20 years in federal prison should serve as a cautionary tale to those who would conspire to commit life-threatening acts in the name of their extremist views. Ellerman admits to being part of a radical environmental organization, yet he was not prosecuted under enhanced federal statutes. The stakes are seemingly higher in the case of fighting terrorism rather than the preservation of law and order. The second one is to take any necessary precautions to prevent injury to humans or animals. Or ten years from now, someone could come across it and start taking action. This is a group where even if all the ELF cells were taken out tomorrow, next week someone could come across the ELF guidelines, form their own cell and start taking action. And that makes it so the people who get busted for Vail are unable, even if they wanted to, which I’m sure they don’t, they are unable to lead the authorities to the people who are responsible for Boise Cascade. These findings are drawn from an analysis of the movement’s attack history as presented via their above-ground support structure, the North American Earth Liberation Front Press Office (NAELFPO) (BBM, n.d.; NAALPO, n.d.). Conversely, this study seeks to present evidence which can then be held up against a variety of definitions of terrorism that have in common a focus on deliberate attacks against unarmed human beings in order to intimidate, coerce or otherwise influence a larger audience. In exploring these networks of clandestine eco-saboteurs and arsonists, one is often tempted to construct a definition of terrorism and, following that, present one’s case comparatively to that set of parameters. I want to show the reality of my death, to display my body in public; I want the public to bear witness. Animal and social justice advocates are often critiqued “for caring about ‘little things,’ like individuals and beings with feelings,” through the assumptions that the nonhuman world does not have feelings, and that human feelings are not valid ways of knowing (Davis, 1995, p. 202). This process removed what was communal and imposed concepts of property and ownership on these spaces and living beings. We see the devastation of the earth and her beings by the corporate warriors, as feminist concerns. Ecofeminism is a theoretical and activist movement that understands feminism and ecological justice as interdependent struggles and centers a critique of capitalist patriarchy. DE QUEEN – De Queen firefighters are encouraging county residents who live near De Queen but outside the city limits to renew their fire department memberships with the new year underway. Media coverage has reported that her addiction began while working in nursing, escalated over time, and ultimately led to periods of homelessness before she entered recovery. By documenting the human behavior and legal practices of an earlier era, we can see how it shaped the community long before the modern systems we know were in place. As Karen Mills notes in the foreword, many of the cases are disturbing and serve as reminders of a time when violence and justice unfolded very differently than they do today. Wednesday when he was dragged from beneath a bunk in a back cell of the county jail, where he had been hiding since his supposed ‘escape’ last Saturday night.” “Leopard football has been a huge part of my life, and I am honored to be trusted with this program. “What excites me about this hire as athletic director is knowing I am hiring a coach I would trust with my own children, as well as the children of this community. During that time, his teams showed significant growth, posting an overall record of 15-12, including a 14-5 mark over the last two seasons. Why don’t members of the ELF use more traditional tactics to achieve environmental protection? The ELF is not an ecoterrorist organization or any sort of terrorist organization, but rather one that is working to protect all life on planet Earth. What if people were honestly told why the group exists and who its targets are? When a news event takes place it should be the responsibility of the news agency to provide a balanced, objective view of the events to the public, free from labels and other forms of mind coercion. Instead, what NBC, CBS, ABC, CNN and the others showed the public were heavily censored and filtered computerized images that appeared like a video game. DE QUEEN – Arkansas residents and property owners are reminded that they have until the end of business today (Oct. 15) to pay their personal and real property taxes and avoid a 10 percent late penalty. The charges stem from Carver’s arrest following a raid on his home in Lockesburg by law enforcement in March. “Their verdict speaks for the values of this community — accountability, safety, and justice.” “We are grateful to the jurors for their attention, their time, and their courage in holding this defendant accountable,” Bradford added. A refusal to make this reflection is also a refusal to make an honest life commitment to the cause of justice and protection of life on this planet. With this realization in mind, the ELF maintains that it is only logical to work to remove the profit motive from killing the Earth and all life on it. The ELF realizes that the destruction of life is not a mere random occurrence but a deliberate act of violence performed by those entities concerned with nothing more than pursuing extreme economic gain at any cost. It may be more realistic to refer to the organization as one that works to protect all life on the planet. Harry Styles Just Announced A Seven-City Residency Tour, Including 30 NYC Dates Therefore, in the case I already used, the people who are responsible for Vail might not know-- and most likely have no idea-- who was responsible for Boise Cascade. You can follow those guidelines, form your own cell and begin taking action in the name of the Earth Liberation Front. But at the same time it goes beyond that, because what they’re displaying is a non-hierarchical structure, which is essentially a model of a solution to the sort of oppressive aspects of hierarchy which we are living under in this society. They have no idea if the person or people that are responsible for Vail are also responsible for Boise Cascade. In 1997, Douglas Ellerman was considered part of a fringe group of activists who destroyed property in an attempt to make a political point. “Anna” was a paid informant who asked for the position with federal law enforcement after years of work as a volunteer infiltrator of left-leaning movements (Todd, 2008). The term itself originates from the Center for the Defense of Free Enterprise in an attempt to set the agenda in the face of the growing environmental protest movement of the 1980s and early 1990s (Potter, 2011, p. 55). In 1997, the word “ecoterrorism” was not part of the federal government’s lexicon even as new domestic terror statutes were in effect. Terrorism connotes more than just a definitional characteristic of the actors and actions participating in political violence; it also gives wide leeway to those in pursuit. Thus, the ELF does not recruit members to a preexisting organization, but rather encourages people to start their own micro-organizations to further ELF’s ends. There appears to be no intramovement communication between ELF cells, and demonstrations or events at which ELF adherents could congregate are markedly absent (Garfinkel, 2003). Rosebraugh and Pickering would then act as publicists for the perpetrators, conducting media interviews that would publicize the communiqués. When a Wotan “goes active” he severs all apparent or provable ties with the political arm. The destruction of the car dealership in West Covina, California, was an attempt to spread a further reaching, symbolic message against disproportionate consumption of fossil fuels by luxury automobiles and the tax breaks available to owners due to federal loopholes (Plungis, 2002). These four events committed by loosely organized cells of activists, in the case of the Aspen ski resort, the San Diego event, and the “green” rural cluster development, attempt to draw attention to three specific cases previously challenged in formal legal channels. They call attention to specific instances of environmental degradation as well as reveal topics of larger environmental concern. Fast forward to 2002 and for the first time we see descriptions of “the challenge to respond to animal rights and ecoterrorism” (DOJ, 2002). While their actions gain enough prominence to make the cover of the report, they are still described in terms of radical activists. The 1998 DOJ Terrorism in America briefing uses an image from an ELF action in Colorado as the cover of the report, yet refers to ELF as “an extremist environmental movement” (DOJ, 1998). The American Legislative Exchange Council reportedly helped draft approximately six “ecoterrorism” laws as recent as December 8, 2004. It cannot be denied that ELF actions have caused millions of dollars of damage in economic sabotage and, thus, the group represents a threat. The “terrorist” label presents an interesting choice for the ELF and for those who undertake ELF-style actions. Many ELF activists and supporters consider themselves freedom fighters who defend Mother Earth against the increasingly damaging encroachments of capitalist industries—timber, automobile, housing, etc.—whose only concern is profit regardless of any social or ecological costs or consequence. While Luers does not affiliate with the ELF, he did take similar measures in making sure that his actions at the dealership would not harm anyone. Only this time a second individual had been subpoenaed for the same time on the same day in Portland. With all of the stress from the grand jury harassment and pressure from federal authorities, I simply had and continue to have a major memory problem. With my attorney’s assistance, I worked through question after question one at a time for two hours. Given the relatively low number of individuals estimated to be taking part in these actions, the ELF, and the use of covert tactics in general, have proven extremely effective. It is this individual involvement from people all over the world that justice and the protection of life relies upon. The future of the ELF depends largely on the growing number of people globally concerned about the destruction of life. The sixth chapter, “The Myth of ‘Animal Rights Terrorism,’” written by John Sorenson, argues that the assumed connection between animal rights advocacy frequently linked with terrorism needs to be critically examined. In the last section “Current Perspectives” contemporary scholars reflect back on the ELF and explore aspects and strands of the group’s thoughts and actions and explore their contemporary relevance. If you are reading this text because you want to become an activist for social change and liberation, there are a few suggestions the editors of this book recommend you follow. The time for total liberation and revolution for all, human and nonhuman, is now. Teachers need to teach students how to liberate and achieve justice, not in abstraction, but in real, tangible actions such as how to blockade roads, fight against Nazis and the KKK (Nocella II, Bentley and Duncan, 2012). “Almost every hunter who puts in some time on the water in Arkansas’s public alligator hunting areas will see a legal alligator to harvest. Many times in life, you can learn as much from adversity as you can from success. Lanxess in El Dorado and Albemarle in Magnolia now employ over 1,000 people in the bromine extraction process. Other attractions include a kids zone with a maze, giant slides, and face painting, a haunted house, arm wrestling tournament, mechanical bull rides and even a costume pet parade. Night and day, heat and cold, one and the other in their multiplicity must be accepted as valid in that and in what they are within the balance of life.Unfortunately, the deeper message that ELF seeks to convey, which is that life is sacred and not negotiable, will fall on deaf ears in backrooms where the natural environment is bartered as a commodity for consumption.Third, time itself is an actor.To ward off elfshot and heal potent magic, peasants would keep “rotund little shapes with spritely grins” as charms (p. 137).Widespread community support has been shared for Wright and his family during this difficult time.The escalating battle between activists and the corporate-state complex. Residents are also reminded to protect pets and animals and to check on elderly neighbors and relatives. “The best thing people can do is stay home if they don’t have to travel,” Brown said. Rain showers, freezing rain and sleet are expected Friday evening, with heavy sleet possible at times overnight. As conditions worsen late Friday into Saturday, city and county officials are coordinating efforts to address hazardous road conditions. Brown said SWEPCO has notified the city that utility crews will be pre-staged in De Queen, a move intended to speed response times if power outages occur. To do this, deep ecologists want society to give moral weight to the natural world in making political and social decisions. Likewise, the complacency and compromise found in the environmentalism of the 1970s was itself the necessary spawn for the original EF!. For example, in both the United States and the United Kingdom the ELF formed only after many environmental activists rejected ecotage as a valid tactic. Secondly, we should recognize the important role that political compromise and “moving to the center” play in radicalizing activists. In addition, ELF ecotage is also meant to question and confront the social, economic, and political realities of the world and to undermine them through their active problematization. Before this point, the crimes committed by members of ELF were prosecuted just as any other arson or act of property destruction, many times at the state rather than federal level. In this instance, congressional testimony serves as the point of departure from reactionary policing and toward preemptive, concentrated, and organized prevention of actions by direct action environmentalists. Descriptions of terror also demonstrate a moral high ground for federal officials and allow the construction of activists as irrational or insane actors outside of political and/or ethical consideration. Thus, assorted actions fall within varying definitions of justified “ecotage” including animal release, vehicle sabotage, and tree spiking. The race for county coroner will be between Jason Ray Jones and Reann Hagan. Republicans Kevin Sanders and Brandon Kennemore have filed for the office. One of the biggest contests in Little River County will be for county judge, with current Judge Larry Cowling choosing not to seek reelection in 2026. A common argument against the actions of the ELF has been that each target has been covered by insurance so the given entity fails to suffer little if any economic loss. Perhaps the most important and logical question which needs to be asked is, are the actions of the ELF successful? If you believe in the ELF ideology and you follow a certain set of widely-published guidelines, you can conduct actions and become part of the ELF. More recently the ELF continued to broaden its targets with actions taken against a Nike Outlet store in Albertville, Minnesota, against an Old Navy Outlet Center on Long Island, and more. “The people who have invested years into keeping downtown alive are our biggest asset,” Babb said. As the project moves forward—and as Downtown De Queen works toward standing on its own within the Arkansas Main Street network—community involvement will become essential. “We want people traveling from Broken Bow to Texarkana or Fayetteville to Shreveport to think, ‘Let’s stop in De Queen,’” Babb said. Of course, it will also condemn and criminalise those whose actions profit from the intentional abuse, exploitation, and terrorising of nonhuman and more than human worlds. At this time of crisis, when true terrorist tactics are increasingly present in the lived realities of (Western) citizens and urban society it is absolutely critical that the ELF, consistent with anarchist appeals, stays true to commitment to respect and not endanger (human) life. Drawing reference to the (anarchist) praxis consistent with the ELF, from its organisational structure to its use of communiqués, to its championing of direct action as an important moral and political strategy, it is hoped that a better broader understanding of the group has been made. It was always the case that, “the great emancipatory gains for human and more than human freedom have not been the result of orderly, institutional procedures but of disorderly, unpredictable, spontaneous action cracking open the social order from below” (Scott, 2012, p. 141). These definitions contrast with those of ALF supporters, however, who do not consider the rescue of animals from dangerous conditions or property damage to be violence, let alone terrorism. For example, after the 2001 destruction of the World Trade Center, industry propagandists made frequent comparisons between animal activists and al-Qaeda; the anti-environmentalist American Policy Center even suggested that Islamists and ecoterrorists were collaborating to destroy America. Some activists have damaged property but much of this is minor, such as breaking locks or windows to gain entry to rescue animals. Only a few activists engage in illegal actions and many of those acts are not “violent” at all but consist of offences such as trespassing. One propaganda tactic is to portray industry as the real protectors of animals through a discourse of “animal welfare.” Another tactic is to portray activists as extremists, fanatics and, increasingly, as terrorists. In addition to organizing paperwork, the envelope serves as a clear visual signal to law enforcement that the driver may experience heightened anxiety or communication challenges.They’re not necessarily aimed at the overthrow of the United States government.The two case examples are described in ways that show parallel approaches to more recent types of case investigations where soils as evidence are being applied with more certainty in criminal and environmental investigations.Yet, as this next chart makes clear, agroterrorism is a vast national problem.“If you are talking about fires, and the use of incendiary devices, there is the danger of people being near or inside that building, or the fire could spread to another building.A split in a social and political movement classically signifies a weak point that has historically been, and can continue to be, exploited by the authorities and entities who are interested in the movement’s demise.He has taught courses on political violence, terrorism, and sociology at Georgetown University, George Mason University, University of Cincinnati, University of Malta, and Jessup Correctional Institution.National lawyers guild condemns operation backfire as unconstitutional. At the same time, many green anarchists lambaste both social ecology and deep ecology as being reformist and reactionary because of their support for civilizational progress and enlightenment sensibilities. He further states that currently ecotage promotes a negative public image for the environmental movement and has provided opportunities for the entire movement to be cast by its opponents as “ecoterrorists.” Because of this, he feels, the movement needs to discuss dropping the tactic entirely. And like-minded groups, all Western states passed laws increasing the prison sentences for those deploying such action, and stopping ecotage became a central concern for federal employees in both the Bureau of Land Management and the Forest Service (Manes, 1990). While Chiapas, in our opinion, does not pose a fundamental threat to Mexico’s political stability, it is perceived to be so by many in the investment community” (Silverstein & Cockburn, 1995).When I tell people I am a prison abolitionist and that I believe in ending all prisons, they often look at me like I rode in on a unicorn sliding down a rainbow.The construction would fill the coffers of multinational corporations at the expense of the environment and working people everywhere.Authorities stated that Houser’s injuries were non-life-threatening.All too often, the terrorism discourse has come to be employed when capitalism, or the near religious faith in the free market, is directly challenged.Programs deeply affected during the shutdown – like SNAP, air-travel oversight functions, and data-reporting from government agencies – can now resume normal funding and activity.From Malvern to Warren, from Gentry to Springdale, and even powerhouse programs like Bryant, schools across Arkansas have posted on social media urging their communities to vote for Dierks. Of course, this is exactly what the corporations, the various industrial complexes, want people to imagine. Images of clandestine figures moving through the night setting fires, gluing locks, spiking trees, burning SUVs are what most people think about when they hear of the Earth Liberation Front. Indeed, this naming is as Narcissus falling in love with his own reflection and is indicative of the peril in which the earth and its children are placed and the challenges that confront those of the Earth Liberation Front. There has been much debate over the value of its approach and tactics, when fighting to end the destruction that marks our time, the Anthropocene. The collection gives the reader an opportunity to understand and engage in the problems that we all must face as the earth is battered with often irrevocable consequences. In addition, this move by the FBI allowed the formal creation of “joint terrorism task forces” in most larger, urban areas throughout the U.S. In fact, the FBI has referred to the ELF as the leading domestic terrorism threat in the United States. Another step that the protectors of the state and commerce have taken is to have the Federal Bureau of Investigations classify the ELF as a domestic terrorism group. After years of surveillance, harassment, two major raids and property seizures, and numerous grand jury subpoenas, the U.S. Superior Lumber is a typical earth raper contributing to the ecoloaical destruction of the Northwest. (If someone is going to shoot you in the back six times, do you nicely, kindly ask him to shoot you only three or four times? No, you freakin’ turn around and punch them in the face, grab the gun from them, and shove it up their ass!) We respect all life, even our worst enemies that give us cancerous drinking water. But, we do not hurt people, we never have in our long history, and we never will. These actions not only revealed the interconnected relationships between Earth and animal liberation, but also demonstrated the strength of collective direct action. The terrorism discourse when applied to radical environmentalists and animal rights activists who hold a non-violent stance risks conflating acts of civil disobedience engaged in out of compassion with acts of heinous violence and aggression. This obscures the fact that the animal rights and environmental movement have drawn both tactically and philosophically from the civil rights movement and liberation movements. Comparing activists in the environmental and animal rights movements to avowed violent right-wing groups and organizations has several important effects. And that’s referring to human lives, and IEDs, which is the talk that we listen to, we hear of when referring to actions that are taking place 6,000 miles away in Iraq, and what people are undergoing at that point in time. Lambert entered into a long-term sexual relationship with “Jacqui”, a young animal rights activist, fathered a child with her, and then disappeared.Members of the ELF felt it was time to increase the opposition.Hiding pharmaceuticals in over-the-counter products is already illegal, and some researchers question why the FDA hasn’t cracked down further on products it knows are in violation of the law.“What’s incredible is that 75% of those funds come from private donations and community fundraising efforts”, Montgomery said.In contrast, it supports hunting, vivisection, use of animals as entertainers by “circuses, zoos, wild animal parks, aquariums, and private entertainers and foundations” (NAIA, n.d.c).Lavalette (Eds.), Leadership and social movements (pp. 160–177).Statement about this type of action damaging to those of us working on environmental law, damages caused by forcing them to focus on these acts instead of focusing on legislation. Such representations of reality are inherent to the terrorism discourse, having social and political stock as common-sense understandings of reality. In a larger respect, I hope that such an analysis will help to destabilize the ecoterrorist discourse which is currently used to delegitimize radical environmental and animal rights organizations and activists by painting them as irrational and violent existential threats to Western society. As an ideological tool, the terrorism discourse allows elites (social status, economic, and political elites) to effectively secure and protect the status quo by providing what Noam Chomsky (1998) termed a “grave enemy” to channel the active fears and discontent of the population. As Edward Said (2001) has noted, “terrorism is anything that stands in the face of what we want to do…people’s movements of resistance against deprivation, against unemployment, against the loss of natural resources, all of that is termed terrorism” (para. 8–9). The result of these new federal efforts is a significant rise in the level of punishment for property crimes with environmental associations. An adult, Connor Cash, was also arrested on February 15, 2001 and charged under the same federal statutes. By integrating the investigative abilities of the FBI and local law enforcement agencies, these task forces represent an effective response to the threats posed to U.S. communities by domestic and international terrorists. In recent years, the FBI has strengthened its counterterrorism program to enhance its abilities to carry out these objectives. Between fiscal years 1993 and 2003, the number of special agents dedicated to the FBI’s counterterrorism programs grew by approximately 224% (to 1,669—nearly 16 percent of all FBI special agents). While political leaders dither, delay, and deny, the scientific community wonders if there is anything that can be done to stop catastrophic climate change from occurring. This is one of the most fundamental texts within the field of critical animal studies, green criminology, and environmental studies.” “A wonderful academic collection examining eco-terrorism and the Earth Liberation Front from a social justice, sociological, criminological, and critical perspective. This book will save you time in searching for the most pivotal articles on the subject of eco-terrorism and the Earth Liberation Front.” “This outstanding interdisciplinary scholarly text takes us past the media and political propaganda of eco-terrorism and examines what the Earth Liberation Front is and how and why they exist.” As the inevitable, unsustainable nature of contemporary society becomes increasingly more obvious, it is important for scholars and activists to engage with the question, “what is to be done? She is a Ph.D. student at Concordia University, focusing her dissertation research at the crossroads of critical animal geography and ethology. He has published over forty books on socio-political issues and is interviewed by the media regularly. Before the first ELF (US) communiqué was published, in March 1997, ELF actions were reported throughout Michigan, Oregon, Washington, Northern California, and Indiana. The first known ELF actions in North America occurred in British Colombia, Canada, in June of 1995 by “The Earth Liberation Army.” They committed vandalism against trophy-hunting stores throughout the region and committed arson against a British Columbian guide outfitter. Coincidentally, in 1996, small groups of revolutionary environmental activists started engaging in ecotage throughout North America. That year also marked the end of the ELF (UK) as a group, and since then there have been no actions claimed by the group, and ethnographic research has shown “no evidence of a continued ELF presence” (Plows et al., 2004, p. 203). By 1996, actions of ecotage had been reported in most Western European countries. Jurors were also presented with two contradictory statements during their deliberation concerning Anna’s role as an informant, with one set of instructions stating that Anna was not an FBI informant and one statement saying Anna was an agent under the direction of the FBI.It’s only a matter of time before someone gets injured or killed.In Forum on public policy.The discourse on terrorism is essentially a refusal “to grant terrorism and terrorists the consideration of whether or not such actions may be justifiable—for, if they are justifiable, they are no longer ‘terrorism’” (Stampnitzky, 2013, p. 4).Speeches given by Jonathan Paul and Craig Rosebraugh at the 1998 national animal rights conference held at the University of Oregon promoted the unity of both the ELF and the ALF movements.He consistently voted against environmental and public health safety regulations that would affect these industries (Sourcewatch, n.d.).Organizers say the drive aims to ensure every child in the community has a gift to open this Christmas.How can ELF reasonably claim to defend all life, and yet so routinely and recklessly endanger it?In the United States, courts provide a multidirectional tool for competing environmental interests. Nevertheless, the Hearing was a prelude to establishing the Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act (AETA), passed by Congress and signed into law by President George W. Bush on November 27, 2006, replacing the 1992 AEPA. Johnson points out that more murders, attempted murders, acid attacks, bombings, arsons and death threats were conducted by anti-abortionists after 1993 and that the FBI steadfastly refused to categorize this as terrorism. As noted, in other circumstances, rescuing animals from danger is regarded as praiseworthy. Discourses form the basis for how agents understand the world and act as social agents. Discourses are powerful social practices which produce ideological effects because they are representative of reality, that is, they create meaning by representing the world in particular and specific ways. In turn, because CDA understands discourse to be a social practice, the researcher is not divorced from this practice, so that, there is a fundamental relationship between analysis, and the practices and events analyzed (Fairclough & Wodak, 1997; Kress, 1990). CDA is a theoretical and methodological approach which holds that there exists a fundamental relationship between discourse and society, that discourse is a social practice (Blommaert, 2005; Fairclough & Fairclough, 2012; Fairclough & Wodak, 1997; Kress, 1990). The warrants also called for the seizure of any property relating in any way to the particular arson under investigation. Hopefully, you would defend yourself by any means necessary. Observe as cancer rates skyrocket, our national parks are sold off by the board foot, and as the more ‘environmentally-friendly’ technologies are repressed until the last drop of oil is sucked from the Earth. One realistic way that the Earth Liberation Front has achieved this is by burning that piece of property to the ground. When a piece of property exists to bring profits by exploiting communities and destroying natural elements necessary for survival, it is in everyone’s best interests to see that this situation no longer exists. Federal agents were flown in to convince the magistrate not to release me, but due to overwhelming support from the animal, environmental, and anarchist communities I was released on bail! The warrant stemmed from my refusal to appear before a grand jury convened in Portland investigating the actions of the Animal and Earth Liberation Fronts. The only problems I can find with actions like these are that they aren’t happening frequently enough and at severe enough levels. Fresh-Keeping PP Plastic Container for Cooked Food, Fruits, Vegetables, Meat, and Steaks with MAP Sealing From the FBI’s point of view, the overall success of confidential informants in terrorism investigations is demonstrated in the high conviction rate of cases that rely on confidential informants as the primary source of information. Because of this, terrorism must be confronted prior to its actual manifestation, which means predicting who will become a terrorist. Intelligence becomes the primary arena in which terrorism is fought because the terrorist discourse represents the threat as a shadowy and insidious threat. Confidential informants, long a useful tool for law enforcement, have become important and powerful tools for meeting the new demands of intelligence gathering in the era of the War on Terror. I hope that what the case of Eric McDavid demonstrates is the way in which questionable assumptions in the terrorism discourse were simply recycled to present Eric as a dangerous threat. Hundreds of millions of dollars are spent on counterterrorism research and can provide a financial boost to universities. Opponents also said the AETA would have a chilling effect on legal protest in general because activists would fear being charged as terrorists (Potter, 2009). We are grateful to Senators Inhofe and Feinstein, and Representative Petri for introducing companion bills in the Senate and House recognizing the threat to our country posed by animal-rights extremists. “Our activities were totally legitimate—we were not interested in non-violent direct action,” said Linda. In 2009 four activists—Adriana Stumpo, Nathan Pope, Joseph Buddenberg and Maryam Khajavi—were charged under the AETA for protesting at the homes of University of California vivisectors in 2007 and 2008. The NCDE also monitors journalists at political events and demonstrations (Lewis & Evans, 2010). While the NCDE says it does not “usually” focus on peaceful protest and is “mainly” concerned with criminals, it gives itself the mandate to monitor legal protests and suggests that significant links exist between those who protest legally and those who commit criminal acts. I am less sanguine than Jensen about the likelihood of 10,000 years of civilization sickness being wiped out by the actions of even a million dedicated eco-warriors. The leftover time you have is to live your life according to prescribed consumer behaviors. Most people can identify with some aspects of the drudgeries outlined above in our long and tedious endeavor to learn docility and acceptance of the fact that our life belongs to those in power. There is no longer any need for force, because the people—or more precisely those who were once people—have been fully metabolized into the system, have become self-regulating, self-policing (Jensen, 2006a, p. 285). One of the more interesting and controversial implications of property destruction as a political tactic involves the deep roots of liberalism and capitalism in the United States. The majority of prisoners held in these facilities are aligned with modern Islamic radical groups; however, various environmental activists have found themselves confined in these highly restricted areas (Center for Constitutional Rights, 2013). First, violence is perpetrated upon property rather than people. Pet Food, Pet Shampoos and Conditioners, Pest Control and Pet Grooming Aids The idea here is that Eric’s actions would have been directed at producing a general fear among the larger population, misrepresenting the activist community’s goals and motivations. A 20-year term of imprisonment demonstrates that the public does not tolerate those who would generate fear and inflict massive property damage in order to oppose government policy” (U.S. v. McDavid, Government Sentencing Memo, 2008, p. 6). The portrayal of Eric as a domestic terrorist was successful because since the 1980s, radical environmentalists and animal rights activists have been portrayed as dangerous and violent. Furthermore, the criminal direct actions of the ALF/ELF are not directed indiscriminately, the target of such actions is the intended recipient, and the destruction of property in such instances is not intended to signify future violence aimed at harming individuals. Such a voice in song or prayer can attain a simultaneity of self and “relation.” Ego and other is surmounted by a spiritual connection of beings. In such ceremonies the reflexive association with oneself as ego is often surmounted by a more authentic prayerful voice. The focus of liberation was wild horses on BLM lands—classified as invasive and non-native—that are rounded up and auctioned off for slaughter. Spiritual identity with animal “nations” is a recurrent theme in ELF communiqués. During the year, new ceiling fans were installed in the museum annex, and a new portable sign was set up out front to publicize events.Each step has taken us further away from our animality, our wild.Babb informed the council that she is stepping down from her position to spend more time with her growing family.According to Barnett, the ATF’s electronic forms system experienced heavy traffic almost immediately after the law took effect.The organization I worked with at the time, Liberation Collective, had received two communications from the ALF claiming responsibility for these occurrences.It is not concerned merely with logging, genetic engineering, or even the environment for that matter; its purpose is to liberate the earth.In some ways, the world of anarchy and myth became a link between the reaction and egalitarian movements that would be constantly interrogated and engaged with over time. IF they persist in their crimes against life, they will be met with maximum retaliation. The ELF argues that GMOs are an assault on nature and justifications of high technological solutions to social problems. When that does not happen, oftentimes the only option that appears immediately effective is the destruction of laboratories and test sites involved in GMO research (Plows et al., 2004, p. 205). Because of this, activists have called for an immediate ban. Both women urged listeners to perform monthly self-exams and report any changes—such as lumps, swelling, unexplained pain, or skin changes—to a primary care provider immediately. She shared her own breast cancer story to stress the importance of self-awareness. Hospital CEO Stacy Dowdy and Melissa Wright, Director of Radiology and a breast cancer survivor, joined KDQN this week to share life-saving information and personal insight. ’s adherents, at times severely compromised Earth First! The informality of these meetings was striking, sometimes including interruptions such as telephone calls to (or from) other “northern” groups and off-the-point remarks, which often went unchecked…. He noticed that much of the meetings’ inefficiency derived from the anti-authoritarianism that made potential leaders within the movement unwilling to step forward, give direction, and set rules. Demonstrates, however, that at times these two ideals can be less than complementary. We can clearly see the influence of animal exploitation industries on government policy in the case of the British pharmaceutical industry. Thus, headlines about direct actions typically claim, without proof, that these actions are growing more serious. Promoting the menace of animal rights terrorism provides income for “experts” who advise business on ecoterrorism and sell security technology. In their Easter basket we decided to leave four containers of gasoline and a time delayed fuse packed under two of their cement trucks. Although the roof of this Nike outlet did not go up in flames as planned, this action is still a message to Nike they cannot ignore. Instead, direct action is a more efficient tactic to stop Nike in their footsteps. The ELF moniker also lends itself to interpretations that are favorable to both sides of another prominent debate within the environmentalist movement, concerning the role that religion and/or myth ought to play in protest. Thus, for movements predicated on endorsing violent actions, the best strategy would be to limit opportunities for debate while being inclusive of a wide range of ideological positions. These cleavages diverted the movement’s focus away from its initial goal of planning and instigating actions that would protect the wilderness from degradation. In Bron Taylor’s analysis, the Foreman Manes faction are given the nickname “Wilders” because they believed “that tying environmental protection to other issues, such as social justice, anti-imperialism, or workers rights, alienates many potential wilderness sympathizers” (1994, p. 199). Grew, ideological cleavages would indeed compromise its ability to keep actions—not ideas—in the forefront of the movement. The gathering was filled with laughter, storytelling, and admiration for Mrs. Smith’s lifelong accomplishments. During the visit, Mrs. Smith was presented with a Certificate of Appreciation, recognizing her many years of devoted service to DAR and to her community. “It’s a great way for the community to sponsor a kid and make sure they have a special Christmas,” Seymour said. Most financial institutions and banks are also closed, as are public schools and libraries. Veterans Day serves as a solemn reminder of the courage, dedication, and patriotism of all who have defended our country—both in times of war and peace.