However, in rare cases, a positive drug test could result from vaping CBD made with full-spectrum CBD oil that contains some THC. There are three major types of CBD extract that are used in products on the market, and making the right choice is crucial to passing any drug tests. As an estimate (based on very unclear data), 3 days of abstinence from CBD oil would likely be enough to pass the initial drug screening, provided you don’t also use marijuana itself or other THC products. Lynk Diagnostics provides professional and accurate testing services for patients, rehab centers, and employers. The safest choice is CBD isolate with lab results. Gummies may also contain THC if they are full-spectrum. If your CBD is pure and contains no THC, it should not cause a positive test. Even if CBD is legal in your state, employers and courts focus on THC. Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of over 100 chemical compounds found in the cannabis plant, but unlike its more famous cousin THC, it won’t get you high. Needless to say, it’s essential to clear up any confusion—and we’re here to do just that. One of the biggest concerns is whether using CBD can affect your job or other responsibilities by showing up on a drug test. Testing positive for THC due to CBD use can have serious consequences depending on your circumstances. That means broad-spectrum products are slightly more expensive and harder to find than their full-spectrum counterparts. Let’s start with the kind of extract that you should avoid if you are worried about drug testing. Regardless of where it came from, hemp or cannabis, any level of THC can show up on a drug test. This includes all products that contain hemp-derived THC. That amount of THC in your product, however small, can trigger a positive drug test. A CBD product labeled as THC-free may still contain THC, and it’s unlikely that the buyer will have any recourse. While still unlikely, cross-contamination is more likely to occur in facilities that manufacture both CBD and THC products. This form of CBD resembles table salt, but is sometimes preferred by manufacturers because it is easier to infuse into edibles, topicals, and other non-smokable products. Drug tests typically screen for THC metabolites, specifically THC-COOH, which can remain detectable for days after use. Depending on your body composition, metabolism, and how frequently you use CBD, THC can linger for days or even weeks, increasing the chances of it being detected in a drug test. People with faster metabolisms may clear THC metabolites from their system more quickly, reducing the chance of a positive test. THC can build up in your fat cells over time, and consistent use could result in a detectable level of THC metabolites in your system. When a person uses drugs, a proportion of the drug and its metabolites are released into the bloodstream, with a small amount being excreted by the body in a variety of ways. Our Saint Joseph, MO team supports fast, accurate, and confidential testing for both individuals and employers. Knowing the distinction is critical if you’re subject to testing or policy enforcement. Will CBD show in a workplace drug test? Awareness of the specific drug test protocols employed by employers is crucial.Full-spectrum options may contain trace amounts of THC, while isolate versions typically do not.If THC is present in the CBD products consumed, THC can show up in your saliva for up to 48 hours.To answer the questions above, no — the length of time CBD stays in your system is unaffected by whether you take it on an empty stomach or not, nor the strain of hemp.Products labeled “full-spectrum” CBD contain trace amounts of Delta-9 THC, typically at or below the federally legal limit of 0.3% by dry weight.Her attorney says she treated the pain using gummies made with cannabinol, which is another cannabinoid found in cannabis, advertised as a legal aid for sleep and pain management. However, employers should remain aware of any potential CBD-related issues, such as sourcing products that inadvertently contain THC, which could complicate routine drug screening results. It's a comprehensive approach designed to ensure candidates meet the health standards necessary for the role while also incorporating drug testing as a component of broader workplace safety measures. Job health screenings often include elements of drug testing, aiming to assess an individual's fitness for a specific role. THC Free Order the perfect product for you online, and we can ship it to you quickly. Employees can even offer product recommendations. CBD shops, especially online stores, offer product information and educational articles. Consult with a medical professional when it comes to mixing supplements and medications. When considering doses of CBD, look to the manufacturer of the product you are using for recommendations. CBN, which is produced when THC breaks down, produces mild psychoactive effects when consumed. The primary difference between CBN and CBD is their effects. Cannabinol (CBN) and cannabidiol (CBD) are both naturally occurring cannabinoids in the cannabis plant. Yes, CBN has the potential to show up as THC on a urinalysis drug screen because it is very chemically similar. In some states marijuana is legal for both recreational use and medical use.It is possible to find broad-spectrum CBD oil and edibles.Orders will not be shipped until age is verified to be over 21 for all THC products.Products and oils tested in-house and via third-party labs for safety.Occasional users may test positive for 3-5 days, while frequent users may test positive for up to 30 days or more after consuming edibles.Over-the-counter THC tests are available, though not as sensitive as professional lab tests.This type of data is not provided by the black-market CBD products.4 To minimize risk, stick with products that are THC-free or come from trusted sources that provide lab reports verifying the content. This transparency can help clarify any potential discrepancies in the test results and may prevent any negative consequences from a misunderstood positive result. If you prefer the entourage effect — the synergy of CBD, THC, and other cannabinoids working together — but want to minimize risk, try using these products sparingly. THC is the main psychoactive ingredient in cannabis plants — and the primary compound drug tests are designed to detect. When designing or reviewing their drug testing policies, employers should review state and federal laws and regulations and consult legal counsel to ensure compliance. CBD use is not a legitimate medical explanation for a laboratory-confirmed marijuana positive result. Employers across the nation may be affected by a growing number of states legalizing marijuana for medical or recreational purposes, some of which have protections for workers or job applicants who test positive for marijuana. Established in 2004, AlphaBiolabs is an award‑winning and accredited DNA, drug, alcohol and health testing laboratory. Please be aware that our home drug test kits are for peace of mind only, and the results cannot be used in court or for legal reasons. AlphaBiolabs offers two types of home drug tests, designed to give you peace of mind or enable you to seek support for a loved one who is struggling with substance misuse. A drug test will only provide a positive result if certain drugs and their metabolites are detected in a person’s sample. Contaminants, such as cross-reactivity with common substances or adulterants, can skew drug test results, leading to false positives. It’s essential to note that individuals consuming CBD products containing trace amounts of THC may inadvertently surpass these thresholds, leading to unexpected consequences. Drug tests typically have set THC concentration thresholds above which a sample is deemed positive for cannabis use. Full-spectrum CBD products contain a wide array of cannabinoids, including THC (in permissible levels as per regulations), CBD, CBG, and a rich terpene profile, harnessing the entourage effect for enhanced therapeutic benefits. THC, the psychoactive component of marijuana, can stay in the system for several days to a few weeks, depending on the frequency of use. Cannabinoids, including THC and CBD, can be detected in the body for varying amounts of time depending on a number of factors, including the frequency and amount of use, the method of consumption, and the individual’s metabolism. Delta-8 THC, on the other hand, is a less well-known form of THC that is found in much smaller quantities in marijuana. Delta-9 THC is the most well-known form of THC and is the primary psychoactive component of marijuana. Delta-8 THC and delta-9 THC are both forms of THC, but they have different chemical structures and produce slightly different effects. CBD accounts for up to 40 percent of the marijuana extract and does not have psychoactive properties, meaning CBD does not alter a person’s state of mind. Its potential therapeutic effects include reducing anxiety, promoting sleep and controlling pain and epileptic seizures. Frequency of use also affects the drug test. If your CBD gummy bears have THC even in a lower percentage and you are worried about failing a drug test the next morning, follow the following tips. These stores typically offer a wide range of CBD products. A CBD shop or store is a retail establishment that specializes in selling CBD products. We don’t want to see anybody miss out on the positives CBD can bring because of a chance encounter with a bad or unsafe product. It’s how consumers can trust that they are getting products that are both potent and safe. Since CBD is chemically different from THC, standard drug tests are not designed to detect CBD itself. The most common type of drug test is a urine test, which checks for the presence of metabolites — the byproducts produced when the body breaks down a drug. These tests typically screen for illegal drugs, prescription medications, and substances that can impair performance, such as THC. As more individuals turn to CBD for natural wellness solutions, understanding how it interacts with the body — especially in the context of drug testing — becomes crucial. When it comes to CBD and drug testing, we are dedicated to helping our customers make informed decisions by offering clear, factual information. Ultimately, being proactive about your choices will empower you to navigate this complex relationship between CBD use and drug testing successfully. By understanding how CBD interacts with drug tests and being aware of the various types of tests and their detection methods, you can make choices that align with your lifestyle and responsibilities. In conclusion, navigating the world of CBD while being mindful of drug testing requires careful consideration and informed decision-making. CBD isolate is the purest form of CBD, containing no other cannabinoids or THC, making it the safest option for those worried about drug tests. Poor-quality or mislabeled products, particularly from unreliable manufacturers, may have contamination or more THC than legally permitted. CBD isolate contains no THC, making it the safest choice for those concerned about drug testing. Several factors can determine whether CBD use could result in a positive drug test, especially if THC is involved. Over time, especially with regular use, these trace amounts of THC could accumulate in your body and potentially trigger a positive drug test for THC. What Drugs Does a 10 Panel Test Detect? 2026 Guide for Workplace Screening This product is not for use by or sale to persons under the age of 21. In theory broad-spectrum and CBD isolate ought to be safe but it's better to be safe than sorry. Dr. Leslie Mudd now serves as the Cornbread Hemp resident pharmacist and medical expert. In another case, a New York man sued another CBD company after he failed a drug test, also costing him his job, according to Consumer Reports.8 For added peace of mind, you can track your own THC levels with at-home tests. It takes around 4 to 5 half lives for a drug to be essentially cleared from the system, leaving an estimate of 8 to 25 days for CBD to clear your system.Some dispensary CBD products may contain higher THC levels than those legally allowed for over-the-counter hemp-derived products.The trace amounts of THC sometimes found in CBD products are low and extremely unlikely to make you feel high.Very small amounts of THC occurring in the sourcing material can get into CBD oil in concentrations high enough to result in a positive drug test.So, will CBD show up on a drug test?This is an excellent option for those concerned about THC showing up on a drug test but who still want to benefit from the synergistic “Entourage Effect” found in Full Spectrum CBD products.Also, since these products are not FDA-approved, there are no valid prescriptions for them, meaning a positive result on a workplace drug test cannot be overturned by a medical review officer (MRO).This makes it hard to know if there is a trace amount of THC in the products you consume and if that amount is above 0.3%. First things first, do in-depth research to make sure that your CBD product is sourced from hemp and that the company uses proper refining methods to filter the THC out of the extract. If you take CBD oil, you can take certain measures to try to prevent failing a drug test. The reason for this common phenomenon is that CBD products aren’t regulated by the FDA. Interestingly, one study found that almost 70% of the CBD products sold online were mislabelled, causing potential serious danger to its consumers. CBD oil obtained from hemp shouldn’t have more than 0.3% THC. While testing positive for THC while using CBD is rare, it can happen. Researchers from Penn Medicine found that one out of five products found online contained more than 0.3 percent, with some containing 6.4 mg/mL, which is high enough to cause impairment. Meanwhile, in Missouri, school bus drivers are being told by district officials to use CBD at their own risk, warning of possibly testing positive for THC. Other drugs can be undetectable in your body within hours, but cannabis can cause you to “test hot” long after you’ve consumed. A 2017 study of the accuracy in online CBD products found only 30% of tested products were accurately labeled while 42% were under-labeled, and 26% were over-labeled. Some products contain far more CBD than labeled while others contain less. CBD gummies typically take minutes to take effect because they must be digested first.Even though CBD itself is not an illegal or tested substance, some CBD products may contain trace amounts of THC.CBD gummies containing THC can lead to a positive result.Therefore, while under federal law, cannabis is considered a Schedule I drug, the Farm Bill legalized the production of hemp within the parameters of the legislation, effectively helping to drive an increase in the production of and demand for hemp-derived CBD.Though it's often well-tolerated, CBD can cause side effects, such as dry mouth, diarrhea, reduced appetite, drowsiness and fatigue.The reason for this common phenomenon is that CBD products aren’t regulated by the FDA.Again, if THC is present in cannabis edibles, then yes, there’s every possibility that they’ll lead to a failed drug test. Her attorney says she treated the pain using gummies made with cannabinol, which is another cannabinoid found in cannabis, advertised as a legal aid for sleep and pain management. The two of them say that they did everything they could to comply with government social workers after their children were sent to live with their grandparents, and were often paying out of pocket for drug tests and drug assessments. As with Sarah, The Examination could not confirm that Scott consumed hemp-made products, as he claims. Hair and saliva tests can detect THC and THC-COOH at much lower levels.While some people may get relief for various health ailments by using products with CBD, the concern is that some CBD products do in fact contain trace amounts of THC.Cannabidiol (CBD) comes from the cannabis plant, but different plants have their own compounds and chemical compositions, as well as varying levels of THC.Testing showed 44 products (59%) had detectible levels of CBD, but the average ratio of THC to CBD was 36-to-1.Her tests were "positive" based on her use of these legal products.One topic in particular relates to employer-mandated drug testing.These screenings can consist of tests for substance use, health questionnaires, and sometimes a physical exam. Without third-party testing or certification, consumers have no way to verify the THC content. Most of these are related to product quality and THC content. Several factors can lead someone using CBD to fail a drug test. What’s the difference between CBN and CBD? The researchers assessed two different tests, and measured the amount of CBN required to cause a failure (in which CBN shows up as THC). A 2020 study from the University of Utah looked at whether CBN might show up as THC in urinalysis tests. But it may not be drug-test-safe. This means aged flower contains higher amounts of CBN, which they inferred to have sedative properties. If THC is present in the CBD products consumed, it can show up in your hair for up to 90 days. If THC is present in the CBD products consumed, it can show up in your urine for a month or more. Broad-spectrum manufacturing removes most of the cannabis plant compounds, while other chemical compounds, including CBD, remain. Sleeping better when you have pain CBD products are not regulated by the FDA, so the limit can vary and some products have been known to contain higher amounts of THC than the standard 0.3 percent. The standard limit for how much THC you can put in a CBD product is 0.3 percent, not enough to test positive on a drug test. Customers prefer the longer-lasting effects, and the tasty gummies mask some of the unpleasant flavors that you may find with CBD oil. CBD gummies don’t contain THC, and if they do, they’ll likely contain only trace amounts, and should therefore not show up on a drug test. This new legislation has opened the doors for a booming new industry, and farmers are struggling to keep up with the new demand for hemp and hemp-based products. While drug tests are becoming less common in states with recreational cannabis, there are still many private, state, and federal positions that will not hire you if you test positive for THC. If you’re concerned about drug testing, always look for products that have a COA so you can verify what you’re consuming. These parameters work best when you’re buying products on the legal market, where you can access the certificate of analysis, the result from third-party lab testing, for your products. Harvesting and refinement methods can also change the chemical makeup of your CBD oil. Hemp is a plant that comes with higher concentrations of CBD and only trace amounts of THC (usually below 0.3%). Marijuana plants are characterized by the presence of THC — so even when the oil is extracted from a CBD-rich strain, it may still contain detectable levels of THC. Can CBD Result in Positive Drug Tests? Drug tests rely on various methodologies such as urine testing, blood analysis, saliva examination, and hair follicle testing, utilizing immunoassay and mass spectrometry techniques to detect substances in the body. Accurate testing methods, like gas chromatography-mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, are essential to differentiate between these compounds to ensure reliable results. You can take CBD as oils, sprays, lozenges, topicals, capsules, and gummies. If you use CBD and fail a drug test, there are ways to take a closer look at your results. “And I think dispensaries are probably the ones who are doing the best job regulating their products because they have the most to lose.” Tests can also be evaded, falsified, or otherwise tampered with for a false result. Others will drug test after an accident to assess if the employee was impaired and is entitled to workers’ compensation. Some companies will randomly screen employees to ensure compliance with the company’s drug free workplace policy. The typical cutoff for hair testing is 1 picogram per milligram, and 4 nanograms per milliliter for saliva. Hair and saliva tests can detect THC and THC-COOH at much lower levels. 25 Gut Health Hacks is yours absolutely FREE when you sign up to receive health information from Harvard Medical School. Get the latest in health news delivered to your inbox! Medical cannabis is available in more delivery methods than ever before, such as gummy bears, dried flowers, pills, lotions, drops and a variety of edibles, but what exactly does it do? Mislabeling can occur when products aren’t third-party tested or when extraction processes leave behind higher-than-expected THC levels. In some cases, CBD products may contain more THC than they advertise, particularly if they come from unreliable manufacturers. Not all CBD products are created equal, and some may contain higher levels of THC than what’s stated on the label. Although CBD and THC are both compounds found in cannabis plants, they have distinct differences in their effects and how they interact with the body. The testing indicated the edible cannabis products may have very little CBD.8In summary, navigating the world of CBD and drug testing can feel overwhelming, but it’s essential to understand the key points we’ve discussed.Backed by science, and built on the principles of traceability, transparency & trust, we are dedicated to improving the health and wellness of all our customers.The careful selection of flavors and ingredients results in a delightful treat that can cater to diverse tastes while maintaining effectiveness.If these patients test falsely positive for marijuana use due to CBD or CBN, they could be unfairly denied their prescriptions as a result.While these cannabinoids are related, CBD doesn’t create a high feeling when it’s consumed, as THC does.While CBD itself is not addictive, the concern is that products may contain THC.Drug tests typically have set THC concentration thresholds above which a sample is deemed positive for cannabis use.Occasionally the use of CBD gummies with less than 0.3 percent THC doesn’t affect the result of drug tests.It is illegal for companies to make unsupported health or therapeutic claims about the products in their marketing. Do Cbd Gummies Show up on a Drug Test It produces a milder “high” than delta-9 THC and is typically manufactured from hemp rather than marijuana. This is a tricky question, as it depends on the type of drug test and the type of CBD product being used. Additionally, THC levels may be misrepresented in these unregulated products, leading consumers to believe they’re consuming lower levels of THC than they actually are. Get the latest health tips and articles delivered directly to your inbox. While unlikely to cause intoxication, they can accumulate in your system and lead to a positive test. However, with the new “Total THC” regulations, it is safer to travel with Broad Spectrum (THC-Free) gummies to avoid any confusion during TSA screenings. Pain-Free Gardening: Tips for Gardening with Chronic Pain “I think anyone who uses a CBD product regularly who is subjected to drug testing should be concerned about their chances of testing positive for cannabis. Also, since these products are not FDA-approved, there are no valid prescriptions for them, meaning a positive result on a workplace drug test cannot be overturned by a medical review officer (MRO). We hope this article has given you a better understanding of how drug testing works with hemp-derived CBD products. All that's standing between you and an awesome new job is a mandatory drug screening. Drug tests don’t screen for CBD, but that doesn’t mean you’re in the clear. At South Coast, our experts are dedicated to providing comprehensive information to help you make well-informed decisions for your health and happiness in recovery. If you or a loved one is suffering from a marijuana use disorder, South Coast Behavioral Health is here to help. Looking ahead, the landscape for CBD regulation and drug testing is likely to evolve. Failing a CBD drug test (in other words, producing a positive CBD drug test) can result in disciplinary action, including termination, which raises concerns about employee rights. As these innovations develop, they hold the promise of increasing fairness and accuracy in drug testing, especially for those who use CBD for its therapeutic benefits rather than for intoxication. For example, some new saliva tests are being designed to differentiate the compounds by looking at their metabolic byproducts. Emerging technologies are attempting to refine drug testing to better distinguish between CBD and THC. Hemp plants can absorb harmful things like toxins and pesticides from the soil. They may be of legal or illegal origin, or not tested for pesticides, heavy metals and other contaminants. These certificates show that the materials have been tested for pesticides, heavy metals and other contaminants from the soil. This is the most frequently used drug test by employers and organizations. The clinical services offered through this website are provided by Bicycle Health Medical Group, PA and Bicycle Health Provider Group Inc., that are independent, physician-owned medical groups. It can also be helpful to review the product label or contact the manufacturer to get more information about the THC content of the product. Thank you for making this product, it helped me to not only get to sleep but stay asleep. Sleepy Zs CBD gummies have been life changing. Without a doubt it's the best oil out there! You'll soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox. CBDfx products are made with a low-THC form of cannabis called hemp, which is different from high-THC marijuana. Overall, if you use the right CBD products and pay close attention to labels and ingredient lists, you shouldn’t have to worry too much about drug tests. If you are active duty in the military, or you are subject to drug testing through the VA, we advise you to proceed with caution before ingesting CBD products for an extended period of time. By choosing the right products and understanding their contents, you can enjoy the benefits of CBD without worrying about a positive test result.We’ve moved past the “Wild West” era of hemp; today’s consumers demand high bioavailability, verifiable lab results, and products that actually respect Florida’s evolving hemp statutes.The U.S. government’s passing of the 2018 Farm Bill (also known as the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018) boosted the market for these products, as it reclassified industrial hemp from a controlled substance to a regulated agricultural commodity.The detection window for cannabinoids can also vary depending on the type of drug test specimen used.As CBD grows in popularity, experts warn that frequent use may affect workplace drug testing for marijuana use.People taking high doses of CBD may show abnormalities in liver-related blood tests. The thing that made CBN popular is that some people noticed aged hemp flower made them drowsier than newer flower. Hemp is a variant of cannabis sativa containing less than 0.3% THC by dry weight. Cannabinol, or CBN, is a cannabinoid that naturally occurs in the cannabis sativa plant. Therefore, you may test positive for THC if you consume a lot of CBN beforehand. Because of the unregulated nature of CBD products in the United States, an employee can consume a CBD product that contains high enough levels of THC to create a positive drug test result. The second explanation of the positive drug test result has to do with an error in drug testing. This article will break down how drug tests work, the different types of CBD, and how to choose a high-quality product to ensure your CBD gummies don't cost you a job opportunity. These tests look for either THC or THC-COOH, a metabolite that comes from THC breaking down in your system. Ingesting CBD (like oils or edibles) allows more THC to accumulate than topical or vaping methods. Check for third-party lab reports that confirm the absence of THC in the product. CBD oil is a product derived from CBD, which is a cannabinoid naturally found in hemp and cannabis plants. Opting for broad-spectrum or isolate CBD gummies may minimize the risk of a positive test result while maintaining personal freedom. Users should consider the testing accuracy and the potential for full-spectrum products to contain trace THC levels. How can individuals best navigate the complexities of drug testing protocols when using CBD gummies? Many people question whether these products can trigger a positive result. We are a team of experts committed to promoting health & wellness through education, support, and awareness. If you want to play on the safe side, choose CBD to isolate instead of full-spectrum extracts. They aren’t full-spectrum, so there’s no herbal aftertaste on the tongue — just a palate-pleasing fruity punch. A recent FDA report states that CBD can cause sleepiness, sedation, and that may make operating a motor vehicle or machinery dangerous after consuming CBD products.20 People should be cautious with using Brivaracetam (Briviact), Eslicarbazepine (Aptiom), and Everolimus (Zostress).13 Consumers should not take CBD with Clobazam for seizures.14 The use of CBD along with these drugs might increase the effects and side effects of the drugs. This study also notes that products containing THC could have sufficient enough concentrations to produce intoxication in children.9 However, it’s not quite as simple as that. Before we look at “Does CBD show up on a drug test? At the same time, many people also have questions about CBD, and “Does CBD show up on a drug test? A doctor’s advice should be sought before using this and any herbal supplement product. This product should be used only as directed on the label. Choosing between full-spectrum and isolate gummies can feel like picking a side in a candy debate. In the wild world of CBD gummies, where sweet treats meet the potential for a surprise drug test, it's wise to tread carefully. Creating CBD gummies involves a meticulous process that combines various ingredients to produce a flavorful and effective product. Cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are two prominent cannabinoids derived from the cannabis plant, each possessing distinct properties and effects. Full-spectrum options may contain trace amounts of THC, while isolate versions typically do not. With a growing number of products on the market, you can easily incorporate CBD into your daily routine, whether through a morning tincture or an evening-infused tea. As the buzz around CBD grows, more people are trying out CBD products and enjoying the various benefits it offers. The crystals are ground into a powder that can then be made into products. You may have guessed from the name alone, but Full Spectrum CBD contains ALL of the compounds and cannabinoids found in a natural hemp or cannabis plant. In most cases, CBD oil will not show up on a workplace drug test, because standard drug screening panels — including those used by Crystal Health Group — are not designed to detect CBD. This will help reframe your results in a different light in case you do test positive. Pure hemp oil should have no traces of THC in it. If you’re not sure, contact your supplier and verify the amount of THC, if any, is contained in their products. According to experts, you’d have to consume more than 2,000 mg of CBD products containing the 0.3 limit of THC. In terms of financial implications, the cost of a standard urine drug screen can range considerably based on factors such as the panel size and the substances being screened for, with typical costs anywhere from $30 to $60 per test. This makes these tests particularly useful for detecting recent substance use. In many cases, marijuana can be detected in saliva for up to 24 hours (potentially longer in frequent users), while other substances may have slightly varied timelines. However, they are not as effective at identifying long-term use compared to other testing methods.