The FDA’s cannabis overview admits that they still don’t know much. Mixing THC gummies with other substances? Think about the person holding a job, paying bills, and being present at dinner, but needing gummies to unwind every night. Anyone under 25 is playing with fire when it comes to THC gummies. Edible Marijuana Dangers: How Parents Can Prevent THC Poisoning It takes longer to feel the effects of cannabis when you consume edibles compared to other forms of cannabis. You can use cannabis edibles as an alternative to smoking or vaping cannabis. Regularly taking gummies and edibles makes you much more likely to develop an addiction or cannabis use disorder (CUD). Every Mood product is meticulously produced to meet this strict legal standard. Flash forward to 2018, the Farm Bill was signed into law, allowing the cannabis plant to be grown and sold, provided the Delta-9 THC content is less than 0.3% by dry weight. Keep out of reach of children and pets. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Nevertheless, FDA labeling recommends screening patients prior to initiating therapy with THC, and this is a recommendation that should be extrapolated to initiation of medical cannabis regimens 25,26. In a recent study of medical use, cannabis was shown to reduce neuropsychiatric conditions (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress) in the short term, while exacerbating depression over long-term use . Key warnings around cannabis and THC focus on the neuropsychiatric side effects, which are dose-limiting and a primary cause of discontinuation. If you’re thinking long-term recovery, options like halfway housing provide community and help build healthy habits. For many people, cannabis becomes an emotional crutch, their go-to “off switch” after long days or tough news. Using gummies to switch off after work or tune out stress might seem harmless. Calling out THC gummies as a source of stress or dependency can feel confrontational. But once they kick in, the effects can throw your body and brain for a loop, especially if you’re not expecting how intense it gets. THC gummies can feel harmless, chewy, sweet, and wrapped in cute little wrappers. Public hospitals have reported rising visits linked to gummies, often because people don’t recognize that their symptoms aren’t typical. There is a confirmed rise in the number of pediatric hospitalizations tied to edible THC, primarily due to accidental ingestion. If you’ve ever thought, “They’re just gummies, how bad could they be? The belief that cannabis is a benign medicinal plant is extrapolated from younger individuals’ recreational use, but not established for chronic use by an increasingly medically complex and older user base 4,5. While the safety of THC and cannabis has been extrapolated from millennia of recreational use, medical marijuana programs have increased exposure among medically complex individuals with comorbid conditions and many co-prescribed medications. Each of the four states with legalized retail sales also has specific requirements about how edible cannabis products are manufactured. Nutritional information labels for edible cannabis products also vary across states. These findings suggest that consumers of edible cannabis products may not fully understand information provided on Δ9-THC content and dosing. Although lung inflammation may predispose users to pulmonary infection, the degree to which these changes in lung function may lead to chronic pulmonary disease (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder) is unclear (Tashkin, 2005). Qualitatively, cannabis smoke and tobacco smoke seem similar in toxicity, given that both contain a variety of toxins and known carcinogens (Moir et al., 2008). Physiological measures of drug effect (i.e., pulse, blood pressure, and pupil dilation), however, were not statistically different from placebo. One complication with these comparisons is that dronabinol contains only a synthetic version of Δ9-THC, whereas cannabis contains Δ9-THC plus a multitude of cannabinoids and other chemicals, including terpenes and cannaflavins (Russo, 2011). More recently, Cooper and colleagues (2013) found that, while a high dose (20 milligrams mg) of dronabinol resulted in a “high” that was liked and resulted in willingness to take the drug again, ratings following a moderate dose (10 mg) of dronabinol did not differ significantly from placebo. THC gummies and edibles have become more popular in recent years. There are some edibles and gummies specifically marketed with a “CBD-only” label. These products contain cannabis designed to be ingested rather than smoked. Some users may state that cannabis edibles offer certain benefits when consumed in low doses. The dangers and effects of edibles are not as well known as with smoking, with many misconceptions hiding inside their bright, candy-inspired packaging. Unlike smoking, edibles have a longer half-life in the body, meaning the lingering effects stick around. Many of these side effects are also unpredictable and a person may not know how they’ll react to edibles until after they’ve already consumed them. The medications can make the effects of the THC more severe or the edibles can interfere with the medication’s efficacy.7 Some types of marijuana edibles take longer to kick in because they’re absorbed through the digestive system, which takes time. If you’re already taking marijuana edibles but can’t control your usage, you might be showing other signs of addiction and likely need professional help to stop. However, many people who consume these edibles do so without fully knowing the risks involved. The popularity of marijuana edibles has recently increased with the legalization of marijuana in many different U.S. states. Guide on composition requirements for cannabis products Tips for youth to lower health risks when using cannabis Ways to lower health risks when using cannabis THC does not appear to be a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), but may be a substrate (and inhibitor) of other drug-transport proteins . 11-OH-THC is considered to likely be equally, if not more, pharmacologically active as THC, and evidence also suggests that THC-COOH modulates THC effects . The primary approved indication of anti-emesis and increased appetite is modulated through antagonist activity on 5-HT3A receptors, and perhaps other effects on the serotonergic system . THC also has other non-CB receptor activity with somewhat unclear pharmacological effects . A Canadian survey published in 2024 has since shown a decrease in the amount of people smoking and a 15% increase in people ingesting edibles that year.High THC doses in edibles can trigger or exacerbate a catalogue of mental health issues, including anxiety, paranoia and, in severe cases, psychosis.Further, cannabis has significant pharmacodynamic effects, e.g., sedation and cognitive impairment, which can be potentiated with concomitant medications with similar effects or biological targets (e.g., opioids or benzodiazepines) 18,19.We combine advanced medical treatment with holistic care and clinical therapy to support whole-person healing.The Δ9-THC dose in homemade products depends upon the concentration of THCA in the plant from which it is extracted or the Δ9-THC concentration in purchased oil.Edible THC products were involved in more than half the cases.Consumers often do not understand this aspect of edible use and may consume a greater than intended amount of drug before the drug has taken effect, often resulting in profoundly adverse effects. Treatment Options for Marijuana Addiction Dependent upon the state, edibles must be labeled with specific warnings about potential harmful aspects of cannabis and/or labels that provide nutritional information. In Alaska, the first business licenses have been issued, and retail sales, including marijuana edibles, are expected to begin before the end of 2016, once the state has completed the process of licensing testing facilities (Thiessen, 2015). Each state put into place a tax structure and set up a licensing system to regulate the cultivation and distribution of cannabis products before allowing retail stores to begin selling to consumers in 2014. If you use cannabis products, keep them in a locked childproof container and out of the reach and sight of children and pets. Some cannabis edibles have packaging designed to mimic the appearance of well-known branded snacks and candy that appeal to children. If you use cannabis products, keep them in a locked childproof container and out of the sight and reach of children. The many formulations of cannabis extracts used in edibles present a unique regulatory challenge for policy makers.Cannabis (Cannabis sativa; “marijuana”) is the most commonly used illicit substance worldwide, but there is increasing interest and opportunity in employing cannabis and cannabinoids for medical purposes 1,2,3.However, determination of the degree to which cannabis use contributes to development of cancer is complicated by factors such as small sample size and the presence of confounds such as co-occurring tobacco smoking (Volkow, Baler, Compton, & Weiss, 2014).If you use cannabis products, keep them in a locked childproof container and out of the sight and reach of children.Because of this variability, computation of an exact pharmacologic equivalency between a given mass of Δ9-THC contained in smoked cannabis and a mass of Δ9-THC contained in an edible is extremely difficult.However, there have recently been reports of social media advertisements for THC gummies reaching children on platforms like TikTok and Telegram.Sativex® (GW Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA, USA) , a combined Δ-9-THC and CBD product administered as a buccal spray, is indicated for spasticity and neuropathic pain in multiple sclerosis and as adjunctive analgesia for moderate to severe cancer pain.Some companies offer free same-day or next-day delivery, and the drinks are also available in some cannabis dispensaries. With a focus on long-term recovery, our evidence-based services include medical detox, inpatient rehab, outpatient programs, and sober living. Nova Recovery Center is a trusted drug and alcohol rehab facility offering personalized treatment programs across the United States. Because of the discomfort of withdrawal, it can be difficult to quit marijuana on your own. Marijuana addiction treatment that is tailored to meet your specific needs can help you recover from marijuana addiction. The health harms and addiction risk of using cannabis is especially high for youth. Cannabis edibles can be more potent than other forms and may affect you for longer periods of time. If you choose to consume edibles, start low and go slow. But this perception doesn't line up with proven risks, especially from edible pot. If your child unintentionally eats a marijuana edible, try to find out what and how much they ate. In 1996, California became the first state to legalize medicinal use of cannabis. Marijuana (or cannabis) is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States, with 9.5 percent of adults and 23.7 percent of youth reporting use within the past year 2015 (Hasin et al., 2015; Johnston, O’Malley, Miech, Bachman, & Schulenberg, 2016). Further, our discussion primarily focuses on consequences of intentional use of edibles in adults. We have blended science and regulatory factors in order to provide an overview of edibles for the educated layperson and for policy makers. THC gummies don’t look like a drug; they look like something off a gas station snack rack. Unlike smoking or vaping, where THC enters the bloodstream in seconds, gummies take a detour, traveling through the digestive system and liver first. From the hidden risks to real-life experiences, let’s look honestly at how these treats can carry lasting effects you might not expect. 2. Potential for Adverse Drug Events and Drug–Drug Interactions But the cannabidiols (CBD) or tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) ingredients are dangerous for children. It’s easy for children to mistake them for candy, as the packages can be bright and colorful with designs that mimic actual candy labels. The Ministry of Health works to help people stay healthy, delivering high-quality care when they need it and protecting the health system for future generations. In the United States, cannabis-infused drinks may also contain other substances including caffeine, alcohol, cannabidiol (CBD), or delta-8 THC. A 4-year-old boy drank his mother’s cannabis-infused drink. We can hope that research continues into the dangers THC gummies present and that support continues for those struggling with addiction to cannabis. Thus, THC should be recognized as a pharmacologically complex compound with potential for drug–drug interactions and adverse drug events. What is a marijuana processor license and what are the requirements and fees related to a marijuana processor license? What are the security requirements for a marijuana licensee? The United States Food and Drug Administration does not regulate most cannabis products – in fact, no government entity regulates non-prescription, consumer cannabis products. Additionally, cannabis can be addictive, with 9% of users becoming dependent on the drug. There is no standard dose of THC in cannabis-infused drinks, and the THC content varies by product and manufacturer. These are not the same products as CBD-infused beverages. The effects of THC gummies are generally felt later than if you smoke cannabis. The number increased to 14 children in 2014 (Baskfield, 2015). For instance, between 2005 and 2009 (before recreational legalization), the Children’s Hospital Colorado emergency department saw no cases of accidental ingestion. However, despite the increases in calls to poison control centers, emergency room visits resulting from pediatric exposure to cannabis remain relatively low, even in decriminalized states. In contrast, the rate of cannabis-related calls to poison control centers in nonlegal states showed an average increase of only 1.5 percent per year from 2005 to 2011 (Wang et al., 2014). It is important to note that evidence suggests that tolerance to the intoxicating effects of oral Δ9-THC develops after sustained exposure to high doses (reviewed in Grotenhermen, 2003). Nutritional information labels for edible cannabis products also vary across states.In addition, the extent to which the retail edibles were used by the purchaser or transferred to someone in another state for medicinal or recreational use is unknown.In March 2014, a 19-year-old man died as a result of injuries sustained when he jumped from a fourth floor balcony after consuming a cannabis-infused cookie in the state of Colorado (Hancock-Allen, Barker, VanDyke, & Holmes, 2015).For example, cannabis products sold in Canada are not allowed to contain nicotine, caffeine, or alcohol.An independent report commissioned by the Colorado Department of Revenue used data from Colorado’s cannabis market and clinical research findings to develop one such metric for calculating dose equivalency across methods of cannabis delivery (Orens, 2015).Our expert staff in our cannabis rehab centre are trained to give holistic care and provide you with the healing you need.Potential pharmacokinetic drug–drug interactions involving key metabolism enzymes that convert THC to its metabolites for excretion.Young adolescents often search online for terms such as “Is cannabis addictive?For consumers, and especially medicinal cannabis users, knowing the precise amounts and relative concentrations of Δ9-THC and CBD in edibles is vital, as this information largely determines the drug effects that users will experience. For example, among HIV/AIDS patients who had tried both cannabis and dronabinol, 93 percent preferred smoking cannabis to taking dronabinol (Ware, Rueda, Singer, & Kilby, 2003). Despite initial support for the efficacy of oral cannabinoid medication, many medicinal cannabis patients prefer to smoke cannabis (Grella et al., 2014; O’Connell & Bou-Matar, 2007). In a nationally representative study of adults in the US, 29.8 percent of respondents who had ever used cannabis reported consuming it in edible or beverage form (Schauer, King, Bunnell, Promoff, & McAfee, 2016). Although Δ9-THC is considered to be the major psychoactive ingredient of the cannabis plant responsible for the “high” that users experience (Gaoni & Mechoulam, 1964), the plant contains this chemical primarily in its nonpsychoactive acid form, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA). Long-term consumption of cannabis edibles can have serious detriments on both physical and mental health. Accidental consumption of edible cannabis is especially dangerous in children and can lead to serious health issues like seizures and respiratory distress. 2022 Research in the US shows that around 1,000 children accidentally ingested cannabis edibles. THC, the psychoactive component in cannabis edibles, can have a profound impact on mental health when consumed in high quantities. Research is ongoing into the long-term health risks of cannabis gummies, but recent findings show real dangers for people using them. Colorado’s retail cannabis outlets are regulated by the Marijuana Enforcement Division in the state’s Department of Revenue, whereas the Liquor and Cannabis Board and Liquor Control Commission regulate Washington and Oregon cannabis outlets, respectively.Unlike smoking, however, ingesting cannabis usually takes effect from 30 minutes to 2 hours after consumption.Thus, THC should be recognized as a pharmacologically complex compound with potential for drug–drug interactions and adverse drug events.THC food products often are made to closely resemble popular brand name candy and snacks.Acts prohibited at marijuana product manufacturing facility, Alaska Admin.Another risk for a person ingesting edible cannabis is the amount of time it takes before you feel the effect.Cannabinoid edible labeling requirements, Or. Overconsumption can be especially risky for first-time users. Generally, smoking weed will make a person “stoned” or high within 1 – 2 minutes. Many gummies sold in unregulated markets may contain THC levels above what is shown on the label. The way people use cannabis has transformed in recent years. If you have a medical emergency, call your doctor or 911 immediately. Unlike smoking, however, ingesting cannabis usually takes effect from 30 minutes to 2 hours after consumption. Another risk for a person ingesting edible cannabis is the amount of time it takes before you feel the effect. A US research report of 75 products found only 17% of products were accurately labelled. One of the most pertinent risks when taking edible THC is that they are often sold with unreliable and untrue levels of THC and CBD. Consumer health More Americans, young and old, prefer gummies and other edibles, both for their ease of use and averred health reasons. Today, Verner makes her own cannabis-infused products to ease pain and insomnia caused by a rare connective-tissue disease. Third-party labs test all our products to ensure they meet federal legal and health standards. Do not use these products if you are pregnant, nursing, or if you have any diagnosed or undiagnosed health conditions. Further, in clinical trials of nabiximols, 80 percent of participants who reported adverse effects experienced these effects within the first 28 days of treatment, although incidence of adverse effects was reduced when dose was increased gradually (reviewed in Robson, 2011). Nonusers report a greater incidence of negative subjective responses following use of oral Δ9-THC, especially at higher doses (Calhoun, Galloway, & Smith, 1998; Haney, 2007). Cannabinoid-infused oil may also be purchased directly from many dispensaries and retail shops. Smoking cannabis has long been the traditional method of consumption, but recent years have seen an increasing preference for edibles over smoking for several reasons. THC edibles are the shorthand names for consumer sweets and snacks infused with cannabis. However, other serious risks come with consuming marijuana edibles. Most marijuana edibles sold by dispensaries are packaged in containers that clearly identify how much CBD or THC is in each product, but it varies depending on the product. Cannabis health effects Marijuana (cannabis) is now legal for medical or recreational use in most U.S. states. High THC doses in edibles can trigger or exacerbate a catalogue of mental health issues, including anxiety, paranoia and, in severe cases, psychosis. Overusing edibles carries significant risks that should not be overlooked. The packaging and innocuous appearance of edibles like gummies and chocolates can be misleading. Thus, while cognitive ADEs should be avoided in general, a risk–benefit assessment is needed for this and all other serious side effects. Sedation, euphoria, and dissociative effects have influences on severe pain and anxiety in serious diseases, particularly cancer. Co-administration should be avoided and patients counseled to avoid hazardous activities while being treated. In addition, THC has the potential for development of dependency and should be used in caution in individuals with previous or current substance use disorders, including those involving nicotine, alcohol, opioids, or other illicit drugs. Clinical studies of dronabinol, an orally administered pharmaceutical stereoisomer of Δ9-THC, have shown that, for some individuals, 2.5 mg is sufficient to produce recognizable effects, while for others, higher doses are necessary—in some cases daily doses exceeding 50 mg (reviewed in Grotenhermen, 2001). Similarly, dosage estimation for retail products may also be inexact (e.g., see Vandrey et al., 2015). Consequently, Δ9-THC concentrations may not be available for products made using homemade oils or may not be accurate if a purchased oil is mislabeled. Generally speaking, regulation and quality control of marijuana edible packaging are lacking so it’s difficult for consumers to determine how much they should use and what’s safe. Learn when teething starts, common symptoms, safe ways to soothe sore gums, and which teething products to avoid. Although both come from the cannabis plant, THC gummies can contain more than 20% THC while CBD gummies legally must contain less than 0.3%. Smoking or vaping takes just seconds to minutes, but a THC edible typically takes 30 to 60 minutes, after being eaten and digested to begin feeling the effects. If your child eats a cannabis edible, try to find out what and how much they ate. Patients reported that, having eaten the suggested serving size initially, they consumed the entire edible product after not feeling any effects. Anecdotal reports from medicinal cannabis patients confirm that even daily users may consume a higher dose than expected (Hudak et al., 2015). The lack of consistency and the delayed intoxication may cause both new and experienced users of cannabis to consume higher than intended amounts of the drug. Indeed, compared with smoking or intravenous infusion, with oral administration of cannabis the Δ9-THC concentration in the plasma is lower and the correlation between the plasma concentration of Δ9-THC and degree of intoxication varies considerably across individuals (Hollister et al., 1981). Current regulations in Colorado and Washington define a single serving of an edible as a unit containing no more than 10 mg of Δ9-THC. An independent report commissioned by the Colorado Department of Revenue used data from Colorado’s cannabis market and clinical research findings to develop one such metric for calculating dose equivalency across methods of cannabis delivery (Orens, 2015). Hence, regardless of reason for use, only a small amount of the product may be needed to reach the maximum recommended dose of 10 mg/serving. She recommends that new users keep a detailed journal of what they take, as well as the results, to see whether a gummy, or anything else, helps or has side effects. But how safe are edibles? They’re a hot topic at the medical cannabis club Verner started at the Leisure World retirement community in Silver Spring, Maryland. Get instant access to members-only products and hundreds of discounts, a free second membership, and a subscription to AARP the Magazine. Inside the fascinating universe of cannabis compounds. The jury — in this case, physicians and marijuana researchers — has yet to agree on a verdict. However, when Δ9-THC is obtained from an extraction process, extraction of cannabinoids is usually not complete, which complicates estimates of dosage in the resulting cannabis-infused oil. The Δ9-THC dose in homemade products depends upon the concentration of THCA in the plant from which it is extracted or the Δ9-THC concentration in purchased oil. Lower Δ9-THC in the plasma may be the result of low bioavailability (i.e., the amount of Δ9-THC that reaches circulation after oral administration is only 6-10 percent of the amount contained in the product; Schwilke et al., 2009). Although it takes longer for the initial psychoactive effect of edibles (30 to 90 minutes) to be felt, the resulting “high” is longer-lasting, with a peak at 2 to 4 hours after ingestion (Grotenhermen, 2003). When inhaled through smoking or vaping, Δ9-THC reaches the brain, takes initial effect within minutes, and shows peak effect in about 20 to 30 minutes, with psychoactive effects tapering off within 2 to 3 hours (Grotenhermen, 2003; Huestis, Sampson, Holicky, Henningfield, & Cone, 1992). If we are to strive for the truth on cannabis edibles, it will benefit us to consider both sides of the argument. In 2022, the cannabis-edibles market was estimated at $8 billion. One of the most popular new forms of consuming cannabis is with infused edible treats. Edible cannabis products can look the same as other foods or ingredients such as brownies or candy. Learn about the health effects of consuming cannabis during pregnancy and while breastfeeding. Learn about the health risks for youth who consume cannabis. His current work focuses on characterizing the epidemiological trends and identifying the at-risk populations for prescription drug abuse and co-occurring illicit drug use.Do not use these products if you are pregnant, nursing, or if you have any diagnosed or undiagnosed health conditions.Scott P. Novak, PhD, is a senior research public health analyst in RTI’s Behavioral Health Research Division.Inside the fascinating universe of cannabis compounds.The dangers and effects of edibles are not as well known as with smoking, with many misconceptions hiding inside their bright, candy-inspired packaging.Dr. Capogrossi conducts economic analysis of nutrition policy, food safety regulation, food production and marketing, and related areas using econometrics, simulation modeling, statistical analysis, and other methods. Route of administration is a fundamental variable in determining a drug’s pharmacokinetics, which is defined as the time course and process through which a chemical (such as Δ9-THC) enters the body, travels to various tissues and organs, and is metabolized before elimination. Literature regarding such cases of “cannabis-induced psychosis” is limited, but the condition is believed to be the result of overconsumption of Δ9-THC, and many of the reported cases occur following ingestion of an edible (Bui, Simpson, & Nordstrom, 2015; Favrat et al., 2005; Hudak, Severn, & Nordstrom, 2015). However, determination of the degree to which cannabis use contributes to development of cancer is complicated by factors such as small sample size and the presence of confounds such as co-occurring tobacco smoking (Volkow, Baler, Compton, & Weiss, 2014). Epidemiological research has linked habitual cannabis smoking to several forms of cancer (Callaghan, Allebeck, & Sidorchuk, 2013; Hashibe et al., 2005). Dr. Peiper works with Dr. Scott Novak on National Institutes of Health (NIH)- and SAMHSA-funded grants related to prescription drugs, injection drug use, marijuana, and psychiatric comorbidity. On the labeling side, more should be done to ensure that consumers are better educated on how edibles affect the body and that they are aware of how to use edibles safely to avoid concerns such as unintentional “highs” or “highs” lasting longer than anticipated. Such risks can be reduced through standardization of product formulations, adequate quality control measures, and appropriate product labeling. Unfortunately, so is the unintentional THC poisoning risk these products pose to kids who get a hold of them. Aftercare support is in place to give you back the control you need for a healthier, drug-free life. There can also be an intermingling of physical and mental health dangers as a person tries to work their way out of a cannabis use disorder. Research indicates that as many as 10% of cannabis users are affected by the disorder. High THC levels in edibles may cause significant behavioural changes and impairments. Due to the legalization of cannabis in many U.S. states, marijuana edibles have become much more popular. Avoid using edible cannabis from an unauthorized cannabis retailer to ensure that products are safe to consume and free of contamination. That’s why it is extremely important to keep all cannabis products locked up and out of reach of children and pets. Consuming edible cannabis has some of the same health risks as consuming other forms of cannabis. Consult with a physician before use if you have a medical condition or use prescription medications. This product is not for use by or sale to persons under the age of 21. Hand-selected, top-shelf cannabis flower for the true connoisseur. Covers shelf life, temperature, humidity, and signs your gummies may have gone bad. Learn how to store your THC gummies for maximum freshness and potency. Fuel groundbreaking medical research! A study published in JAMA Pediatrics looked at unintentional exposures to marijuana in Colorado. Products that contain marijuana may be required to have clear labeling with standardized serving sizes and THC content. His friends told police he ate the whole cookie, which contained six servings of marijuana (10 mg THC/serving). But a THC edible typically takes 30 to 60 minutes after being eaten and digested. Even using marijuana one time can alter motor control, coordination and judgment. Adolescent female recreational users also expressed concern about the lingering odor of cannabis following smoking (Friese, Slater, Annechino, & Battle, 2016). Certainly, the continued use of edibles despite initial nonpreference by many users suggests other advantages of this route of administration. In sum, ingestion and smoking of Δ9-THC seem to produce similar subjective effects, and CBD may attenuate these effects, at least in experienced cannabis users. Few laboratory studies have been undertaken using actual cannabis-infused edibles. Not all THC gummies are the same. This guide covers everything first-timers need to know — from choosing the right product and dose to what the experience actually feels like. Trying THC gummies for the first time? Enzyme targets and example medications that could be affected by THC if co-administered. In addition, new evidence suggests that cannabinoids, including THC, have strong inhibitory effects on carboxylesterase 1 (CES1), which is important in the metabolism of many medications 39,40,41. THC has been shown to have broad inhibitory effects on CYP450 enzymes including CYP3A, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP1A1/2, and CYP2J2 . In the next ten years, the compound annual growth rate of edibles is 16.5%. Edibles have become an increasingly popular way to consume cannabis as a means to ingest it discreetly, without smoking. Gummies and edibles can vary greatly in appearance and ingredients, including how much THC and CBD they contain. The cannabinoids in edibles affect your mind and body when consumed. 100% federally legal THC products crafted for purity, potency and quality. Browse our lab-tested, USA-grown hemp products. THC gummies produce a body-centered experience that's different from smoking. Avoid products labeled "extra strength" or with 50mg+ per gummy for your first time. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Their longevity and prevalence in society may rely on concerns over misuse, their addictive nature and their accessibility for younger users. A person can feel misled after a few minutes when they don’t feel its effects and take more. This can be especially dangerous for someone ingesting gummies for the first time. Further research into cannabinoids, and edibles in particular, is needed so that policy makers can be well informed when establishing regulations regarding the manufacture, labeling, and sale of edibles. Edibles have emerged as a popular method of cannabinoid administration in the legalized cannabis market and have proven to be quite lucrative for states, dispensaries, and manufacturers. A nationally representative survey of US adults conducted by the US FDA found that 50 percent of adults reported that they often read the label on food products when buying a product for the first time and 29 percent sometimes read the label (Lin et al., 2016). The persistent pattern of inaccuracies in the labeling of Δ9-THC and CBD content in edibles reflects the broader issue of a lack of standardization in formulation and quality control throughout the edibles industry. Unfortunately, inaccuracies in labeling and inconsistencies in formulation are not limited to CBD but also extend to the Δ9-THC content of edibles. As of 2016, four states (Alaska, Colorado, Oregon, and Washington) have legalized recreational sales and use. Other cannabinoids, most notably cannabidiol (CBD), are believed to modulate these effects (Russo, 2011; Schubart et al.), although not all research has supported this idea (Haney et al., 2016). The autopsy identified cannabis intoxication as a chief contributing factor in the man’s death. For example, a group of preschool teachers in California experienced nausea, dizziness, headache, and other symptoms after consuming brownies containing cannabis. It has been noted in prescribing information for recently approved products that psychoactive medications carry an increased risk of suicidal behavior and ideation .Even if accurate drug content labeling for edibles can be achieved, this information is only useful if it is used and understood by consumers.Because of the discomfort of withdrawal, it can be difficult to quit marijuana on your own.Earn points every time you shop and turn them into sweet savings on your favorite Mood products.Most gummies are typically sold with a THC content of 10mg per gummy.Cannabis-infused drinks contain the mind-altering ingredient tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).In Alaska, the first business licenses have been issued, and retail sales, including marijuana edibles, are expected to begin before the end of 2016, once the state has completed the process of licensing testing facilities (Thiessen, 2015). The case resulted in 6 children being taken to hospital in 2022. THC gummies are still largely illegal to purchase in the UK, so it is harder to reflect and predict whether weed gummies will become more popular. Most gummies are typically sold with a THC content of 10mg per gummy. Developing CUD can create a host of negative effects on your well-being. Research shows that the risk of developing a cannabis use disorder is stronger in people who start using cannabis during their teens. Young adolescents often search online for terms such as “Is cannabis addictive? Edibles are designed to resemble everyday sweets and snacks, and manufacturers often make them as appealing to children as possible. Another emergency department in Colorado showed an increase in visits from 0 percent to 2.4 percent among children younger than 12 years for symptomatic unintentional cannabis exposure following legislation in October 2009 that expanded decriminalization of medicinal cannabis (Wang et al., 2014).If you have a medical emergency, call your doctor or 911 immediately.Aftercare support is in place so you can take back control and return to a healthier life, free from addiction.Further, THC’s effects can be enhanced or limited by many other common medications, and THC itself can increase toxicity of other medications by limiting their metabolic pathways.Because cannabis is illegal at the federal level, the recreational and medicinal cannabis industries are regulated on a state-by-state basis.This guide covers everything first-timers need to know — from choosing the right product and dose to what the experience actually feels like.Limited marijuana retail sales, Or.At a basic level, extraction of cannabinoids (such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, or Δ9-THC, and cannabidiol, or CBD) from the cannabis plant involves heating the flowers from the female plant in an oil-based liquid.It is easier to be poisoned when consuming cannabis (eating or drinking) compared to inhaling cannabis (smoking or vaping). Edible THC products were involved in more than half the cases. Marijuana was legalized in Colorado for medical use in 2000 and for recreational use in 2012. THC food products often are made to closely resemble popular brand name candy and snacks. Regular use of marijuana is also linked to psychological problems, poorer lung health and a higher chance of substance use disorder in adulthood. Further, even among products reported to contain CBD, many contain only trace amounts or none at all (Vandrey et al., 2015). In March 2014, a 19-year-old man died as a result of injuries sustained when he jumped from a fourth floor balcony after consuming a cannabis-infused cookie in the state of Colorado (Hancock-Allen, Barker, VanDyke, & Holmes, 2015). Because of this variability, computation of an exact pharmacologic equivalency between a given mass of Δ9-THC contained in smoked cannabis and a mass of Δ9-THC contained in an edible is extremely difficult. In contrast, recreational use is defined as use that is not for a specified medical purpose, but rather with the goal of getting “high” (i.e., altering the user’s state of mind). Possession of a medicinal cannabis card allows purchase, with details dependent upon state law (e.g., approved conditions and amount allowed to possess). Unlike medications approved through a formal data-driven process by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), medicinal cannabis dosage is not specified. Medicinal use of cannabis involves obtaining a prescription for cannabis from a licensed medical professional for treatment of a medical issue (e.g., pain, muscle spasm, weight loss due to serious illness, childhood epilepsy). By April 2016, 24 states and the District of Columbia had passed laws that allow medicinal use, and four states (Alaska, Colorado, Oregon, and Washington) had legalized recreational use, with several other states likely to vote on legalization later in 2016. Edible products are responsible for the majority of health care visits due to cannabis intoxication, which is likely due to the failure of users to appreciate the delayed effects (Monte et al., 2015). For example, in Colorado in 2014, 1.96 million units of edible medicinal cannabis-infused products and 2.85 million units of edible retail cannabis-infused products were sold, which accounted for about 45 percent of the total cannabis sales in the state (Brohl, Kammerzell, & Koski, 2015). Although some states have legalized recreational possession and use of the drug, cannabis products (including edible products such as beverages) remain illegal on the federal level. Learn about the health effects and risks of cannabis edibles. Cannabis use has been linked to social anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia (a type of mental illness where people might see or hear things that aren't really there), but scientists don't yet fully understand the relationships between these mental health disorders and cannabis use. These considerations must, nevertheless, also balance patient desires for alternative therapies and the underlying indication for medical cannabis therapy. This review considered the pharmacology of THC, with the caveat that THC will not be used alone in medical marijuana programs. Sativex carries a contraindication in its international product labeling for any users with pre-existing cardiovascular disease, which is likely attributable solely to THC’s sympathomimetic properties . It has been noted in prescribing information for recently approved products that psychoactive medications carry an increased risk of suicidal behavior and ideation . The effects of consuming cannabis can be unpredictable as everyone’s tolerance level is different. It is easier to be poisoned when consuming cannabis (eating or drinking) compared to inhaling cannabis (smoking or vaping). Consuming too much cannabis at one time can lead to temporary adverse effects, known as cannabis poisoning. They also reported that it was practical to consume the entire edible product in one sitting, just as they would a normal baked good (Hudak et al., 2015), suggesting a lack of consumer understanding, even among daily cannabis users. In addition, products available for medicinal cannabis patients may not have limits on maximum Δ9-THC content per serving (Brohl et al., 2015). The fact that users of edibles often unintentionally ingest greater than intended amounts of Δ9-THC demonstrates the difficulty of dose titration with edibles, an issue that is not typically of concern with smoked cannabis due to its rapid distribution into the brain. The amount of Δ9-THC in edibles can vary across a single product and across batches formulated at different times, making it difficult for users to estimate how much Δ9-THC they consume. It is not meant to be a substitute for medical advice. We combine advanced medical treatment with holistic care and clinical therapy to support whole-person healing. It’s essential to be aware and proactive about these risks. Smoking marijuana is still the most common way the drug is used, but many people who consume edibles are unaware of the risks. Marijuana edibles are cannabis-laced food products that contain either THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) or CBD (cannabidiol) or both.1 They can be homemade but many companies also manufacture them to be sold at dispensaries. Before you consume any cannabis-infused food products, you should carefully consider the risks. Like any other drug, marijuana edibles can cause short-term and long-term side effects. With marijuana becoming legal in a growing number of states, cannabis edibles like gummies are being manufactured. However, there is no scientific evidence that cannabis drinks are a healthier alternative to alcoholic beverages. Compared to alcoholic drinks, cannabis-infused beverages reportedly cause no hangover and contain fewer calories. Different brands of cannabis-infused drinks contain varying amounts of THC, so signs and symptoms may differ from person to person based on what was consumed. Since they contain the psychoactive compound THC, cannabis-infused drinks can cause drowsiness, relaxation, euphoria, and other symptoms of cannabis intoxication. Common brands of cannabis-infused drinks include Cann®, Keef®, and Artet®. Recipes for using the resulting cannabinoid-infused oil abound on the internet and in various specialty publications. At a basic level, extraction of cannabinoids (such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, or Δ9-THC, and cannabidiol, or CBD) from the cannabis plant involves heating the flowers from the female plant in an oil-based liquid. Edibles come in many forms—including baked goods, candies, gummies, chocolates, lozenges, and beverages—and may be homemade or prepared commercially for dispensaries. As additional initiatives to decrease or eliminate criminal penalties for possession of small amounts of cannabis are already pending in several states, this trend is likely to continue, at least in the short term. Infused beverages that contain other ingredients, including alcohol and caffeine, may cause other side effects. Factors directly related to the oral route of administration of edibles may contribute to this finding of a strong association between edible use and overconsumption. Generally, in healthy adult users, psychotic symptoms brought on by an overdose of cannabis last only for the duration of intoxication, but in some cases, these symptoms can persist for as long as several days. Despite the potential promises of edibles for treatment of a variety of ailments, there are also dangers inherent in edible use that present challenges for users and policy makers. Early research comparing the effects of different Δ9-THC delivery methods showed that ingestion of a chocolate cookie containing Δ9-THC produced a longer-lasting and less intoxicating effect than smoking and intravenous administration (Hollister et al., 1981). Consumers may also favor edibles because they are easier to transport, particularly into states where their use is not legal. A recent laboratory study of daily recreational cannabis smokers similarly demonstrated that oral Δ9-THC resulted in a longer duration of analgesic effect than the relatively transient effect produced by smoked cannabis (Cooper et al., 2013). One of these advantages may be the longer duration of action for edibles (Huestis, 2007). Participants experienced drug effects that were rated as favorable, with peak responses occurring an average of 3 hours after ingestion and effects dissipating within 24 hours. Both low and high doses (1.98 and 3.56 percent Δ9-THC) of smoked cannabis resulted in significantly higher ratings for these effects. No amount of cannabis is safe to use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. If you take too much too soon you can experience cannabis poisoning. Federal statistics show that as more states legalize marijuana, fewer young people view it as harmful. Look at the edible's wrapper to see how much THC it contains. In focus groups with teenagers, females who did not use cannabis expressed more concern than female cannabis users and males (users and nonusers) about edibles and compared them to drinks that could be spiked with drugs (Friese et al., 2016). A more recent review of National Poison Data System data showed similar increases in edibles-related calls to poison control centers from 2013 to 2015 (Cao, Srisuma, Bronstein, & Hoyte, 2016), which suggests that accidental exposures may become more common as more states legalize recreational or medical cannabis use. However, the increased state-level legalization of cannabis for medicinal or recreational purposes may serve as an impetus for funding additional high-quality studies on the effects of cannabis on health and in treatment of disease. Surveys conducted in several US states (California, Washington, and Colorado) and Canada found that 11 percent to 26 percent of medicinal cannabis users had consumed an edible cannabis product during their lifetimes (Grella, Rodriguez, & Kim, 2014; Walsh et al., 2013). DrugBank (drugbank.ca) was used as a consistent drug information resource to describe potentially interacting, enzyme substrates, and pharmacodynamic effects throughout. A focused literature review was also conducted to supplement information regarding pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of cannabis routes of administration, ADEs reported outside of clinical trials, and prevalence of pharmacogenetic variants. Certain ADEs may also be subtle in healthy individuals but magnified in the presence of underlying medical conditions 20,21,22. Further, cannabis has significant pharmacodynamic effects, e.g., sedation and cognitive impairment, which can be potentiated with concomitant medications with similar effects or biological targets (e.g., opioids or benzodiazepines) 18,19. As such, there is an urgent need to understand the potential, presentation, and etiology of cannabis-related adverse drug events (ADEs). Regularly taking gummies and edibles makes you much more likely to develop an addiction or cannabis use disorder (CUD).There is no standardized maximum amount that a “low-dose” product could contain.Unlike smoking or vaping, where THC enters the bloodstream in seconds, gummies take a detour, traveling through the digestive system and liver first.Products that contain marijuana may be required to have clear labeling with standardized serving sizes and THC content.Especially for children, THC gummies present a dangerous risk of accidental consumption.Marijuana edibles are cannabis-laced food products that contain either THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) or CBD (cannabidiol) or both.1 They can be homemade but many companies also manufacture them to be sold at dispensaries.Unfortunately, so is the unintentional THC poisoning risk these products pose to kids who get a hold of them.In addition to emergency room visits by children, the number of cannabis-related emergency room visits by adult non-Colorado residents compared with those by in-state residents has also increased since recreational cannabis use was legalized in Colorado. The Cannabis Act of 2018 created a legal framework for controlling the production, distribution and sale of cannabis in Canada. Some research estimates the value of the US edible cannabis market at around $10 billion in 2024. If you’re suffering from the effects of marijuana addiction or withdrawal, the addiction treatment experts at Nova Recovery Center are here to help. Whether you consume marijuana gummies or prefer to smoke it, marijuana use can quickly become a serious problem. Someone experimenting with THC edibles might not feel the effects as quickly as expected. Edible THC products take longer than smoked marijuana to have an effect. Edible marijuana products often look just like regular sweets and snacks. That's why it's important for parents to understand how much THC is contained in edible products and how THC is absorbed in the body. Potential pharmacokinetic drug–drug interactions involving key metabolism enzymes that convert THC to its metabolites for excretion. Initial THC doses should be low and titrated to desired effects when paired with medications that inhibit metabolic enzymes. Overall, medications that interact with THC metabolism may influence the degree of pharmacological effects, including ADEs with THC discussed below. Figure 1 shows common medications that are inhibitors or inducers of enzymes relevant to THC’s metabolism and potential effects. When administered with rifampicin (600 mg; 10 days), a strong CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 inducer, THC Cmax decreased by 36% and 11-OH-THC by 87%. Additional research finds that edibles are especially popular with medicinal cannabis users (Pacula, Jacobson, & Maksabedian, 2015) as well as with the Baby Boomer generation (Murphy et al., 2015). Survey data can be used to determine an estimate of actual consumption of edibles, which account for a substantial percentage of current cannabis use in both medicinal and recreational user groups. Written for the educated layperson and for policy makers, this paper explores the current state of research regarding edibles, highlighting the promises and challenges that edibles present to both users and policy makers, and describes the approaches that four states in which recreational cannabis use is legal have taken regarding regulating edibles. After ingestion of cannabis-containing products such as drinks or edibles, symptoms of cannabis intoxication can occur within 30 minutes to several hours. Unlike smoking marijuana, edibles don’t carry the same respiratory risks, such as breathing problems and lung cancer. Withdrawing from cannabis often causes a person to grow irritable, aggressive and nervous. Chronic use can also exacerbate preexisting mental health conditions or trigger psychosis. For your mental health, having a weed addiction has been linked to anxiety, depression and cognitive impairments. Physically, chronic use of cannabis can result in respiratory issues, cardiovascular strain and compromised immune system function. In particular, the use of edible cannabis products has been highlighted as an issue of concern, principally in states where cannabis has been legalized (MacCoun & Mello, 2015; Monte et al., 2015). For example, only state residents who have a medicinal cannabis card can legally buy medicinal cannabis in Colorado without minimum age restrictions, but any adult aged 21 and older can purchase retail cannabis products in person from cannabis stores, regardless of state of residence (Monte, Zane, & Heard, 2015; 1 Colo. Code Regs. § 212-1, 2016). While medicinal and retail cannabis products are similar, regulations may vary between the two marketplaces. Although some of the issues discussed are relevant for other methods of cannabis use (e.g., smoked, vaped), we emphasize issues primarily related to cannabis-infused edibles. In one such study, conducted by Cone and colleagues (Cone, Johnson, Paul, Mell, & Mitchell, 1988), subjects with a history of cannabis use received cannabis-infused brownies and completed a series of behavioral and physiological measures of drug effect. By contrast, several double-blind studies report comparable subjective effects for dronabinol and smoked cannabis when dose and time after administration are taken into account (Haney et al., 2007; Haney, Rabkin, Gunderson, & Foltin, 2005; Issa et al., 2014). Regular cannabis users also find the effects of oral Δ9-THC to be qualitatively different from those of smoked cannabis (Calhoun et al., 1998). A fundamental reason for cannabis use via any route of administration is to “feel better,” a subjective assessment that may range from feeling “high” (e.g., recreational use) to alleviating an unpleasant subjective state (e.g., anxiety) or ameliorating a physical symptom or condition that produces pain or disability (e.g., spasticity, glaucoma). In general, use of edible cannabis appears more prevalent in states that have legalized medicinal cannabis use, particularly those states that have had legalized medicinal use in place for a longer time, as well as in legalized-medicinal-use states with more dispensaries per capita (Borodovsky et al., 2016). Similarly, a 2024 study published in JAMA Internal Medicine found a jump in cannabis-related ER visits among older adults in Canada after cannabis was legalized. A 2023 study found that emergency room visits for cannabis-related problems increased 1,808 percent among people 65 and older from 2005 to 2019 in California. It can take two to three hours to feel the full effects.” “They look like candy,” says marijuana researcher Kevin F. Boehnke at the University of Michigan. However, cannabis doesn’t help much with short-term pain, such as a headache, sprained ankle or recovery after surgery, he adds. Because cannabis is illegal at the federal level, the recreational and medicinal cannabis industries are regulated on a state-by-state basis. Even if accurate drug content labeling for edibles can be achieved, this information is only useful if it is used and understood by consumers. Because cannabis is illegal at the federal level, the recreational and medicinal cannabis industries are not subject to federal quality control regulations, but rather are regulated on a state-by-state basis. However, Colorado mandated threshold testing only, which does not measure label accuracy but merely ensures that recreational edibles do not contain more than 100 mg of Δ9-THC (1 Colo. Code Regs. § 212-2, 2016). Following these findings, the state of Colorado in mid-2014 instituted a requirement that Δ9-THC concentration for recreational edibles be assessed and reported on the label (Brohl et al., 2015; 2014 Colo. Reg. Text 12885, amending 1 Colo. Code Regs. § 212-2). Terms and Conditions Older users in the Baby Boomer generation are, in particular, more likely to consider cannabis to be safe and to use cannabis, given generational exposure earlier in life 6,7. Meanwhile, clinicians should balance the potential risks of THC and cannabis and the lack of strong evidence of efficacy in many conditions with patient desires for alternative therapy. Future work and research must establish sufficient data resources to capture medical marijuana use for such studies. THC also has broad interactions with drug-metabolizing enzymes and can enhance adverse effects of other medications. Acts prohibited at marijuana product manufacturing facility, Alaska Admin. Cannabis edibles are food or drink items made with cannabis or cannabis oils. The federal government amended the Cannabis Act on October 17, 2019 to allow the legal sale of cannabis edibles. The best way to keep your kids safe from marijuana edibles is not to have them in your home. Food, drinks and beauty products are among the many CBD-infused products available online. These risks are more pronounced in the medically complex patients towards whom medical marijuana programs are tailored. However, cognitive effects should be balanced against patient needs, as these are often the desired effects sought with medical cannabis treatment. While perhaps sought out in recreational use, clinical trial populations also reported disorientation, dissociation, euphoria, and hallucination, which may be detrimental side effects in medically severe patients, particularly older adults. Inhaled products may also increase the risk of infection, particularly respiratory infections such as pneumonia, similarly to the effect seen with cigarette smoking . These products are intended for consumption by adults only; children may become ill and require hospitalization after consumption of cannabis products. The quality and safety of cannabis-infused drinks may vary between manufacturers, and the long-term health risks of cannabis drink consumption are not well described in scientific studies. Many manufacturers of cannabis-infused beverages advertise their products as being “gentle”, “smooth”, and offering “a different kind of buzz”. Some cannabis-infused drinks are marketed as “low-dose” beverages and contain 2-4 mg THC per 8-ounce container, while other “low dose” products contain higher concentrations of THC. Research from the US in 2022 showed that 1,000 children ate THC gummies accidentally, which can be highly dangerous and lead to severe health risks like seizures and breathing issues. In that scenario, 100% of the 36 health adult participants experienced an adverse event, primarily central nervous system in nature and possibly related to THC and/or 11-OH-THC toxicities. In a study of Sativex (four sprays) co-administered with ketoconazole (400 mg; 5 days), a strong 3A4 inhibitor, THC bioavailability increased by 27% and 11-OH-THC by 204% (Table 2) . Unlike CBD, there are few modern clinical studies of THC DDIs, as product approvals are over 30 years old. 2022 Research in the US shows that around 1,000 children accidentally ingested cannabis edibles.Tips for youth to lower health risks when using cannabis100% federally legal THC products crafted for purity, potency and quality.Physiological measures of drug effect (i.e., pulse, blood pressure, and pupil dilation), however, were not statistically different from placebo.“They look like candy,” says marijuana researcher Kevin F. Boehnke at the University of Michigan.Smoking marijuana is still the most common way the drug is used, but many people who consume edibles are unaware of the risks.Help protect your child from colds and flu with these tips from CHKD Pediatrician Dr. Andria Tatem on nutrition, sleep, exercise, and healthy hygiene habits.Withdrawing from cannabis often causes a person to grow irritable, aggressive and nervous. This begins to raise the alarm on whether we comprehend the dangers and risks inherent to THC gummies and how they can lead to an addiction to cannabis. A Canadian survey published in 2024 has since shown a decrease in the amount of people smoking and a 15% increase in people ingesting edibles that year. Canada also enacted laws that provide legal access to cannabis for medicinal and recreational use. The majority of information comes from US markets, where 39 states have legalised medical cannabis use, and 24 states allow recreational use by adults. 7 Some cannabis edibles have packaging designed to mimic the appearance of well-known branded snacks and candy that appeal to children, which increases the risk for unintentional ingestion. Recognizing THC and other cannabinoids as medical substances may shift the perception of these compounds towards being considered in equal regards to prescription products in terms of risks and benefits. Increased awareness of these effects by clinicians is needed to mitigate risks and actions such as starting with low-dose therapy, slow titration, or avoiding THC-containing products altogether, i.e., initiating CBD-only treatment. Anecdotal evidence suggests that medical cannabis is a benign product with the potential to treat a myriad of conditions with few side effects. In addition, the extent to which the retail edibles were used by the purchaser or transferred to someone in another state for medicinal or recreational use is unknown. Furthermore, these data show sales but do not reflect the proportion of cannabis users who consume edibles. Because direct purchase of cannabinoid-infused oil or cannabis used to make homemade edibles is not tracked as an edibles purchase, the actual use of edibles is likely underestimated when examining purchase data. Edibles have become popular among users in states where cannabis is legal for recreational or medicinal purposes (or both). Edibles are food products infused with cannabis extract. You'll soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox. If you are a Mayo Clinic patient, we will only use your protected health information as outlined in our Notice of Privacy Practices. Sign up for free and stay up to date on research advancements, health tips, current health topics, and expertise on managing health. Though it's often well-tolerated, CBD can cause side effects, such as dry mouth, diarrhea, reduced appetite, drowsiness and fatigue. Currently, the only CBD product approved by the Food and Drug Administration is a prescription oil called Epidiolex. It’s important to pay attention to the concentration of the product, the amount you consume, and how quickly you consume it. There is no standardized maximum amount that a “low-dose” product could contain. Some companies offer free same-day or next-day delivery, and the drinks are also available in some cannabis dispensaries. Cannabis-infused drinks are sold in many states including California, Colorado, Maryland, and Michigan. Cannabis-infused drinks have been available in the United States since 2010, and have recently surged in popularity. For consumers, and especially medicinal cannabis users, knowing the precise amounts and relative concentrations of Δ9-THC and CBD in edibles is vital, as this information largely determines the drug effects that users will experience. At any rate, eating cannabis-infused edibles does not seem to affect pulmonary function or to increase cancer risk, which provides a solid rationale for choosing this route of administration as opposed to smoking cannabis, particularly for medical conditions such as cancer. Food products containing cannabis extract (edibles) have emerged as a popular and lucrative facet of the legalized market for both recreational and medicinal cannabis. Another challenge related to edibles is the perception that they represent food products containing cannabis, when in reality the cannabis extracts used to produce edibles can be very different from the actual plant material used for smoking. You’re also likely to experience marijuana withdrawal symptoms when you stop using it. If you’re addicted to marijuana, you may not be able to stop using it even if it’s causing problems in your everyday life. As a result, you might experience more potent and powerful side effects than you anticipated. In instances where the CBD or THC content is not clearly labeled or is incorrectly labeled, a person could easily take too much on accident and suffer negative side effects as a result. This can be confusing and consumers might be unclear about how much of the product is a single dose. What are the recordkeeping requirements for marijuana licensees? Limited marijuana retail sales, Or. Cannabinoid edible labeling requirements, Or. Medical use of marijuana; conditions of use, Haw. Mr. Lefever has been conducting preclinical behavioral research for over 13 years and has been testing the effects of cannabinoids in these models extensively during the past 5 years. In addition, THC was found in 18 products. A recent study of 84 CBD products bought online showed that more than a quarter of the products contained less CBD than labeled. Another cause for concern is the unreliability of the purity and dosage of CBD in products. Cannabis—which can also be called marijuana —is the most commonly used federally illegal drug in the United States. Children who consume THC-containing products can become very sick. These ADEs and DDIs can be pharmacokinetic in nature, i.e., generated by drug effects on other drugs absorption, metabolism, or excretion, or pharmacodynamics, wherein drugs share a common mechanism or effect. Typical indications for medical cannabis include many severe conditions including inflammatory conditions (e.g., Crohn’s), chronic pain, and cancer . Cannabis is also widely available in the U.S. in individual states’ medical marijuana programs. Sativex® (GW Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA, USA) , a combined Δ-9-THC and CBD product administered as a buccal spray, is indicated for spasticity and neuropathic pain in multiple sclerosis and as adjunctive analgesia for moderate to severe cancer pain. Prescription synthetic THC products have been available since the 1980s and are approved for use as antiemetics in cancer, as well as for appetite stimulation in HIV/AIDS. Similar to recommendations for CBD , but perhaps needing to be more emphasized for THC-containing products, medical cannabis should be used in caution in persons with depression or who use other medications that carry this risk. Further, smoking and vaping of products introduces the chance of oxidizing many compounds in cannabis. Thirty-three (33) states allow CBD and THC use in what are deemed “comprehensive” programs, while others restrict medical cannabis products to those with low THC content .