When your body is faced with chronic and ongoing stress, it overproduces the stress hormone, cortisol, to compensate. Soy foods are also high in phytoestrogens, plant-based substances that mimic the effects of estrogen that may reduce testosterone (9). The decline can also increase your risk of long-term health conditions like diabetes, heart disease (2), and even an early death (3). The benefits when it comes to muscle growth can be similar to steroids but without the negative side effects. TestoTEK contains 400 milligrams more than most of the highly rated testosterone boosters in this review. It has Mucuna Pruriens, which keeps the testosterone levels high and helps maintain them throughout the day. You can also depend on this testosterone supplement to improve and cultivate your sexual drive. • It comes with a 90-day risk-free money back guarantee• It is made from high-quality natural testosterone boosting ingredients• Helps promote your general wellbeing The testosterone boosting ingredients used also help to alleviate arthritis symptoms, improve your mood, reduce fatigue and lethargy, and increase your libido. An additional group of oral agents exist that have been available for decades; these are 17-alpha alkylated androgens (methyltestosterone and fluoxymesterone). Oral Testosterone undecanoate also includes a black box warning regarding blood pressure increases and risk of cardiac events, which makes its use a major concern for older men. This formulation requires more frequent and larger doses in order to effectively replete testosterone therapy (15). These natural sources include Brassaiopsis glomerulata from the Araliaceae plant family (i.e., ginseng). Extracts of many natural sources and nutrients, part of them used by traditional medicine, have been tested and found to possess aromatase inhibition activity. To the best of our knowledge, this review is the first to focus on the nutrient influence on circulating testosterone concentrations. TestoFierce claims to give users more power, a faster metabolism, more confidence, a better mood, and even aid in the treatment of erectile dysfunction by increasing blood flow. It allows users to overcome the downsides of low testosterone and reclaim their masculinity and vitality. Taking the supplement daily, you will see initial results in 3–6 weeks and full results in 6–12 months. The frequency matters as there’s a time frame that your body needs to balance everything out. Even if you don’t have any symptoms of low testosterone, it’s still good to get a blood test annually, she says. Our simple test gets mailed to your home and uses a few drops of blood to test for a wide range of biological markers, that are crucial to understanding your hormonal levels. You used to have to go to the doctor’s office, or to a clinic that specializes in hormone evaluation. You want smooth blood flow, so an increase in red blood cells could easily cause stagnation. At the present time the data supports the treatment of hypogonadal men with testosterone to normalize testosterone levels and improve symptoms. Indeed, it is apparent that longer duration randomized controlled trials of testosterone treatment in large numbers of men are needed to confirm the effects of testosterone on many aspects of aging male health including cardiovascular health, psychiatric health, prostate cancer and functional capacity. In our clinical experience, the incidence of significant adverse effects with treatment producing physiological testosterone levels is low, and many side effects attributed to testosterone are mainly relevant to supraphysiological replacement. Regardless of the method of testosterone treatment chosen, patients will require regular monitoring during the first year of treatment in order to monitor clinical response to testosterone, testosterone levels and adverse effects, including prostate cancer (see Table 2). Selecting appropriate dosing regimens and formulations of testosterone have been shown to have a lower suppressive capacity on the HPG axis. Furthermore, additional efforts are necessary to establish recommendations for management of infertility in men with hypogonadism, and to raise awareness among physicians about the adverse effects of TRT on spermatogenesis (44). Furthermore, this study reported the failure of spermatogenesis recovery in more than 20% of these men after TRT cessation, although pre-existing causes of spermatogenesis defect could also be responsible (42). Patients and health care professionals are not always aware of the potential adverse effect of TRT on normal testicular function (40). TRT is necessary in hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (primary testicular failure), where the serum testosterone level is low and the level of LH is high (38). Studies have demonstrated reduced testosterone levels in men with heart failure as well as other endocrine changes (Tappler and Katz 1979; Kontoleon et al 2003). In summary, low testosterone levels are linked to the presence of numerous cardiovascular risk factors. A recent meta-analysis of 17 randomized controlled trials confirmed this and found that the magnitude of changes was larger in trials of patients with lower baseline testosterone levels (Isidori et al 2005). Synthetic testosterone can also inhibit good cholesterol, increasing the risk of heart disease.But withdrawal, which can make some men deflate like used balloons, may be the most troubling problem.Vertebrates and other invertebrates are known for their ability to metabolize androstenedione to testosterone (T) via a 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD)-catalyzed pathway .Testosterone boosters also improve memory, focus, and energy levels.Testogen is research backed, has no side effects and contains completely safe natural ingredients (always check for allergens though).For 23 traits we performed the analyses using sex-specific GWAS results and compared these to data from sex-combined GWAS (Supplementary Data 13).Considering that testosterone concentrations can be strongly influenced by oxidative stress , it is possible that magnesium’s role in decreasing oxidative stress may provide the stimulus to maintain testosterone concentrations during periods of oxidative stress. Therefore, MR-10 could be used to prevent and treat andropause syndrome through upregulation of testosterone and testosterone precursors in the serum. (B) The GOT and GPT levels in MR-10 and placebo groups. A comparison of serum enzyme levels between MR-10 and placebo groups. It allows users to experience increases in everything necessary for success. It's great for gaining muscle, burning fat, increasing metabolism, and assisting men in going harder in the gym. While the ingredients and results speak for themselves, TestoGen has many publications and websites singing its praises, from Men's Health to LA Weekly. This uphill battle goes to a certain victory with TestoFierce's premium ingredients and excellent customer service. TestoFierce is a fierce ally in the fight to build muscle after you turn 40. The only real concern is that the dosage of some of the ingredients is a little on the low side, but this is perhaps counteracted by the fact there are so many ingredients in the first place – so you really are covering a lot of bases with this one. There is a cycle period to adhere to with this supplement with it being recommended to take a 10 day break after 2 months of taking it and you should expect to take the supplement each day – preferably just before breakfast. Increased energy, better performance in the gym and better performance sexually were all very noticeable and although these are anecdotal observations they were pretty apparent. It has also been used for centuries as an aphrodisiac so is another useful antidote for those suffering with lowered testosterone. L-Arginine – 250mg of L-Arginine is optimal for helping to improve blood flow around the body. Thus, stimulating the biosynthesis and improving the accessibility of nitric oxide could have positive effects on performance in athletes . Thus, TT-mediated actions would be responsible for increasing bench press performance, such as stimulating endogenous testosterone 12,21,24. The bench press gesture involves muscle groups (pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, triceps brachii, and latissimus dorsi) that are not usually used in other WODs 17,18. Our results are similar to those obtained in 1-RM bench press after three weeks of TT supplementation in powerlifters 12,21. Squat and dead lift employ muscle groups, mainly of the posterior chain, involved in many other CrossFit® movements (snatch, thrusters, lunges, burpees, box jump). Dr. Will Cole, DNM, IFMCP, DC is a leading functional medicine expert who consults people around the globe, starting one of the first functional medicine telehealth centers in the world. The information on this website has not been evaluated by the Food & Drug Administration or any other medical body. As one of the first functional medicine telehealth clinics in the world, we provide webcam health consultations for people around the globe. In my telehealth functional medicine clinic, we specialize in identifying the root cause of your symptoms and personalizing a plan of action tailored to your specific needs and health case. This is likely due to exercise’s already positive effect on testosterone. Following the supplementation period, participants performed an acute resistance exercise session consisting of 6 sets of 10 repetitions in the squat exercise at 80% of the participant’s one repetition maximum. However, subsequent research continues to still raise the issue that soy protein consumption can result in reductions in resting testosterone concentrations and response to exercise. A meta-analysis examining the effect of isoflavones and soy protein intake on testosterone concentrations and SHBG in men concluded that there was no negative effect of soy protein intake on TT, FT, or SHBG . The popularity of soy protein use among vegan athletes has resulted in a focus on its effect on sport performance and changes in testosterone concentrations. Isoflavones are also referred to as phytoestrogens and are compounds that bind to estrogen receptors, causing a cascade of events that exert estrogen-like effects 101,102. ESTROGENS AND PROGESTOGENS Manipulation of testosterone concentrations without the use of anabolic steroids has been a highly investigated topic because of the known effect testosterone has on enhancing athletic performance 2,6. There are numerous natural substances that have been scientifically tested or suggested to inhibit aromatase activity, alongside pharmaceutical compounds whose non-medical use is considered illegal 2,6. The enzyme aromatase is a member of the cytochrome P450 enzyme superfamily that catalyzes the conversion of androstenedione and testosterone to the aromatic estrogenic steroids estrone and estradiol, respectively . Bone, adipose tissue, and the brain are tissues in humans where the primary effect of testosterone is via aromatization to E2 4,12. Another main concern is that there is only 800mg per serving, which is significantly lower than that used in most top rated testosterone boosters on the market.These supplements are mostly used by men, as they produce higher testosterone levels than women.Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) may be needed to get levels back up to the normal range, but you can also increase testosterone naturally.This is because the body is having to do the work of producing the testosterone as well as reducing the production of estrogen.In human males, about 95% of testosterone is synthesized in the testis, and the remainder (≈5%) is synthesized by other organs, mostly the adrenal gland .As a result, androgens such as androstenedione may have an essential role in bone maturation in pre-pubertal children of both sexes .Ashwagandha also reduces stress, improves mental health, and increases physical performance.A nasal testosterone gel, known as Natesto®, is now available in the United States for treatment of male hypogonadism.If you’re ready to take control of your energy, strength, and confidence, TestoPrime is one of the most trusted testosterone boosters you can try today. For example, Yohimbe herbal supplements can treat sexual problems resulting from nerve pain, diabetes, and depression. Testosterone regulates libido, fat distribution, bone mass, and muscle strength, as well as the production of red blood cells and sperms. In females, testosterone affects fertility and sexual drive. If you're looking for effective testosterone boosting herbs instead of artificial supplements, today is your lucky day. When considering taking any kind of supplement, it is well worth investigating them as much as possible.It delivers some of the best serving sizes and highest quality ingredients available on the market today.The autosampler of the CyTOF XT dispensed CAS Plus to the pelleted sample tubes, mixed with EQ beads 0.1×, and then acquired on CyTOF XT mass cytometers at a rate of 300–500 cells s−1 using CyTOF software v.8.0 with noise reduction, event length limits of 10–150 pushes, and a flow rate of 0.030 ml min−1.A science-based guide for men to build muscle, lose fat, and transform their bodies through proper diet and exercise.Measurement of free testosterone is more challenging than measuring total; a recent article by Fiers et al reports that free testosterone by equilibrium dialysis is reliable and may be best approximated by use of the Vermuelen equation.Combine a healthy diet with regular exercise (at least 5 days per week) and a high quality testosterone booster, and you’ll have the most potential for serious results.Testo-Max is actually incredibly similar in its makeup to TestoGen with many of the same ingredients. Prescription transdermal testosterone treatments are used by millions of men whose levels have crashed (below 200 ng/dL). This will keep you safe from all the possible side effects of these boosters. Many young boys start taking them at the age of 17 or 18 but it may not be good for their body to start using these boosters at such an early stage. This DHEA-based testosterone booster formula is a metabolic testosterone boost to enhance Testosterone and lower your cortisol levels to give you that environment for hard, lean, and dry leans. Do test boosters make your balls smaller? Vitamin C has been shown to lower cortisol levels allowing your body to make more Testosterone and like Zinc. Your body produces the most testosterone and the better you sleep the more testosterone your body will produce while you sleep so if you’re having trouble getting 6-to-8 hours of good quality ‘testosterone producing’ sleep every night. A loss of morning erections or loss of sexual desire in the morning could be a sign that your testosterone is declining so you need to get 6-to-8 hours of sleep every night because while you’re sleeping. Foods high in Zinc include oysters (a natural aphrodisiac), liver, seafood, poultry, nuts & seeds or you can supplement with at least 50-to-100mg of Zinc daily In contrast, enhancing mineral levels can improve your health. Maintenance frequency and ability were also improved after the supplementation although not significantly. The results clearly showed that our supplement drink can rescue libido and erectile, orgasmic, and ejaculatory function in patients taking PDE5i. Informed consent was obtained from the study participants prior to beginning any of the study-related procedures or medications. Adopt modern health improvement strategies Testosterone levels in young men have been shown to correlate with bone size, indicating a role in determination of peak bone mass and protection from future osteoporosis (Lorentzon et al 2005). Women of a given age have a higher prevalence of osteoporosis in comparison to men but the prevalence increases with age in both sexes. Nevertheless, men start to lose bone mass during early adult life and experience an increase in the rate of bone loss with age (Scopacasa et al 2002). Randomised controlled trials of testosterone have ranged from one to thirty-six months in duration (Isidori et al 2005) although some uncontrolled studies have lasted up to 42 months. There is considerable heterogenicity in terms of study design and these differences have a potential to significantly affect the results seen in various studies. In view of this, testosterone treatment is absolutely contraindicated in any case of known or suspected prostate cancer. Despite the lack of evidence linking symptoms of BPH to testosterone treatment, it remains important to monitor for any new or deteriorating problems when commencing patients on testosterone treatment, as the small growth of prostate tissue may adversely affect a certain subset of individuals. Despite growth of the prostate a number of studies have failed to detect any adverse effects on symptoms of urinary obstruction or physiological measurements such as flow rates and residual volumes (Snyder et al 1999; Kenny et al 2000, 2001). A prospective study also failed to demonstrate a correlation between testosterone and the development of BPH (Gann et al 1995). It is particularly important to define the effect of testosterone treatment on cardiovascular disease in view of its potential use as an anti-anginal agent. Some of these have been shown to correlate well with laboratory measures and there is evidence that they more reliably indicate hypogonadism than total testosterone in cases of borderline biochemical hypogonadism (Vermeulen et al 1971; Morris et al 2004). In most clinical situations the available tests are total testosterone and SHBG which are both easily and reliably measured. The amount of bioavailable testosterone can be measured as a percentage of the total testosterone after precipitation of the SHBG bound fraction using ammonium sulphate. GAHT enables the acquisition of secondary sex characteristics aligned with gender identity in transgender individuals but the immunological impacts and risks of immune-mediated and infectious diseases upon sex hormone therapy is unknown. Sex hormones, in contrast to sex chromosomes, offer an opportunity for dynamic regulation of the human immune system in relation to changing needs over the course of life, and even during the course of the menstrual cycle in women of reproductive age. SARS-CoV-2 triggers sex-divergent immune responses and we found cross-regulated IFN-I and TNF responses in pDCs and monocytes, as shown by significantly higher Hallmark TNF responses in male monocytes and reduced IFN-I responses in two cohorts of adults less than 50 years of age (Fig. 5b,c)33,34. To investigate whether observations made in individuals undergoing masculinizing GAHT could also explain divergent immune responses in cisgender individuals, we analysed several sc-mRNA-seq datasets of immune cells from male and female participants (Fig. 5a). Intracellular IFNγ was measured by mass cytometry and we found that pretreatment with DHT, but not loss of ESR signalling (fulvestrant), potentiated IFNγ responses by CD56dim NK cells, but not T cells (Fig. 4g and Extended Data Fig. 5i). Bodybuilders and athletic enthusiasts widely use dangerous and often illegal performance-enhancing drugs to give them a competitive edge and enhance their bodybuilding results. To learn more about our collection, use, and sharing of data, please see our Privacy Policy. If you click 'I Agree', we may also share certain categories of data with select third parties for analytics and advertising, and to improve our services. Some data processing and sharing is required and cannot be disabled. Daily use of PDE5i may be more effective in treating ED treatment combined with testofen, L-citrullines, resveratrol, and caffeine. We will be planning a longer-duration study that includes more institutions. First, this two-institution study with a small sample size was short, lasting only 5 weeks. Despite being a prospective, placebo-controlled study, the present study has some limitations. Additionally, we used the 40-mg dose of caffeine in the supplement drink to prevent insomnia. A blood sample obtained from a healthy female donor was mixed in equal ratio with WB-STIM buffer (Cytodelics AB) without phenol red. Cryopreserved PBMCs obtained from individuals undergoing gender-affirming testosterone treatment were collected at baseline and after 3 months of testosterone treatment. This analysis included investigating immune phenotypes using PAGA75 (see below) and examining the effects of testosterone on immune cell composition using a mixed-effects model with the lme4 package. This involved analyzing.fcs files from 60 samples from 20 series of participants receiving testosterone treatment. In brief, we conducted sex-stratified GWAS for T, SHBG and free T based on immunoassay measurements from the UK Biobank, and constructed sex-specific polygenic scores (PGS) for these traits. Hence it may be confounded by bidirectional causal effects or by the presence of several latent variables. Susceptibility to confounding by pleiotropy (a gene influences multiple traits via independent biological pathways47), overall presents a special issue for genetic studies. Although demographic phenomena such as assortative mating (mate choice based on similar characteristics in spouse) may affect effect estimates for measures such as educational attainment, based on within-sibship GWAS46 biochemical traits such as T levels seem to less affected by such confounders. The IPC classification code takes into consideration the type of impairment, the degree of the impairment, and the psychical activities required for a particular sport, in an algorithmic combination of factors.68 In order to be eligible to compete in the Paralympics, an athlete has to have at least one eligible impairment from the list provided by the IPC, such as impairment in muscle power, range of movement, leg length difference, etc. The counter argument to this is that women with hyperandrogenism should not be able to compete in the female category because females are a protected group. Thus, it makes sense that even a division according to a more ‘accurate’ biological marker would probably preserve a strong male/female dominancy in each group with some ‘outliers’ in the close margins. But even if that goal is achieved, a new biological criterion might lead to a new organization just in part, as these so-called nuanced biological indicators are extracted from and attempt to better distinguish between existing male/female categories. Overall, this is the most comprehensively formulated, highly potent, and effective test booster on the market. Testogen also recently updated its formula with 5 new ingredients, including vitamin K and Magnesium. Testogen fills out the number 1 spot on a number of supplement review sites and for good reason. As a Certified Nutrition Coach, I have the ability to conduct thorough SFP (supplement facts panel) analysis to draw conclusions, and I combine my analysis with personal experience as well. Some studies suggest it can support blood flow and even block acetylcholinesterase, thereby allowing more blood to enter the genitals. Foggy memory, fatigue, listlessness, and low energy levels are often linked to decreased testosterone in men, so you don’t need to be trying for a personal best in the bench press to opt for a testosterone booster. It gives you exactly what you need to sustain high testosterone levels, and nothing more. If you want to burn fat and boost testosterone, CrazyMass Testo-Max Sustanon provides critical fat burners like DHEA and tribulus terrestris, which should enhance your fat oxidation as well as boosting your testosterone levels. AlphaTest is a chiefly herbal blend that focuses on some of the most-proven testosterone boosters. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations We investigated the efficacy of a supplement drink containing testofen, L-citrulline, resveratrol, and caffeine in improving sexual function, especially libido, in men with sexual dysfunction. In the domains of IIEF-1, -2, -7, -9, -10, -13, and -15, the mean scores with our supplement drink increased significantly compared with those at baseline and with the placebo drink (Table 3). The mean IIEF total score of the men taking our supplement drink was significantly greater than the baseline score and that of the men taking the placebo drink (pTable 2). We recruited 20 patients who visited our clinics specializing in sexual function to particpate in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover pilot study. We hypothesized that our supplement drink would be effective for patients with sexual dysfunction and especially libido dysfunction. However, as very few Japanese patients choose these therapies , it is extremely important that sexual function be improved by oral administration of effective agents. Currently, vacuum erection devices, intracavernous injections, and surgical penile prosthesis implantation are appropriate treatments for ED if phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) are not effective. Thus, treatment for ED is very important for improved quality of life. The IIEF domains of desire frequency, erection frequency, erection firmness, erection confidence, intercourse satisfaction, ejaculation frequency, orgasm frequency, and overall satisfaction were significantly improved with our supplement drink. Twenty patients aged 30–7 years old were enrolled in and concluded the study with no adverse events experienced. Some people also use testosterone boosting supplements as pre-workouts, as they give an extra boost and kick to the workouts! Tongkat Ali, Epimedium, Mucuna Pruriens, Maca root, Fenugreek, black pepper, L-Arginine are popular ingredients in such T boosters. For those focused on improving sexual health, ingredients that also enhance blood flow and libido are key. It is expected that with more research data available regarding androstenedione drug supplementation, greater control of the useful dose for human health will become possible. Obviously, many toxic effects occur due to the supplementation of androstenedione among males, females, and children in comparison to its benefits. The data were arcsin h transformed with a cofactor of five using the flowCore package. The antibodies used for this study are listed in Supplementary Tables 1–3. Purified antibodies were obtained in carrier/protein-free buffer and coupled to lanthanide metals using the MaxPar X8 or MCP9 antibody conjugation kits (Standard BioTools Inc.) as per the manufacturer’s recommendations. The autosampler of the CyTOF XT dispensed CAS Plus to the pelleted sample tubes, mixed with EQ beads 0.1×, and then acquired on CyTOF XT mass cytometers at a rate of 300–500 cells s−1 using CyTOF software v.8.0 with noise reduction, event length limits of 10–150 pushes, and a flow rate of 0.030 ml min−1. A total of 2 × 106 cells per tube in pelleted form were then placed in the chilled carousel of the CyTOF XT instrument (Standard BioTools Inc.). The major difference is they opt for a formula that controls estrogen and prolactin levels in guys. Endorsed by the likes of Rocky III star, Dolph Lundgren and American football hall-of-famer Andre Reed, Prime Male is another elite option with no proprietary blends or hidden ingredients. Oyster extract not only contain high levels of zinc but also lots of amino acids, taurine, omega 3 & 6 fish oils, along with zinc’s co-factors copper and manganese. Designed to give the 30-and-beyond male more energy. By understanding how mTOR and nutrition interact with testosterone synthesis, you can take a targeted approach to maximize your hormonal health naturally. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a protein that plays a central role in regulating cell growth, metabolism, and hormone production, including testosterone. By fine-tuning your macronutrient intake and paying attention to sulfur metabolism, you can help optimize testosterone naturally while supporting overall health and performance. Balancing macronutrient intake can play a significant role in supporting testosterone levels, but it requires a nuanced approach. However, others reported no change in testosterone concentrations in men consuming honey and propolis for 21 days . Several studies have reported high anti-aromatase activity in chrysin, a flavonoid present in high concentrations in honey and propolis 48,51,52. Flavonoids are a group of natural substances with variable phenolic structures. Although the efficacy of saw palmetto has been demonstrated in androgen-deficient men, there is limited data on younger, eugonadal men. This natural testosterone booster has been proven to enhance the functioning of various body systems and boost immunity. In addition, it could increase the production of luteinising hormone and help restore hormonal balance in males. One benefit is that it has the potential to enhance testosterone production and greatly enhance sexual health. This profoundly affects muscle mass, bone density, red blood cell production, and mood, which are essential for maintaining overall health. These levels significantly impact our physical and mental health, such as muscle mass, energy levels, libido, and overall vitality. Bioidentical Hormone Therapy That said, only some testosterone-boosting ingredients have scientific data to back them up, so it's important to do your research before purchasing. This can result in several side effects including low libido, decreased fertility, changes in sleep patterns, lack of motivation, reduced muscle mass, and depression. Jiang et al. (2014) showed that transplantation of nestin-positive LSCs into the testis of mice with impaired ALCs caused differentiation into functional ALCs and an increase in testosterone production (73). Other studies have shown great promise in increasing testosterone production at more upstream regulation points. We searched for tried-and-true products with research-backed ingredient panels to provide you with the most effective ingredients. Depending on which test booster you choose, you may be able to effectively improve your libido, though research in this area is lacking. The most common libido-boosting ingredients include ginkgo biloba, zinc, DHEA, and ginseng, among others. Although some men believe they feel younger and more vigorous if they take testosterone medications, there's little evidence to support the use of testosterone in otherwise healthy men. Yet the health benefits of testosterone therapy for age-related decline in testosterone aren't clear. By maintaining the ideal test levels, you can reap several health gains that can impact your overall health. This brand reduces fatigue and PMS symptoms and increases sex drive. If you're planning to use these test boosters for a long time, you must consider buying products that fit your budget. Notable placebo effects have been reported in various therapeutic areas, especially in clinical investigations using patient-reported outcome measures . In a previous randomized placebo-controlled study, the greatest placebo response occurred in participants younger than 45 years old . Maintenance frequency, maintenance ability, intercourse enjoyment, desire level, and relationship satisfaction were all improved significantly after the supplement drink compared with baseline. Combination treatment with resveratrol and PDE5i had a synergistic effect in improving erectile function in rat model of ED . Administration to children and adolescents could lead to hormonal effects similar to those obtained upon the cessation of bone growth in adults, early puberty, and pre-matures ; see Figure 6C. Such results should be pursued further, especially given that androstenedione is typically administered over a long-time span as a supplement for athletes. Results revealed that androstenedione did not reveal any dose-limiting toxicity in either female or male mice and rats. Cross-sectional studies have not shown raised testosterone levels at the time of diagnosis of prostate cancer, and in fact, low testosterone at the time of diagnosis has been linked with more locally aggressive and malignant tumors (Massengill et al 2003; Imamoto et al 2005; Isom-Batz et al 2005). Cross-sectional studies conducted at the time of diagnosis of BPH have failed to show consistent differences in testosterone levels between patients and controls. The mechanism of these benefits is currently unclear, although a study of the acute effects of buccal testosterone given to men with chronic cardiac failure under invasive monitoring showed that testosterone increased cardiac index and reduced systemic vascular resistance (Pugh et al 2003). More recently, two double-blind randomized controlled trials of testosterone treatment for men with low or low-normal serum testosterone levels and heart failure have shown improvements in exercise capacity and symptoms (Pugh et al 2004; Malkin et al 2006). The same meta-analysis found no significant overall change in LDL or HDL cholesterol levels but in trials with baseline testosterone levels greater than 10 nmol/l, there was a small reduction in HDL cholesterol with testosterone treatment. Testosterone is primarily synthesized in Leydig cells, which are stimulated by the luteinizing hormone (also called lutropin) , which is a glycoprotein hormone secreted from the gonadotropic cells in the pituitary gland in response to the gonadotropin-releasing hormone . According to these studies, it has been shown that the maximum safe dose for coenzyme Q10 is 1.2 g per day; however, some short-termed clinical trials have used 3.0 g per day . The efficacy of coenzyme Q10 in treating such diseases has allowed scientists in the field to study its safety via controlled-clinical trials. Moreover, the authors concluded that sexual function is regulated by both androgens and estrogens. As elsewhere, for purposes of comparison in this review, we have recalculated these values in mass, rather than molar, units. Measurement of sex steroids, as well as SHBG, may thus be helpful in decision making in terms of identifying candidates for medical therapy, such as HCG, clomiphene, or AIs. This author points out that approximately half of these men will have low testosterone (60 pg/mL), especially if they are obese. In contrast, Castelló-Porcar and Martínez-Jabaloyas reported no association between the testosterone/estradiol ratio and erectile function or desire in Spanish men over the age of 50 years. Prohormones like Andros also fall in the category of legal Testosterone boosters and their effect is usually faster than Natural testosterone boosters. The legal boosters are usually natural that generally have no known side effects and they are more effective. Adaptogens like Ashwagandha are ideal as they help in reducing stress and improving overall well-being, which can indirectly support healthy testosterone levels. Our reviews are crafted by a team of seasoned fitness professionals and health experts who not only understand the science behind testosterone boosters but also consider real-world effectiveness and safety. It was reported that androstenedione is carcinogenic in male and female mice, with a limited number of available androstenedione carcinogenic data, warranting more studies to provide a broader view of the dosage limit to reduce, or prevent, such toxic effects. Zinc – you get 50mg of it here and it’s one of the most important minerals the body can use to increase T. They are backed by Roar Ambition Ltd which is a UK Limited Company and they also have two other supplements that are focused on slightly different types of user – Hunter Burn and Hunter Focus. Like most of these supplements, the more you buy the better deal you get and for those buying multiple bottles you can expect to get one or two bottles thrown in for free which makes the monthly cost much more affordable. Although we didn’t actually run blood tests to show an increase in testosterone, the anecdotal evidence was pretty overwhelmingly stacked in favour of Testogen. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) can improve muscle mass, strength, and physical function in hypogonadal men . Testosterone is a key regulator of muscle mass; it promotes protein synthesis and muscle hypertrophy by binding to androgen receptors in muscle cells. The surge in sex steroid production during puberty accelerates bone mineral accumulation and plays a role in creating sex-specific differences in bone growth. Unlike most testosterone booster companies, TEK naturals do not involve itself in the gimmick that plagues this industry, and they do not overhype their supplements. However, the condition is not the same any more thanks to numerous best testosterone boosters and supplements available on the Australian market today. One of the things you will appreciate most about the Prime Male testosterone booster is that it does not just boost your testosterone levels; it also boosts your general health and well-being. The high rated testosterone supplement has all natural ingredients that are proven to yield effective results without any possible side effects. Another interesting thing about this testosterone supplement is that it does not have side effects to its users, unlike other highly rated testosterone boosters on the market. One study (9) set out to prove this theory by restricting the intake of zinc in young, healthy men to assess its effect on testosterone. There are many reasons to monitor your stress levels with healthy testosterone balance being one of them. Excessive alcohol consumption can actually lower (3) your testosterone levels. Cancer treatments like radiation therapy and chemotherapy can damage the testes or ovaries, leading to reduced hormone production. Certain medications can lower testosterone levels, including some pain medications, glucocorticoids (steroids), and opioids. TestoFuel can improve your muscle strength, which makes it ideal for bodybuilders. If all you want is the best testosterone booster, TestoFuel can be of interest to you. • Has a higher number of proprietary blend, which may not be convenient for some testosterone supplement users This relatively new mode of administration is great for those that hate pills or have had poor luck taking testosterone supplements in pill or powder form in the past. A. Natural testosterone boosters are administered orally (via pill or powder) and recently there have been several popular products that require transdermal absorption, which means you rub them on your skin. Decrease in libido (sex drive) Lack of energy Decrease in strength and/or endurance Loss of muscle mass/difficulty increasing mass Erectile dysfunction Depression Decrease in athletic performance If you’re an athlete, be sure to check with your sport’s governing body before taking any testosterone product and read the ingredients carefully. A. If used correctly, testosterone supplements are very safe and effective. Reducing these hormones may result in diverse symptoms that can profoundly affect the patient's quality of life . This systematic review explores testosterone's multifaceted functions, investigating its physiological significance, its regulatory mechanisms, and the potential consequences of its dysregulation. This introduction provides an overview of the significant hormonal changes that occur throughout the human lifespan, particularly emphasizing testosterone's essential role in maintaining various physiological functions. Zinc itself turns estrogen into testosterone and Zinc helps produce healthier sperm and higher sperm counts so actually… Low levels of zinc can cause low testosterone levels. So if testosterone is naturally produced by our bodies, there must also be natural ways to increase our testosterone production without running the risks of taking synthetic pills, creams or injections. After athletes stop taking testosterone, the body may take weeks to months to return to normal hormone levels! “Testosterone is crucial for developing male reproductive tissues, muscle mass, bone strength, and body hair,” says Dr. Raj Dasgupta, MD. Testosterone is a powerhouse hormone that influences everything from muscle strength and lean body mass to energy, mood, and libido. The diagnosis of hypogonadism in the aging male requires a combination of symptoms and low serum testosterone levels. It is necessary to monitor hematocrit during testosterone treatment, and hematocrit greater than 50% should prompt either a reduction of dose if testosterone levels are high or high-normal, or cessation of treatment if levels are low-normal. It's ideal for health-conscious individuals, healthcare professionals, and biohackers who want to move beyond generic wellness advice to understand and apply the latest longevity science. This learning plan is essential for anyone seeking to optimize their health trajectory and add quality years to their life through science-backed strategies. Many men over 50 face significant muscle loss, decreased strength, and mobility challenges that can threaten independence and quality of life. This learning plan provides evidence-based strategies for anyone experiencing hormonal challenges, seeking to improve performance, or looking to optimize their health span through balanced endocrine function. Hormone optimization is fundamental to energy, vitality, and overall health yet remains poorly understood by most people. TestRx: Strongest Testosterone Booster for Burning Fat In some cases, individuals might have abnormally high or low levels of testosterone, which can lead to various health issues. Testosterone levels are typically higher in men than in women, but both sexes have some level of testosterone. Measurement of salivary sex steroids, in analogy to cortisol measurement, is relatively new 90, 91, and may be of value in adolescent boys and men but is not informative at low levels and thus may be less useful in studying women. Prime Male allows men to overcome low testosterone levels and help them build the physique they desire. The recommended dosage of TestoFuel is 4 capsules daily, which is on par with other testosterone-boosting supplements on this list. This supplement has everything a beginner bodybuilder needs to build muscle, lose fat, boost self-esteem and confidence, and get stronger. If you’ve looked for a T-booster online or offline, you’ve no doubt come across Nugenix. With that being said, even after all of these dosages were increased, Testogen still provides higher dosages, which is why it still has not been dethroned! D-Aspartic Acid, which is the most crucial ingredient in our opinion, has been increased by 25% to 2,500 MG per serving. Zinc is a critical mineral for the normal action of testosterone because it reduces testosterone conversion into DHT, which increases free testosterone levels. Nettle also releases testosterone from its bound form in sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), making it available for the body to use.(3) It is a naturally-occurring amino acid that participates in the synthesis of luteinizing hormone, which further stimulates testosterone production.(1) D-Aspartic acid is one of the key ingredients in any natural testosterone booster. Maintaining healthy testosterone levels is essential, especially for men who engage in sports and intense physical workouts.One study found that 14% of hypogonadal men, with normal digital rectal examination and PSA levels, had histological prostate cancer on biopsy.If you have a medical condition, including if you are pregnant or nursing, you should speak to your physician before taking a supplement.Avocados provide a high level of healthy fats, vitamin E and B vitamins, which are required to make hormones properly.They are typically known for their effervescent effects.To date, there have been relatively few high quality long-term randomized studies evaluating standardized preparations of (potentially) clinically relevant doses.When you experience stress, your body releases a hormone called cortisol.The supplement ships globally and men all around the world have spoken as to the impact that this t-booster has had on their lives – so it does seem that the positive results we saw are replicated across the globe in men of all walks of life.The best way to quickly raise your testosterone fast is through lifestyle and diet changes. Anti-androgens are an assorted group of drugs and compounds that reduce the levels or activity of androgen hormones within the human body. More effort appears to have been focused on the effects of energy intake and manipulating macronutrient composition, specifically protein and fat composition on changes in circulating levels of testosterone at rest and in response to various exercise stresses. Magnesium deficiency has been demonstrated to increase production of oxygen free radicals, increase oxidative tissue damage, decrease antioxidant enzyme activity, decrease cellular antioxidant levels, and increase oxygen peroxide production 176,177,178. Although zinc has an important role in the regulation of testosterone production, long-term studies in competitive athletes have not been conducted. One study examined the effect of zinc supplementation on both TT and FT concentrations in healthy young adults before and after an exhaustive exercise protocol . We hypothesized that our supplement drink would be effective for men with sexual dysfunction, and especially libido dysfunction. In reference to a pharmaceutical dosage document, growing health consciousness is said to have boosted yearly sales of supplement drinks to more than 170 billion yen (1.58 billion US dollars) in Japan. Lax industry regulation has allowed sales of supplements to thrive in the absence of verification of their purported benefits. This chapter explores the physiology of testosterone production, beginning with its intracellular synthesis and steroidogenic conversion, and then follows testosterone’s transport across the cell membrane and into circulation. Androgens play an essential role in the development of male reproductive organs, the maintenance of male fertility, and the preservation of secondary male sexual characteristics. While there are many lifestyle changes that can have quite an impact on your test levels, there are also a number of testosterone-boosting supplements that can also help raise your levels. One unique ingredient found in this supplement that's not found in all test boosters is DIM (Diindolylmethane), an aromatase inhibitor that can prevent the conversion of testosterone into estrogen. We liked that this supplement includes only a few ingredients to pinpoint testosterone production for enhanced training rather than a shotgun approach. Immune system adaptation during gender-affirming testosterone treatment Our preliminary study was provided on dose-determination, which provided us the daily effective dose of 500 mg/day.However, some are also good for curing ED, improving sexual arousal, and increasing T levels.At the beginning of the study, all subjects were instructed to utilize the Borg CR-10 scale to assess their perceived muscle discomfort throughout the study.One unique ingredient in this supplement that isn't typically found in all test boosters is DIM (Diindolylmethane), an aromatase inhibitor that can prevent the conversion of testosterone into estrogen.To enhance understanding of the data, we present a table summarizing all collected information regarding comparing various aspects related to the ones mentioned before.Men over 30, men who have sedentary lifestyles, and men experiencing signs of low testosterone, like fatigue, brain fog, low energy levels, and low libido can all benefit from taking a natural testosterone booster.There’s not a lot of evidence for it playing a role in directly boosting testosterone levels, but it certainly seems promising with regard to sexual health as a whole. The specific physiological effects of vitamin D and its specific mechanisms are beyond the scope of this paper, but readers are encouraged to explore this elsewhere 115,116. Vitamin D3 is the most bioavailable and most supplemented form of Vitamin D and is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight. Vitamin D has garnered considerable attention in the general and competitive athletic populations, primarily due to its role on various physiological systems in the body, and the effect that vitamin D deficiency has on many diseases 113,114. The natural production is also beneficial since the body will produce good testosterone to the maximum of its ability. Additionally, this is one of the best testosterone boosters that speed up recovery and reduce stress to ensure you are healthy. With all testosterone booster supplements on the market, this testosterone supplements review will help you find the best test booster for your needs. Product information Studies have also found that supplementing with ashwagandha can increase testosterone levels. Fenugreek is an herb that has been the subject of recent studies for its potential to increase testosterone levels. In addition to lifestyle and dietary changes, there are several supplements that are clinically proven to help improve testosterone levels. We all know that exercise is important for your overall health, but it can also increase your testosterone levels. Free testosterone and total testosterone were measured at baseline and at the end of 12 weeks of treatment (Table 4).Total T makes up about 98 percent of your overall testosterone levels.We encourage you to discuss any decisions about treatment or care with your health care provider.Reflecting the high heritability, T measurements from two different time points were highly correlated in both sexes (Supplementary Fig. 3).Oysters are often thought of as a food that can boost romance, but they really shine because they are rich in zinc, which is important for making testosterone.If you feel like your testosterone might be low, it's best to get your levels checked by your doctor so they can advise you on the best options.Testo-Max lives up to its manufacturer's name and gives users crazy bulk, allowing them to pack on pounds of pure muscle. Similarly, rather than the reproductive toxicity studies, the studies conducted on animals did not show any positive influence of coenzyme Q10 on testosterone. To accomplish this purpose, the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched using the keywords “coenzyme Q10” versus “testosterone” for English language papers from November 1978 through October 2018. The present work systematically reviews and summarizes the influence of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on testosterone. Since 1978, there have been more than 30 studies that have connected coenzyme Q10 and testosterone. This period of time is generally called post-cycle therapy (PCT) and is a time for the body to rebalance and produce testosterone on its own. Testosterone plays a central role in the growth of muscles, sexual performance, mood, and energy particularly among men. Research shows that meals high in monounsaturated fats, such as those in olive oil, can help improve hormone levels. Pomegranate is not just a delicious fruit but also a powerful ally for hormone health. Magnesium is important for muscle activity and hormone control. Tuna is a nutrient-rich seafood that supports hormone health. In early adulthood, a man’s testosterone level reaches its peak. Testosterone is an essential hormone for both men and women. Anabolic Health follows strict standards of editorial integrity to help you make health choices with confidence. We always advocate the natural route first and we are not going to change our approach here. Most foods are fine when eaten as part of balanced diet however there are some that can have a negative impact when it comes to testosterone. The hypothalamus, located in the brain, initiates the hormonal cascade by secreting gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which acts on the pituitary gland, stimulating the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) . Testosterone production is governed by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, a key endocrine system component involving dynamic interactions between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads. Its synthesis and regulation are highly complex processes that involve intricate interactions between multiple endocrine glands, including the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads, as well as feedback mechanisms that maintain homeostasis within the body . At $2.30 per serving, Testosil is slightly more expensive than other supplements on our list. “I appreciate that Testosil links a 2015 study to back their claims that 300 milligrams of ashwagandha can support testosterone,” says Chelsea Rae Bourgeois, RDN. If you’re interested in a testosterone booster that includes ashwagandha, Testosil is an option worth considering. While we appreciate the simplicity of this formula, some athletes may prefer a more robust supplement with additional clinically-backed ingredients. Currently available testosterone preparations in common use include intramuscular injections, subcutaneous pellets, buccal tablets, transdermal gels and patches (see Table 2). The advantages and disadvantages of available testosterone preparations with advantages and disadvantages of each There are now a number of testosterone preparations which can meet these recommendations and the main factor in deciding between them is patient choice. It is therefore important that the androgen used to treat hypogonadism is amenable to the action of these metabolizing enzymes and can also mediate the non-androgen receptor actions of testosterone. Increasing your bone mineral density can help reduce the risk of fractures or osteoporosis, especially after the age of 35, when bone density may naturally decline.(13) It will occasionally be used by female athletes—with doctor or coach guidance—depending on current regulations. Black pepper extract is also used to help enhance the bioavailability of the ingredients. Liver microsomes were incubated with testosterone, leading to the production of 6-hydroxytestosterone, 15-hydroxytestosterone, 7- hydroxytestosterone, 16- hydroxytestosterone, and 2-hydroxytestosterone at high levels compared to controls. Kwon and his colleagues examined the association between bone age (BA) and chronological age (CA) ratio (BA/CA) and androstenedione and testosterone levels. After the administration of androstenedione (100 mg), serum levels of estrone were increased by up to 115% over 12 h in comparison to the control, versus a 450% increase in testosterone level over 12 h at the same dosage relative to the control . Moreover, testosterone enhances endothelial function by promoting nitric oxide production, supporting the growth and repair of endothelial cells, and reducing inflammation. In terms of mental health, testosterone may alleviate depressive symptoms in certain individuals. Publications that utilized descriptive, observational, or experimental designs involving human subjects and assessed the effects of testosterone were included based on the established criteria (Figure 1). Additionally, this great test booster comes at a fair price to ensure that you get your supplement without straining your account. Apart from boosting your testosterone, it also helps you grow stronger muscles and provides strength. This high quality testosterone booster is made to ensure that it delivers best results within a short time period. With this amazing testosterone booster, you are sure that the issues of Low Testosterone will not be your portion. Testosterone levels peak in the earlier phases of life as a teen and young adult (6). Testosterone levels in men can vary widely, though they generally decline in men after the age of 35 says McDevitt. But if you’re 50 and doing triathlons, you’ll need higher levels.” Younger patients who have a sedentary lifestyle, who aren’t athletic and out running marathons; they don’t need a high level of testosterone. When you’re examining the nutrition label, look for a dosage size of about 25 milligrams per serving as that seems to be the sweet spot when it comes to Zinc’s ability to increase testosterone levels. It contains saponins that are believed to potentially increase levels of sex hormones in men including Testosterone, Androgen, and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). D-Aspartic Acid has been clinically tested and was shown to stimulate the release of luteinizing and growth hormones in the brain, which then can directly trigger increased testosterone production. The best testosterone booster supplements do an excellent job of testosterone enhancement, whereas some of the inferior ones are often pretty useless. They ship worldwide and have offices based in the UK as well as the US and it has one of the best ingredient profiles of all the supplements we tested. They are completely transparent on what goes in to their blend and although it’s not the cheapest of the supplements available, they do offer a lifetime money back guarantee and it is the one we saw the biggest benefits from in the shortest amount of time. TestoPrime is without a doubt one of our favourites of all the supplements we tested, it is vegan friendly and free from soy. Either way, these products are full of natural ingredients that are going to give your system a boost and will leave you feeling more full of energy and with a greater chance of recovery… By the time men reach the age of 30, the rate of testosterone production has already started to decline at an average of around 1% per year and as such many men look for ways to reverse this decline. Most almond milk brands, that you can find in the health food section of your supermarket, are fortified with vitamin D. This smoothie not only tastes great but also contains testosterone-boosting foods. Your body won’t be able to store the mineral, so you need to consume enough zinc daily. I was able to show improved performance when working out and made significant improvements to my physical appearance – with only minor tweaks to my diet while taking the supplement over a 3 month period.• Has a higher number of proprietary blend, which may not be convenient for some testosterone supplement usersHowever, you pay much more than you do with other best testosterone boosters, which does not make much sense.In the human body, the majority of T is bound to a carrier molecule, whereas only a small fraction (1–3%) of this total T exists as free T13,14,15,16.Serum estrogen was also found to correlate better than testosterone with peak bone mass (Khosla et al 2001) but this is in contradiction of a more recent study showing a negative correlation of estrogen with peak bone size (Lorentzon et al 2005).Significant androgenic activity in men is achieved with Testofen supplementation through its increase of testosterone and free testosterone levels .The systematic review included 10 studies (Table 1), all of which positively impacted various health outcomes, including sexual function, bone health, muscle strength, depression, and vascular endothelial function.It helps you produce more ‘good’ rather than ‘bad’ estrogens, which in turn allows the body to maintain healthier levels of testosterone. Treatment of prostate cancer with androgen deprivation is known to be successful and is widely practiced, indicating an important role for testosterone in modifying the behavior of prostate cancer. Autopsy studies have found histological prostate cancer to be very common, with one series showing a prevalence of greater than fifty percent in men over age sixty (Holund 1980). Testosterone also requires conversion to dihydrotestosterone in the prostate gland for full activity. Furthermore men given a testosterone injection prior to exercise testing showed improved performance, as assessed by ST changes compared to placebo (Rosano et al 1999; Webb, Adamson et al 1999). A related issue is the potential use of testosterone as a coronary vasodilator and anti-anginal agent. Unlike illegal testosterone boosters they are not banned by the sports bodies. Natural testosterone boosters also signal the testes directly to produce more testosterone. Prohormones are chemicals that convert to hormones such as testosterone or testosterone-like equivalents in the body. Nevertheless, it is a long term treatment plan that requires doctor supervision to regulate the body’s delicate hormone balance and can only be obtained with a prescription. Your hormone level will thrive on a glass of fresh pomegranate juice per day. Pomegranate is the natural remedy that has a long history as a herbal aphrodisiac. Spinach provides hormone-friendly nutrition whether in smoothies or cooked dishes. Magnesium reduces oxidative stress and assists the recovery of muscles. Which is best for you will depend on your goals, but for anyone looking to reap the usual benefits of increased testosterone then Testo-Max is a top choice.Whether such a hormonal increase can also be observed in fetuses should be monitored for conclusive effects.Genetic, i.e. inherited, differences in testosterone levels contribute to many traits specific to men or women, such as women’s reproductive health, hormonal cancers, and hair growth typical in males.Human studies are still in their early stages, but the preliminary results are promising.The study design, recruitment and methods were performed in compliance and accordance with the ICH guidelines for Good Clinical Practices (GCP), including the archiving of essential documents, and per international ethical standards guaranteed by the Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments.These results offer further insights to testosterone-mediated attenuation of IFN-I responses in pDCs.They might benefit from ingredients like Tribulus Terrestris, which is believed to enhance androgenic activity. No significant changes were observed in cholesterol, triglycerides, serum HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C levels following supplementation of FS over a period of 4-, 8- or 12-weeks of treatment (Table 9). Free testosterone and total testosterone were measured at baseline and at the end of 12 weeks of treatment (Table 4). Another independent study by Arshadi et al. (2015) evaluated the efficacy of fenugreek seed (0, 0.8 or 1.6 g/kg body weight) extract in combination with swimming exercise compared to glibenclamide in type 2 diabetic male rats 16,17. Appropriate studies on the relationship of age to the effects of testosterone have not been performed in the geriatric population. Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of testosterone in the pediatric population. The effect of aromatase is reflected in the “threshold estradiol hypothesis for skeletal sufficiency in the male which suggests that a threshold level of bioavailable E is needed for skeletal E sufficiency in the male, and as men fall below this level, the risk of osteoporosis and bone loss increases .” This suggests a role for estradiol, and its measurement, beyond total and free testosterone. Indeed, some practitioners promote the use of testosterone with a focus on minimizing the possible effect of age on muscle mass and strength, sexual performance, etc. We believe that many current studies exploring modulation of testosterone in men’s health ignore the key role of estradiol and overlook the relationship between the major sex steroids. The best place to buy natural testosterone supplements is on the brand's dedicated website. Their customer satisfaction levels are 98% positive and 74% state they would recommend it to a friend. I was able to show improved performance when working out and made significant improvements to my physical appearance – with only minor tweaks to my diet while taking the supplement over a 3 month period. I personally saw anecdotal improvements with much improved energy levels and a real sense of feeling less stressed. This is a supplement that I have been aware of personally for over 12 months and is a product that I have tested professionally for the last 3 months. They are high in vitamin D, which is connected to increased testosterone levels. Estrogen levels that are too high or are out of balance with testosterone levels can cause gynecomastia. Testosterone controls traits such as muscle mass and body hair. The hormones testosterone and estrogen control sex traits.