This combination of effects helps lower blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. GLP-1 receptor agonists are medications that bind to and activate the GLP-1 receptor. They can help to improve glycemic control (blood sugar control), promote weight loss, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease such as heart failure. This helps to lower blood sugar levels and promote weight loss. It has a variety of roles related to metabolism, but one of its most notable effects is its ability to promote feelings of satiety, which can help reduce food intake and thus support weight loss. What is the Role of GLP-1 in Appetite Regulation? The newest incretin-based medication is a combined GLP-1 receptor and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) dual agonist known as tirzepatide. Similarly, the subcutaneously once weekly formulation of the GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide showed equally promising results for weight maintenance . Zhang et al. found that in persons with type 2 diabetes, GLP-1 drugs offered benefits whether or not the patients were also taking metformin . Reductions in food intake and body weight have been found, implying that both the hypothalamus and brainstem are important in the control of energy intake and body weight 119,120. Therefore, most of the effect of weight loss via GLP-1-related pathways may be related to a decrease in energy intake, rather than the direct effects on energy expenditure . Sometimes health care professionals use medications in a way that’s different from what the FDA has approved. The table below includes limited information about weight-loss medications. These medications have side effects, some of which could be severe. The table below lists prescription drugs approved by the FDA for chronic weight management. These medications also slow down how fast food moves through your stomach, which can prevent your blood sugar from spiking after meals. GLP-1 receptor agonists help by increasing the amount of insulin your body makes, especially after you eat. These treatments are known as GLP-1 receptor agonists, and they are used to help people with certain health conditions. GLP-1 helps lower blood sugar levels by stimulating the release of insulin, a hormone that helps the body use sugar for energy. This makes GLP-1 a powerful tool in the treatment of obesity, offering both immediate and long-term benefits for those looking to lose weight and improve their overall health. What to eat for weight loss success when taking Mounjaro This adds another layer to the weight loss injections cost, making it important to understand both medical and financial requirements. Insurance providers may require documentation of weight-related health issues before covering prescriptions. For more insights into medical programs, see this weight loss program overview. With costs in mind, understanding the distinction between injection types and their intended use is critical when evaluating the overall weight loss injections cost. Since then, studies have evolved to include GLP-1s for weight loss—the first published in 2015. Though not directly derived from Gila monster venom, the initial success of exenatide paved the way for the development of other GLP-1 drugs, including semaglutide. Generally, the quality of compounded medications, including GLP-1s, can differ across pharmacies, depending on their practices and the ingredients they use. The investigation specifically showed that these drugs did not increase the risk of any fractures, confirming their safety profile in clinical practice (72). A study that investigated the effects of insulin and GLP-1RAs (exenatide and dulaglutide) on BMD over a 52-week duration gathered 70 individuals with type 2 diabetes. To fully understand GLP-1RAs’ effects on bone metabolism in a range of patient groups, particularly regarding osteoporosis and fracture risk management, more randomized controlled studies are necessary (69). Although skeletal effects are beneficial in preclinical investigations, clinical evidence on fracture risk is still uncertain. Currently, not all plans cover costs in full or at all for weight-loss indications. GLP-1s typically cost hundreds, if not over $1,000 a month in the U.S. for patients without insurance coverage. They are self-injectable drugs for a chronic condition – and perhaps most notably, they are expensive. Regardless of how they are classified by any given organization or formulary, I always think of GLP-1s as specialty drugs. Although all causes and contributors of obesity are not within an individual's control, structured lifestyle modification programs can be effective and feasible to help achieve a 5%–10% weight reduction and maintain a healthy body weight for many people 91, 92, 93. Several studies have estimated the cost‐effectiveness of GLP‐1s for obesity from a healthcare perspective, considering costs for screening and treatment against savings from improved weight and health outcomes and corresponding long‐term reductions in healthcare utilization, including downstream accumulated health benefits. Emerging therapies, such as dual and triple receptor agonists targeting GLP‐1, glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and glucagon pathways, aim to improve efficacy while reducing GI side effects . When should I see my healthcare provider about a hormonal imbalance? In a placebo-controlled study (Lira-1) examining the efficacy and safety of liraglutide in overweight adult patients with type 1 diabetes and poor glycemic control, there was no significant difference in HbA1c reduction between insulin plus placebo and insulin plus liraglutide treatments. When both medications were given metformin as a background treatment, it was found that once-daily liraglutide, compared to glimepiride, provided comparable glycemic control, weight loss, and reduced the occurrence of hypoglycemia . Although short-acting medications (such as exenatide bid and Lixisenatide) are less successful at lowering blood sugar levels throughout the night and in the morning, they continue to have a positive impact on gastric emptying when used in conjunction with basal insulin and/or long-term therapy . GLP-1 RAs are currently used in treating patients with T2D and consistently result in weight loss, in addition to lowering blood glucose levels. Our aim is to emphasize the active role and main outcomes of GLP-1 agonists in promoting weight loss, as well as in improving hyperglycemia, insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, cardio–metabolic, and renal protection. As our understanding deepens, we can expect even more powerful, targeted, and safer medications that harness the full potential of GLP-1 biology. These dual or triple agonists represent the next frontier in obesity pharmacotherapy. GLP-1 receptor agonists have emerged as the most effective pharmaceutical option currently available. GLP-1 receptor agonists work primarily by reducing appetite and increasing satiety. This has led to research into GLP-1 receptor agonists for neurodegenerative diseases. The adipose tissue-derived hormone leptin acts on vHP neurons to reduce food intake and motivated responding for palatable food (78).Other drugs in this class include Trulicity, Victoza, and Saxenda, each with unique characteristics and approved uses.These medications mimic the effects of natural GLP-1, helping patients feel fuller faster and reducing the urge to overeat.Survodutide completed separate phase 2 trials in 2024 examining individuals with obesity and those with biopsy confirmed MASH.What remains to be seen is if the mixing and matching of the initial weight loss strategy, whatever this may be, with another weight loss maintenance strategy will lead to successful weight maintenance.GLP-1 is a hormone that is produced by the intestines and plays a role in regulating blood sugar levels and appetite.The results indicated that liraglutide is a safe and effective initial pharmacological therapy for T2DM, resulting in greater reductions in glycosylated hemoglobin, weight, hypoglycemia, and blood pressure compared to glimepiride .As such, the category of drugs that target that hormone are also used to treat Type 2 diabetes. Nonetheless, these effects frequently diminish over time as patients become accustomed to the medication. The efficacy of GLP-1-RAs in managing obesity-related complications in individuals with T2DM is underscored by their long-term effectiveness in weight management . Comparative tests have demonstrated that newer GLP-1-RAs, including semaglutide, offer superior glycemic control compared with previous medications. These medications have resulted in HbA1c reductions ranging from 0.8% to 1.8% in clinical trials . These medications are not only beneficial for controlling blood sugar levels and reducing weight but are also essential for treating metabolic diseases. Although initially developed for glucose management, these drugs have also demonstrated efficacy in promoting weight loss and reducing the risk of CVD. The EX-LAR treatment weekly may be a promising diabetes prevention method, considering the favorable effects of GLP-1R activation on β cells and weight loss. They are not recommended in patients with severe gastrointestinal disease (e.g., gastroparesis). Consulting a healthcare or fitness professional can provide tailored insights to fit your unique fitness journey. If you encounter unusual fatigue, weakness, or soreness, consider reducing intensity and observe how your body reacts. While a structured workout routine is essential, being in tune with your body is equally important. Your healthcare team should provide thorough instructions on injection techniques and managing your medication. Your provider may also recommend working with a registered dietitian to optimize your nutrition while on these medications. Blood glucose levels typically start to improve within a few days to weeks of starting treatment, with the most significant glycemic benefits generally occurring within 2 to 3 months. Most people notice appetite suppression and some weight loss within the first few weeks. When you begin GLP-1 treatment, your healthcare provider will typically start with a low dose, gradually increasing it over several weeks. Clinical Evidence According to Raoul Manalac, MD, the senior director of obesity science at Ro, the remote care platform can help enhance patient-provider communication, especially for folks who'd otherwise go without patient engagement. Patients taking a medical intervention like a GLP-1 will want to surround themselves with credentialed providers who are certified to manage patients taking GLP-1s, she indicated. The important part is having a multidisciplinary care team featuring registered dieticians, health coaches, pharmacists, nurses and other licensed providers. "We always focus on what's most important to them and why they are taking this GLP-1. What do they want to achieve? We set up very realistic expectations, and then we help a person with diabetes to get where they want to get." Subscribe to Cleveland Clinic Health Essentials In just a few years, GLP-1 receptor agonists have risen from novel medications to the most promising option for enabling meaningful weight reduction in appropriate patients. Alongside promoting weight loss, GLP-1 receptor agonists deliver key therapeutic benefits for patients with type 2 diabetes. While remission can occur in rare cases, the disease mechanisms underlying obesity often persist.(27) Framing GLP-1 medications as acute treatment risks undervaluing their potential for long-term medical management of a serious metabolic disease. GLP-1s can help you break through the weight gain cycle and find results that last. GLP-1s are safe and effective to take alongside many conditions for adults with a BMI over 30 or a BMI over 27 with a weight-related comorbidity. At 3 months, members should also feel improvements in sleep, energy levels, and exercise stamina. Calibrate’s approach fights biology with biology to improve your overall metabolic health for lasting results. 95% of diets fail because they don’t address the root cause of weight gain—your biology. The 503B outsourcing facilities produce compounded drugs in bulk and are registered with the FDA. For about two years, traditional 503A compounding pharmacies and 503B outsourcing facilities were permitted by the FDA to make compounded semaglutide and tirzepatide under the exceptions for drug shortages. In April 2025, they banned the sale of “counterfeit” semaglutide and tirzepatide. Some online healthcare providers claim to sell Ozempic, Wegovy, or Zepbound at reduced prices. At this time, very little attention is being afforded to the discontinuation of GLP-1 drugs after weight loss has occurred, but this may change if serious consequences of prolonged exposure in young persons are documented. The overall mechanisms of GLP-1 agonists on weight loss are predominantly through the reduction in energy intake and not on energy expenditure. Amylin analogs such as cagrilintide are being explored for obesity treatment in concert with GLP-1 drugs . Living with type 2 diabetes involves learning about the condition and lifestyle changes. You also have other tests to screen for complications of diabetes and other medical conditions. The American Diabetes Association suggests that all adults age 35 or older have routine tests for type 2 diabetes. This may be attributed to the relatively recent approval of several of these medications in adults and current ongoing trials such as STEP YOUNG for Wegovy® and SCALE KIDS for Saxenda® .A guideline from the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and The Obesity Society was published in 2014, but recently approved pharmacological treatments for obesity were not included .In this article we review the glucagon like peptide −1 receptor agonist (GLP-1) medications and discuss how to approach using them for weight loss and management in non-diabetic patients.Over the time period during which this exponential increase in obesity prevalence occurred, the average daily food intake for adults in the United States is estimated to have risen by ∼300–500 kcal per day (28, 37), indicating that excessive eating is indeed a causal factor.The important question to answer in this study is whether the changes in glycemic control and CV risk factors are predominately driven by weight loss over a long period of time versus an intrinsic effect of GLP‐1 RAs.Much has been written about GLP-1s and their impact on employer health plans. GLP-1 medications are injectables, but they are delivered through very specific devices and might not be what patients are used to, even if they’ve been taking insulin or other injections for some time. But should a patient using a GLP-1 plan to become pregnant or become pregnant, they must be counseled to stop the medication as soon as possible because weight loss medications are not recommended during pregnancy, according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and other groups. Injectable semaglutide also has an indication for cardiac risk reduction, and many presume approval for cardiac indications for other GLP-1 medications is only a few years away. By focusing on sustainable weight loss, GLP-1s can be a powerful tool in your weight management arsenal, helping you achieve your goals in a healthy and enduring way. Clinical studies suggest that many patients may lose an average of 5% to 10% of their body weight in six months with proper use of GLP-1s. Many people begin to see initial weight loss within a few weeks of starting the medication. These drugs may be considered for patients with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or greater or a BMI of 27 or greater with comorbid conditions. When GLP‐1s are discontinued, weight regain is common—with up to two‐thirds of the lost weight regained within 1 years 18, 19, 20. When GLP‐1 use is continued, weight reduction is sustained for at least 4 years in controlled and observational studies 16, 17. Generally, weight reduction is more rapid during the first 6 months and slows thereafter, with relative plateauing at 18 months 13, 14, 15. GLP‐1s are separately approved for type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease, which are not the focus of this Advisory. Ozempic and Wegovy are both semaglutide, another popular GLP-1 receptor agonist. Alright, let’s compare Mounjaro to other GLP-1 medications out there. Therefore, if you are looking for a medication to help you manage your weight, make an appointment with your doctor to discuss your options. For instance, increased energy levels, better sleep, and reduced joint pain are common among people who lose weight. But with commitment and the right approach, Mounjaro can be a valuable tool in your weight loss journey. The American Diabetes Association suggests using these drugs as a second-line diabetes treatment after metformin. The positive effects are likely due to improvements in blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and direct benefits to cardiovascular tissue. It’s important to note that GLP-1 refers to the entire class of medications, while Ozempic is a specific brand name for semaglutide, which is produced by Novo Nordisk. One of the ways these medications work is by slowing the movement of food through your digestive system, which helps you feel full for longer periods and reduces your overall calorie intake. You can keep taking these medications as long as you are benefiting from treatment and not experiencing serious side effects. Some, but not all, insurance plans cover medications that treat overweight and obesity. If you have lost enough weight to improve your health and are not experiencing serious side effects, your health care professional may advise you to stay on the medication indefinitely. How long you will need to take weight management medication depends on whether the drug helps you lose weight and keep it off and whether you experience serious side effects. Similarly, in the LEAD-5 trial, liraglutide produced more weight reduction than placebo (1.39 kg treatment difference) and glargine (3.4 kg treatment difference) . The LEAD-4 study demonstrated that compared to placebo (0.6 +/− 0.3 kg), weight loss was achieved with doses of 1.2 and 1.8 mg of liraglutide (1.0 +/− 0.3 and 2.0 +/− 0.3 kg, respectively) . Clinical data were obtained from the LEAD-1 study , which compared the effects of glimepiride with two doses of the GLP-1 analog liraglutide (1.2 mg and 1.8 mg) or rosiglitazone (4 mg) in patients with T2DM. After two years, participants randomized to liraglutide 2.4 or 3.0 mg (pool group) sustained a mean weight loss of 5.3 kg. Persons with history of eating disorder and considering GLP‐1s for obesity should be referred to an obesity medicine specialist and an eating disorders specialist; restrictive eating disorder is a general contraindication to GLP‐1 use. Persons with or at risk for renal impairment should be counseled on strategies to prevent dehydration and monitored for changes in renal function. Postmarket reports—which may overestimate side effects—have noted renal impairment upon initiation and dose escalation of GLP‐1s, which appears due to volume depletion resulting from dehydration caused by nausea and vomiting . Injectable GLP-1 agonists are divided into short-acting and long-acting formulations. These injections are designed to mimic the actions of the naturally occurring GLP-1 hormone, which plays a crucial role in regulating insulin secretion, glucose homeostasis, and appetite. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists are primarily available as injectable formulations, administered subcutaneously (under the skin). This is only the beginning of learning how to most effectively harness the promise of GLP-1 drugs. Such comprehensive care will make clinicians more effective stewards of these medications and positive contributors to their patients' health. The report noted that individuals with clinical obesity should receive timely, evidence‐based treatment to improve or remit symptoms and prevent further complications; while those with preclinical obesity could be managed with health counseling and monitoring to mitigate progression. Questions include dose‐specific effects of single nutrient, food, and dietary pattern interventions; targeting multiple enteroendocrine pathways simultaneously; potential differences in subgroup responses (e.g., with insulin resistance or obesity); and effects of prebiotic, probiotic, and symbiotic therapies 268, 272. The inability to consistently access sufficient and nutritious food affects an individual's ability to adhere to an obesity treatment plan, particularly given the importance of dietary modifications to optimize the benefits of GLP‐1 use, reduce nutrient shortfalls, and manage side effects. Cost Overview and Pricing Considerations Discover the differences between Saxenda vs Mysimba weight loss treatments. Learn how PrivateDoc helps patients restart treatment safely with clinical guidance. But what if we told you that true, healthy weight loss is about so much more than just pounds and kilograms? Some patients see slower or smaller changes than expected when using GLP-1 medications. Discover what causes “Ozempic face” during weight loss with Wegovy or Mounjaro, and learn how to keep your skin healthy and supported throughout your journey. Your Calibrate clinician will prescribe the most clinically appropriate GLP-1 that’s covered by your insurance and as you progress through the program, the Calibrate Medical team will recommend how long taking GLP-1 medication is right for you. Members of the Calibrate program can expect to lose at least 5% of their weight within 3 months as well as reduce their overall body fat percentage. The effectiveness of GLP-1s for weight loss can vary—but they're most effective when combined with lifestyle changes proven to support weight loss. The article looks into overcoming addiction through professional treatment, lifestyle changes, and the power of supportive community networks. AI technology is profoundly transforming the digital revolution in mental health counseling through innovative applications. It does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and should not be relied upon as a substitute for professional medical guidance. Well-tolerated medicines with minimal side effects are necessary for the long-term management of chronic illnesses such as T2D . Another key benefit of natural goods over synthetic medications is their intrinsic safety profile. To simulate the effects of synthetic medicines, some, such as curcumin and berberine, may directly activate GLP-1 receptors . Although ghrelin administration had no impact on blood lipid levels, TG, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) levels were considerably higher in the T2D group as compared to control rats. Researchers Coskun et al. discovered that ghrelin-treated T2D rats' livers showed altered expression levels of cannabinoid receptor 1 (Cnr1/CB1) and GLP-1R mRNAs, as well as miR-33a and miR-122. Suboptimal Treatment Response with AOMs This could be particularly helpful for people who have trouble remembering to take their medication or who don’t like needles. These devices could provide a steady dose of medication throughout the day without the need for injections. Another potential innovation is the use of wearable devices that deliver GLP-1 agonists through the skin. It’s the wrong question because most plans will answer, “Yes, but coverage may be only available in limited circumstances.” For example, most plans today do cover GLP-1s when a diabetes diagnosis exists. That said, GLP-1s are not going away, nor will the decisions employers need to make regarding how they balance the high cost with health benefits and employee relations considerations. What we do know is that while the drugs have surged in popularity over the past year, coverage for the drugs has not tracked that popularity. If some form of the bill becomes law, employers will need to carefully consider and plan for expected health plan cost increases. Weight-loss surgery is only one part of an overall treatment plan. Some procedures also limit the amount of nutrients the body can absorb. People take most types of insulin as an injection. By understanding this connection, we can better appreciate the importance of GLP-1 in both physical and mental health.At 6 months, Calibrate members should reach at least 10% body weight loss while taking GLP-1s, resulting in a smaller waist circumference.Glucose homeostasis refers to the balance of insulin and glucose in the blood, keeping blood sugar levels within a healthy range.Careful consideration should be given to projected costs and potential health and wellness benefits for the employee population.They are prescription medications that must be prescribed by a healthcare professional.Most people tolerate semaglutide well, but it’s important to be aware of rare yet serious side effects involving the pancreas, gallbladder, or kidneys.If you are considering GLP-1 medications, consult your healthcare provider to explore your options. The study showed, along with weight loss, that the drug also improved the quality of life and well-being of participants, as cardiovascular risks such as high blood pressure were also being managed. Phase 3 of the semaglutide treatment effect in people with obesity or the STEP 3 program proved efficacy in reducing weight at much higher ranges at the 2.4 mg dose . Since then, semaglutide has been approved to treat individuals with chronic obesity, to aid in weight loss. Past research also suggests that long-term use of such medications may result in more severe side effects such as hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), pancreatitis, and C-cell hyperplasia, a potential precursor to medullary thyroid carcinoma 7, 11. To determine whether patients had undergone a bariatric procedure, we used the ICD-10-CM and CPT-4 codes described in Table S2. Obesity was defined as an ICD-9-CM or ICD-10-CM diagnostic code of obesity or a calculated BMI ≥30 kg/m2. When there was more than one weight measurement in a given 8-week interval, we randomly selected a weight measurement for that window. The PrivateDoc Weight Loss Service It’s a temporary adjustment period for most, leading to the significant long-term benefits of the treatment. Staying hydrated and eating smaller, more frequent meals can help manage these effects. According to the Cleveland Clinic, the most frequently reported side effects include a loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. When you first begin taking a GLP-1 medication or increase your dose, it’s common to experience some digestive changes. Being aware of what to expect allows you to work with your provider to manage any discomfort and stay on track with your health goals. DUL is a long-acting GLP-1R agonist which can promote insulin secretion, inhibit gastric emptying, and reduce appetite. More clinical trials aimed at obese people in Asia and Africa are expected to prove its effectiveness and safety. These adverse reactions are generally mild to moderate and gradually alleviated in most patients (100, 104). The main adverse reactions were gastrointestinal side effects, including nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting. Rebates have a large impact and are an important element of total cost for GLP-1 drugs. Following is a summary of the retail and typical pharmacy prices for GLP-1 drugs. Much has been written about the cost of GLP-1s and the potential healthcare spend increase for employers and health plans if widespread coverage and utilization were to be adopted. GLP-1s delay gastric emptying, leading to bloating, fullness, and nausea.43 GLP-1s activate several brain regions responsible for weight regulation, appetite, and nausea.51 Occasionally, GLP-1s affect intestinal motility or secretions, contributing to diarrhea.46 Higher doses are more likely to provoke these adverse symptoms, indicating a dose-dependent relationship.40 Combining GLP-1s with metformin does not appear to worsen GI side effects, despite metformin’s association with similar symptoms.50 42 and 43 based on follow-up periods of up to 68 weeks (semaglutide) or 72 weeks (tirzepatide). For long-term weight loss maintenance there would need to be an increase in weekly exercise to three hundred minutes, which is typically not sustainable.4 Additionally, individual or group sessions in a weight management program should be considered. Most international guidelines recommend at least a 500kcal daily energy deficit for weight loss.4 According to the American Heart Association and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, as long as the diet is balanced and healthy the macronutrient composition is not significant.4 The recommended amount of exercise is 150 minutes per week of moderate intensity.4 This includes both endurance exercise and strength training. The Semaglutide Treatment Effect in People with Obesity (STEP) trials evaluated the safety and efficacy of semaglutide for weight loss. This is difficult because weight loss activates central and peripheral compensatory mechanisms that counter weight loss and favor weight gain.4 When lifestyle intervention is the sole treatment, weight is typically regained even with continued compliance.6 Treatment requires a comprehensive approach that includes lifestyle interventions, pharmacotherapy and in some instances, bariatric surgery. Figure 2 (and Table S3) shows the observed and modeled percent weight change in each 8-week window through 72 weeks. BMI, body mass index; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein. The most commonly dispensed GLP-1 agonists were liraglutide (52%) and dulaglutide (40%). The mean age in the final cohort was 48 years and mean body mass index was 37 kg/m2. A linear mixed model was used to estimate percent weight change, with follow-up time as a discrete fixed effect (i.e., 8-week intervals from baseline to 72 weeks). Some, but not all, employers are in a position to choose whether they elect to cover weight loss medications, including GLP-1s.Allowing enjoyable foods in moderation, like a few times per week, can help reduce cravings and the food noise that can interfere with your weight-loss goals.6254a4d1642c605c54bf1cab17d50f1e"Ro's platform makes it easy for patients or providers to connect, enabling patients to ask a question, report a side effect or share progress with a provider any time they need," Manalac said in an emailed statement.Obesity is a chronic condition demanding effective treatment strategies, among which pharmacotherapy plays a critical role.Diabetes can impair weight loss for it was shown that people with this disease achieve only half the weight loss of individuals with no diabetes under the same intervention.Although the general focus is on the US context, the recommendations have implications for use of GLP-1s for obesity management globally.Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning with body composition programming is considered a gold standard, yet it is also more costly and less likely to be done frequently. GLP-1 medications represent a breakthrough in weight management, offering the most effective option for long-term results when combined with lifestyle changes. While GLP-1 receptor agonists offer dramatic effects, there are also natural ways to support your body’s endogenous GLP-1 production. Clinical trials show that weight loss from GLP-1 receptor agonists is sustained over time, particularly when combined with lifestyle changes. By slowing gastric emptying and acting directly on brain receptors that regulate hunger, these medications significantly reduce food intake. This means it only stimulates insulin when blood glucose levels are elevated, reducing the risk of hypoglycemia. The proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1 appear to be crucial for the food intake and body weight-reducing effect of GLP-1 in rats and mice (134), as pharmacologic or genetic blockade of IL-1 or IL-6 signaling abolishes the intake and weight-reducing effects of Ex4. Thus, further analysis of the cellular phenotypes mediating GLP-1's effects on these signaling cascades may reveal important insights for development of future antiobesity drugs by identifying key neural substrates to target in conjunction with GLP-1R agonists. This idea is further strengthened by data showing that coactivation of GLP-1R and estrogen receptors selectively in GLP-1R-expressing tissues with conjugated GLP-1-estradiol synergistically reduces food intake and body weight independently of sex (34). GLP-1 injected locally into the LHA results in short latency and short-lasting (1–2 h) hypophagia (130), and liraglutide administration to the LHA in rats results in body weight loss and food intake reduction 24 h after injection (11). Less common side effects included dyspepsia, fatigue, headache, eructation (belching), hair loss, gastroesophageal reflux, dizziness, and gastritis (Table 2). GLP‐1s activate several brain regions responsible for weight regulation, appetite, and nausea . Combining GLP‐1s with metformin does not appear to worsen GI side effects, despite metformin's association with similar symptoms . Data from references and , based on follow‐up periods of up to 68 weeks (semaglutide) or 72 weeks (tirzepatide). Real‐world experience has largely mirrored these trial data, with GI issues (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, constipation) being the most frequently reported side effects 47, 48. In this section, we will look at what the future might hold for GLP-1 agonists. Every person’s health needs are different, and what works for one person might not be the best option for another. Finally, the most important thing to remember when choosing a GLP-1 agonist is that this decision should be made with the guidance of your healthcare provider. If you have a more structured daily routine, you might find it easier to stick with a medication that requires regular, consistent dosing. For example, if you travel frequently or have an unpredictable schedule, a medication that is easier to store and administer on the go might be more convenient. Moreover, particular attention should be paid to the way in which prescribing doctors apply the recommendations of international guidelines in order to avoid as much as possible clinical inertia, to improve cardio–reno metabolic efficiency and safety in obese patients with or without diabetes. GLP-1R agonists are an attractive target for generating more effective therapies for T2DM, given their reported beneficial effects on several organs in the body involved in the pathology of the disease. The main outcomes and side effects observed in clinical trials of GLP1-RA against obesity are summarized in Table 5. Patients who continued on exenatide QWS-AI therapy for 52 weeks maintained their A1C levels and weight loss without any additional safety or tolerability issues . The trial aimed to compare the effects of ExQW and ExBID on glycemic control, body weight, and safety over 24 weeks. Long-acting insulin, for instance, works overnight or throughout the day to keep blood sugar levels even.The common adverse reactions of GLP-1R agonists include gastrointestinal reactions, mainly loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, etc., primarily mild or moderate.Some patients may feel that taking weight loss medications is their only gateway to behavior change.Now that you have the facts, it’s time to decide which treatment aligns with your health needs.To determine whether patients had undergone a bariatric procedure, we used the ICD-10-CM and CPT-4 codes described in Table S2.The cardiometabolic consequences of obesity such as insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, and dyslipidemia are all stressors on the heart and vascular system 18,19.The inhibitory effect of GLP-1 on gastric emptying is dose-dependent, and the use of lower doses of GLP-1 in patients with T2DM may also be suitable for blood glucose control (141).Engaging with healthcare providers to craft a customized approach not only creates a nurturing environment but also increases the likelihood of success. There is therefore a need for some patients to take medications to help them lose weight and prevent weight regain. Weight loss can reduce the risk of developing these health problems but, despite this, levels of obesity remain high. Reasons for low levels of initiation and long-term use of AOMs may include reluctance of public health and medical organizations to recognize obesity as a disease, lack of reimbursement, provider inexperience, and misperceptions about the efficacy and safety of available treatments. As per GLP-1 weight loss dosage chart, the typical maintenance dose of GLP-1 for weight loss is 1 mg once a week. This helps minimize side effects like nausea and digestive discomfort as your body adjusts. Initial DoseThe initial GLP-1 dose for weight loss is typically low. A recent expert group reviewed the utility of BMI-based measures for assessing individual health and concluded that these can misclassify (both underestimate and overestimate) adiposity—and thus undermine effective clinical care and policy development.271 To address this, the report proposed a new definition of clinical obesity—a chronic, systemic illness resulting from excess adiposity and characterized by alterations in tissue and organ function. Ultraprocessed foods are defined by the use of industrial additives or processing technologies not normally used in home cooking.299 Mechanisms of harm appear likely varied and could include changes to the food matrix; higher starch, sugar, or salt; less fiber, micronutrients, or polyphenols; harms of certain additives, industrial toxins, or packaging contaminants; and displacement of minimally processed, healthful foods.299 Avoiding these foods is generally advisable, although certain subcategories of ultraprocessed foods may have neutral or net positive health effects (e.g., those rich in whole grains, fruit, yogurts, or seafood), depending on their ingredients, processing, and additives.300,301 Long periods of fasting without sufficient protein intake or dietary variety can lead to nutritional inadequacy, clinical nutrient deficiencies, loss of fat-free mass, and reduced resting energy expenditure.297 These effects can be mitigated through strength training, adequate protein and calories consumption, and a variety of minimally processed, nutrient-rich foods (Table 6).298 While persistent GLP-1 therapy is recommended for obesity control and weight maintenance, most individuals prescribed GLP-1s for obesity treatment stop taking the drug within 1 year. These drugs may improve glycemic control, weight management, and cardiovascular risk, but their high cost may prevent their use . However, when considering these medications, it's crucial to assess their long-term effects on health outcomes and overall healthcare costs . These drugs are more expensive than traditional diabetic treatments, which may be a barrier for patients and the healthcare system. GLP-1 medications offer more than just weight loss and blood sugar control, they also have significant cardiovascular benefits. GLP-1 agonists, also known as GLP-1 receptor agonists, are a class of medications designed to mimic the effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), a hormone naturally produced in your intestines. By understanding the complexities of GLP-1 medications and committing to a holistic approach to weight management, we can take significant steps towards achieving and maintaining a healthier weight. Most healthcare providers recommend using GLP-1 medications for at least 12 to 24 months to achieve meaningful weight loss. If you’re contemplating using GLP-1 medications for weight loss, we encourage you to take our free assessment quiz to determine your eligibility and begin your personalized treatment journey. As the field of weight management continues to evolve, GLP1 supplements stand out as a promising tool in the fight against obesity. The exploration of GLP1 supplements as a weight loss aid underscores their potential in addressing obesity and related complications. These services have revolutionized the way people approach weight management, enabling them to find weight loss shots near me with ease. In this article, the focus will be on exploring the effectiveness of GLP1 supplements in aiding weight loss, supported by scientific insights and clinical evaluations. Among her many areas of expertise, Dr. Moye has a particular interest in using medications to treat obesity. This class of brand-name medications is FDA-approved for both the treatment of type 2 diabetes and for long-term weight management. Our clinical experience has taught us that most patients tolerate the medications well the proper dosing protocols in place and proper management of adverse effects. These medications have also been linked to improvements in blood pressure and cholesterol levels, enhancing overall metabolic health and potentially reducing the risk of heart failure and kidney disease. In the United States, oral and injectable forms of SMG are approved for treating T2DM, while only injectable forms are approved for treating obesity (103). However, it should be noted that combined with insulin may lead to hypoglycemia (94). A 56-week trial included 422 patients with BMI≥30 kg/m2 or BMI≥27 kg/m2 with dyslipidemia and/or hypertension (non-diabetic). Pi-Sunyer (92) et al. enrolled 3731 patients without T2DM (BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2 or 30 kg/m2) and gave LIR 3mg daily subcutaneous injection. However, iGlarLixi patients had more gastrointestinal-related adverse, primarily nausea (16.9% vs. 0.8%) in this 26-week, randomized, open-label study (70).It’s the wrong question because most plans will answer, “Yes, but coverage may be only available in limited circumstances.” For example, most plans today do cover GLP-1s when a diabetes diagnosis exists.These are powerful prescription drugs that require professional medical guidance to be used safely and effectively.Monitoring parameters during GLP-1 therapy should include glycemic markers, body weight, blood pressure, renal function, and assessment of gastrointestinal tolerability.A recent comparison of GLP-1RAs versus placebo in both pediatric and adult populations demonstrated the significant efficacy of GLP-1RAs in promoting weight loss, highlighting their potential across diverse age groups (57).They also slow down the rate at which food leaves the stomach (gastric emptying) and reduce appetite, which can help with weight loss.First, some GLP-1RA drugs are still under development, and the related clinical trial data are limited, which may affect the robustness of the pharmacodynamic models. They are prescription medications and are not available over the counter (OTC) 36,37. The approval of Saxenda marked the first time a GLP-1-RA was officially indicated for weight management, broadening the therapeutic applications of this drug class. In 2009, liraglutide (Victoza) received FDA approval for once-daily injection in T2DM treatment, offering improved convenience for patients . In 2024, 6% of United States (US) adults report current GLP‐1 use, and 12% report current or past use—rising to 22% among individuals told by a clinician that they have overweight or obesity . In randomized trials, GLP‐1s produce placebo‐adjusted weight reduction of 5% to 18% among individuals with obesity or overweight and weight‐related complications. During GLP‐1 use, nutritional and medical management of gastrointestinal side effects is critical, as is navigating altered dietary preferences and intakes, preventing nutrient deficiencies, preserving muscle and bone mass through resistance training and appropriate diet, and complementary lifestyle interventions. Challenges include side effects, especially gastrointestinal; nutritional deficiencies due to calorie reduction; muscle and bone loss; low long‐term adherence with subsequent weight regain; and high costs with resulting low cost‐effectiveness. We aimed to identify pragmatic priorities for nutrition and other lifestyle interventions relevant to GLP‐1 treatment of obesity for the practicing clinician. Ozempic is the same drug but it has only been FDA-approved for treating diabetes and it comes in a lower dose (the maximum prescribed dose of Ozempic is 2.0 mg). Also, those who are pregnant or nursing, planning to become pregnant, have a personal or family history of certain cancers, or have experienced angioedema, should not take GLP-1 agonists. For a doctor to prescribe the drugs, you need to meet certain criteria. That’s why, notes Kushner, “when a person uses a GLP-1 agonist, they may feel less hungry, have less cravings and thoughts of food, and feel more full after a meal and between meals.” They may also raise your resting metabolism. But they also activate receptors in the brain to curb appetite and in the gut to slow stomach emptying. At TrimRx, we believe that sustainable weight loss is not only about medications but also about the personalized care and support that individuals receive during their weight-loss journey. This phase can involve adjusting the dosage or frequency of GLP-1 medication to help maintain weight loss while minimizing potential side effects. While GLP-1 medications are generally well-tolerated, they may cause side effects, particularly during the initial phase of treatment. While the duration of GLP-1 treatment can vary based on individual factors, many healthcare providers recommend a minimum treatment period of 12 to 24 months for effective weight management. If the 3 mg dose cannot be tolerated, treatment should be discontinued, although some weight loss would still be expected. Furthermore, liraglutide has shown significant improvements in insulin action, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, weight reduction (including waist circumference), and reproductive function, including increased pregnancy rates in overweight or obese PCOS women . Exercise and liraglutide therapy together promoted healthy weight loss maintenance more than either therapy alone . The randomized, head-to-head, placebo-controlled trial involved adults with obesity (body mass index BMI, 32 to 43) who did not have diabetes. Protein intake in adults should not fall below 0.4–0.5 g/kg/day, as this can lead to muscle atrophy and functional impairments, whereas prolonged intake at or above 2 g/kg/day should be avoided due to potential adverse health effects . The adverse effects of weight reduction on muscle and bone mass—particularly among individuals with insufficient physical activity or protein intake or at older ages 63, 158—have highlighted the interrelated priorities to preserve muscle mass, muscle quality, bone mass, and physical function. Nutritional recommendations and counseling are important to support weight reduction, prevent and mitigate gastrointestinal side effects, reduce muscle and bone loss, and support long‐term weight maintenance. In these situations, it is beneficial to discuss with individuals whether this is related to disordered thoughts about “food as love,” affective changes induced by the medication, or a loss of interest in a food‐related hobby such as cooking . A study published in May 2021 focused on maintaining healthy weight loss with exercise, liraglutide, or both. Liraglutide is effective in inducing and sustaining weight loss in obese patients, with the added benefit of improved glycemic control . When comparing liraglutide to exenatide, both drugs induced similar weight loss (liraglutide −3.24 kg vs. exenatide −2.87 kg) . The study found that liraglutide 3.0 mg may provide health benefits for people with prediabetes and obesity. To evaluate the long-term clinical and economic outcomes of these treatments, we employed the CORE diabetes (Centre for Outcomes and Resource Evaluation) model, which uses epidemiological data from long-term clinical trials to simulate the morbidity, mortality, and costs of diabetes. However, if you experience any severe side effects, be sure to contact your doctor immediately.Compensatory changes in the levels of weight-regulating hormones such as leptin, ghrelin, peptide YY, and gastric inhibitory peptide can counteract diet-induced weight loss, highlighting the difficulty in maintaining weight loss through diet alone .Integrating GLP-1RA therapies into weight management programs could be beneficial.The primary goal of this study was to improve medication potency, duration of action, and pharmacokinetics (PK).Beyond discussions of weather and weekend plans, many people are buzzing about GLP-1 medications—an exciting development in weight loss and diabetes care.Understanding this can help us appreciate why GLP-1 is often discussed in the context of weight loss, particularly in treatments for obesity.The weight loss injections cost for branded versions is higher, often exceeding $1,000 per month without insurance.One- or two-step Lixisenatide dose-escalation regimens significantly improved glycemic control and decreased body weight over 24 weeks and a long-term extension period without increasing hypoglycemia. Basic science pursuit into the neurobiology underlying excessive food intake is urgently needed as existing pharmacological and behavioral therapies offer limited success and gastrointestinal bariatric surgery, while effective at reducing energy intake, has serious adverse and irreversible consequences (69). With an estimated 80 million U.S. adults believed to have obesity (18), the overall cost of obesity-related illnesses per year has skyrocketed to $450–550 billion (17). Obesity prevalence in the United States has increased by 75% since 1980, with more than one-third of adults categorized as obese and another one-third characterized as overweight (35, 111). In this real-world study using data from over 2,400 patients with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes, most patients who started a GLP-1 agonist lost weight through 72 weeks and one third lost a clinically meaningful amount (at least 5% of body weight). Using data from a large integrated healthcare system, we sought to describe the percent change in body weight from baseline among patients with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes 72 weeks after starting a GLP-1 agonist. Patients with type 2 diabetes who would benefit from glycemic control alongside weight management may be good candidates for treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists. Selecting patients for treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists for weight management involves several criteria. In this article, we will discuss how GLP-1 receptor agonists may support weight management, their clinical uses, and their potential side effects. With more obesity medication options available along with indications for treatment of obesity-related diseases, doctors will be increasingly able to personalize treatments. Some patients may lose about 5% of their body weight. Patients lose an average of 5–10% of body weight on this extended-release combination medication. In my experience, it is important for clinicians and care managers to have an upfront conversation with patients about what they might experience on a GLP-1 medication. I would highly encourage professionals to access an evidence-based and current clinical decision support solution just as a handy resource to familiarize themselves with recommendations regarding GLP-1 weight-loss indications and therapeutic uses. Today, many of the GLP-1s are approved to treat weight loss, and it has practically become their primary indication. As a pharmacist specializing in endocrinology and diabetes management, like most in the field, I have been familiar with this drug class for many years.