The plant powder showed potential activity in a human clinical trial for treatment of erectile dysfunction in males . Butea superba Roxb (Leguminosae) is commonly found in Thai deciduous forests and has the domestic name of “Red Kwao Krua.” The plant tubers have long been consumed as a traditional medicine for the promotion of male sexual vigor. A variety of plants have been used as sex stimulants or sexual performance enhancer in traditional systems of medicine of various countries 4–6. Moreover, there is a dearth of systematic review of scientific literature on experimental evidence generated for medicinal plants useful in treating erectile dysfunction and there is a need for in depth pharmacological evaluation . Ginseng is a perennial herbaceous plant of the family Araliaceae.African traditional medicine in its varied forms is holistic involving both the body and the mind.In 2010, in the United States, approximately 29% of 428 infertile couples had utilized an alternative treatment after 18 months of observation, 59% of which had taken herbal therapy .Today, Pausinystalia yohimbe is commonly used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in men.These plants in the tables we are discussing have been in use for centuries in treating or managing conditions in male reproductive organs.Procumbens tend to show dose-dependent anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects equivalent to phenylbutazone; they are apparently inactivated by gastric acids.Elephantina root extracts by oral route in male and female Wistar rats.Elephantina have been reported to have constipating effects while seeds are strongly irritant and have been suspected of causing human death when used as herbal medicine . A total of 137 records were included in the final review; species-by-species search results are detailed in a flow diagram in Figure 1. Of 5255 potentially relevant reports, 4758 were excluded because they did not describe psychiatric or neurological adverse effects or because they were not written in English, French, or Italian language. Libido-enhancing substances alter the concentrations of specific neurotransmitters (e.g., dopaminergic and serotoninergic pathways) or sex hormones (e.g., pituitary hormones and testosterone) in the central nervous system (CNS) . Potency-enhancing substances typically induce vasodilation, often through the nitric oxide (NO) pathway, inducing hypotension and potentially harmful cardiovascular effects (e.g., sildenafil and L-arginine). Yohimbine in the treatment of erectile disorder. Erectile dysfunction management options in Nigeria. Zongo, F, Ribout, C, Boumendjel, A, Guissou, I. Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Waltheria indica L. A review of its ethnomedicinal uses, toxicology, phytochemistry, possible propagation techniques and pharmacology. Effect of Securidaca longepedunculata root-bark methanol extract on testicular morphometry of New Zealand rabbits. The testosterone- or dihydrotestosterone-receptor complex next crosses the nuclear membrane, binds to DNA, and stimulates new mRNA synthesis and, thereby, new protein synthesis. Recent studies suggest that NO is a major physiological stimulus for relaxation of penile vasculature and trabecular smooth muscle, essential for penile erection . It has been long suspected that monoamines play a crucial role in the regulation of sexual behaviour, particularly that of dopaminergic transmission which is facilitatory to masculine activity and both dopaminergic and adrenergic receptors are involved. The nuts have also been used to treat vaginal dryness and has been found to be effective in keeping the female organ clean and fresh-smelling. Studies have shown that chewing the sweet and chewy Goron Tula nuts helps to effectively boost sexual appetite. The name “Goron Tula” literally means “Kola of Tula”, indicating one of the places the plant is found – the Tula village in Kaltungo Local Government Area of Gombe State. Also known as silky kola, Goron Tula has been used for centuries in the treatment of low libido and general infertility. The medicinal plants used in male-related conditions will be very significant in the present and future generations. The men with sexual impotence and erectile dysfunction deserve proper diagnosis of the conditions and treatment. Some studies carried in and outside Uganda show that some of these plants listed in the management of sexual impotence and ED may be potent. The dispensing of herbal medicines used in sexual impotence and ED using local beers, fermented milk and porridge possibly the alcoholic content improves on the kind of active chemicals extracted than water alone12. Rukararwe is a non-governmental organisation that is processing herbs, running a famous herbal clinic and with a medicinal plants arboretum and medicinal plants agro-forestry. One of the most studied plants in this context is Allium cepa (A. cepa) which is locally used in culinary recipes. We, therefore, performed further searches and retrieved other 9 species (along with Zingiber officinale) cited in the EAC that have been explored for their phytochemical profiles as well as aphrodisiac, procopulatory, and fertility effects (Table 3). Joseph et al. found that aqueous extract of Cola acuminata (fruits) and Zingiber officinale (rhizome) had no significant effect on mounting frequency and testosterone levels in rats. The alkaloids’ content is variable and depends on plant age, season, and geographical location . New preparations such as capsules, resins, or tinctures are now available on the Internet and are purchased in Europe and in America for recreational use or as herbal products 209,210. Mitragyna leaves are traditionally chewed, smoked, or boiled with hot water and served as a tea . In these countries, the plant has been exploited for centuries for its stimulant and narcotic properties and is commonly self-administrated by manual laborers to combat fatigue and improve productivity . It is not surprising that Kenya ranked the highest, as it is known to have diversified flora with over 7,000 plant species 23, 40. The highest number of plants cited was from Kenya (96), followed by Uganda (66), Tanzania (24), Rwanda (1), and DRC (1). These perceptions are similar to traditional medicine concepts in other parts of Africa . In this context, traditional medicine practitioners correlate sicknesses and other medical conditions with their possible causes . 🚚 Nationwide Delivery in South Africa Best antimicrobial results were demonstrated by dichlomethane/methanol extracts against Escherichia coli with MIC value of 130 μg/mL, Brevibacillus agri (MIC value of 250 μg/mL), Propionibacterium acnes (MIC value of 250 μg/mL) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC value of 250 μg/mL . The leaf, root and rhizome extracts of E. Mukanganyama et al. evaluated antibacterial activities of ethanol root extracts of E. The results showed that LHE significantly reduced the prostatic weight, prostatic index, prostatic levels of testosterone and DHT, and the histopathological alterations (including the epithelial thickness, stromal proliferation, and lumen area) induced by testosterone. Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels in prostate were measured. Prostates were excised, weighed, and used for macroscopic and histological studies. BPH was induced in experimental groups by daily subcutaneous injections of testosterone propionate (TP) for four weeks. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the lipidosterolic hexane extract (LHE) from K. Yet, in traditional medicine, there are several medicinal plants that have been relied on for use in the treatment of ED. Thirty-three medicinal plants used in the management of sexual impotence and erectile dysfunction were documented and Citropsis articulata and Cola acuminata were among the highly utilized medicinal plants. The aim of this paper is therefore to present a review of aphrodisiac medicinal plants used for the treatment of sexual dysfunction in order to identity existing gaps regarding the indigenous knowledge, ethnopharmacology, and toxicology of the implicated plants in the region. Africa is blessed with numerous medicinal plants used in the treatment and management of several diseases including erectile dysfunction. Elephantina as a plant species of high importance with its roots having potential in the formulation of commercial herbal medicines as antioxidant, skin ailments, diarrhoea, perforated ulcers, prostrate hypertrophy, and male pattern baldness in South Africa. Medicinal plants are an integral part of the African healthcare system since time immemorial. Kayser et al. have investigated into extracts and isolated constituents of P. sidoides for their effects on nonspecific immune functions in various bioassays. P. sidoides root extract EPs 7630, also known as Umckaloabo, is a herbal remedy thought to be effective in the treatment of acute respiratory infections. Proapoptotic effects were recorded for mangiferin and hesperidin, which are major polyphenols in all commercially used honeybush plants. African Traditional Medicine Reproductive Health care is the second most prevalent health care problem on African continent4. Pamplona-Roger27 defines impotence as the inability to finish sexual intercourse due to lack of penile erection. The word “impotence” may also be used to describe other problems that interfere with sexual intercourse and reproduction, such as lack of sexual desire and problems with ejaculation or orgasm23. The corpus cavernosal tissues obtained from New Zealand white rabbits following treatment with T. It also found to increase the levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone , dehydroepiandrosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate 98, 99. Pruriens treatment to infertile men regulates steroidogenesis and improves semen quality 91, 92. The effect on reproductive physiology may be observed at 0.10 g extract/kg of Maca extract that represents 15.4 g of dry hypocotyls for an individual of 70 kg . These mild effects were not anticipated, considering the mechanism of action of these plants. As expected, all the plants involved are libido-enhancing aphrodisiacs altering neurotransmission, although ginseng (P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius) and yohimbe (P. johimbe), and kanna (S. tortuosum) also enhance sexual potency. Although the plant contains a variety of indole alkaloids related to ibogaine, a well-known psychoactive substance from iboga (Tabernanthe iboga Baill.) that has also been used as an aphrodisiac , there is no evidence of positive effects on sexual function. Recently, the plant also proved to induce anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in preclinical studies 283,284. For example, damiana (Turnera diffusa Willd. Ex. Schult.), a Central American shrub of the family Passifloraceae, has been traditionally used for centuries as a stimulant and aphrodisiac, to spark male sexual drive and increase performance, and is still widely marketed . In fact, ginseng toxicity mainly comes from drug interactions with cytochromes P450 (CYPs) CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitors and serotoninergic drugs, intensifying sedative effects or inducing cognitive disorders or a serotonin syndrome 229,230,231. More interestingly, several cases of manic-like effects, such as confusion, agitation, irritation, nervousness, anxiety, and bizarre behavior, without history of psychiatric disorder, were reported following ginseng use 77,78,81,85,87,88,90,228. Psychiatric and neurological side effects are rare, and causality is difficult to ascertain 77,79,80,82,83,84,85,86,87,89,90,91,92,93,94. Furthermore, research in natural products is on the increase in both developed and developing nations to show that there is renewed interest in medicines of natural origin. In the event of increased biotechnology and the use of modified living organisms in agriculture, health and environment, most people will go for natural products18,26. Yet, there is increasing trend in usage of traditional medicine in developed countries30. Advanced research through ATR, LC-ESI-MS, FTIR, GC-MS, and NMR spectroscopy enabled researchers to have a better understanding of the correlations between molecular conformation and biological activities of the natural compounds of E. (bark), Ranunculus multifidus (whole plant), Sarcophyte sanguinea ssp. (whole plant) as remedy for shingles. Elephantorrhiza elephantina root decoction is taken orally as emetics for fever in Mozambique and South Africa . How do these remedies compare to prescription medications? Kamatenesi-Mugisha, M. The socio-cultural aspects in utilization of medicinal plants in reproductive health care in western Uganda. Protodioscin from herbal plant Tribulus terrestris L improves the male sexual functions, probably via DHEA. Botanical medicine and natural products used for erectile dysfunction. Traditional herbal remedies used in the management of sexual impotence and erectile dysfunction in western Uganda. While previous reports have indeed corroborated the ability of this plant to abate erectile dysfunction, there is still a dearth of information regarding the mechanistic aspect of these plants. Bulbine Natalensis‚ a succulent plant native to South Africa‚ has a long history of traditional use as an aphrodisiac․ It's known for its potent testosterone-boosting properties‚ particularly in animal studies․ One study found that Bulbine Natalensis significantly increased testosterone levels in rats‚ leading to a surge of up to 347%․ This impressive result has made Bulbine Natalensis a popular choice for natural testosterone enhancement․ Beyond its potential testosterone-boosting effects‚ Fadogia Agrestis is also believed to enhance libido and improve erectile function․ These properties make it a popular choice for men seeking to address sexual health concerns․ However‚ it's important to note that Fadogia Agrestis is not a substitute for medical treatment and should be used with caution․ It's always advisable to consult a healthcare professional before incorporating this herb into your regimen․ Africa boasts a rich tapestry of traditional medicine‚ and within this vibrant heritage lie numerous herbs believed to enhance testosterone levels in men․ These herbs have been used for centuries by indigenous communities to support vitality‚ sexual health‚ and overall well-being․ Because of these effects, the authors have aimed at establishing whether or not P. sidoides could affect the asthma attack frequency after upper respiratory tract viral infection. In one research, P. sidoides was documented to represent an effective treatment against common cold. P. sidoides extract modulates the production of secretory immunoglobulin A in saliva, both interleukin-15 and interleukin-6 in serum, and interleukin-15 in the nasal mucosa 19, 126. These studies showed that P. sidoides may be effective in alleviating symptoms of acute rhinosinusitis and the common cold in adults, but doubt exists. Surgical techniques like implants and fillers began to gain attention in the 2000’s. Ancient Egyptian papyri and traditional Chinese medical texts both mention herbal-based ointments being applied to the phallus to increase virility and penis size. Tiger nuts are another Nigerian plant used in boosting sexual libido. The aphrodisiac effects of “Dankamaru” has been known for generations, even before scientific studies confirmed this. Tea is a natural source of caffeine, which has been shown to improve endurance, increase sexual desire and boost performance. While not strictly an African herb‚ Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)‚ also known as Indian ginseng‚ has roots in Ayurvedic medicine and is often included in discussions about natural testosterone boosters․ Its popularity stems from its adaptogenic properties‚ which means it helps the body cope with stress․ Stress can negatively impact testosterone levels‚ and Ashwagandha is believed to mitigate this effect․ Testosterone‚ the primary male sex hormone‚ plays a crucial role in a man's physical and mental well-being․ It influences everything from muscle mass and bone density to sex drive and energy levels․ As men age‚ their testosterone levels naturally decline‚ which can lead to a range of symptoms like fatigue‚ low libido‚ and decreased muscle mass․ Some of the most well-known African herbs for testosterone include Fadogia Agrestis‚ Bulbine Natalensis‚ and Yohimbe․ These herbs are often incorporated into traditional remedies and are now gaining popularity as natural supplements for men seeking to boost their testosterone levels․ Talk with your healthcare professional before you try a supplement for erectile dysfunction. While research specifically on sexual performance enhancement is limited, the herb’s mechanisms of action show promise for supporting male sexual health. Potential Size Enhancement It is a traditional Zulu medicine for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and for enhancing sexual performance by increasing blood flow to the penis and promoting stronger, longer lasting erections. Fadogia Agrestis‚ a plant native to West Africa‚ has a long history of use in traditional medicine as an aphrodisiac․ Its reputation as a potent sexual enhancer has earned it the nickname "African Viagra․" While scientific research on Fadogia Agrestis is still in its early stages‚ preliminary studies suggest that this herb may hold promise for boosting testosterone levels and improving sexual function․ While testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is a medical option for addressing low testosterone‚ many men are seeking natural alternatives․ This is where the fascinating world of African herbs comes into play․ For centuries‚ traditional African healers have utilized a diverse array of herbs to enhance male vitality and sexual health; These herbs‚ often incorporated into potent concoctions‚ have been passed down through generations‚ their efficacy rooted in centuries of empirical observation and cultural knowledge․ Traditional African recipes for ED often include natural ingredients like herbs and plants known for their potential to enhance male sexual health. The utilisation of ethnobotanical indigenous knowledge is vital in male sexual reproductive health care delivery in western Uganda. Effect of aqueous extract of Massularia acuminate stem on sexual behaviour of male wistar rats. Update on the safety of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Zhang, X, Yang, B, Li, N, Li, H. Prevalence and risk factors for erectile dysfunction in Chinese adult males. Street, RA, Stirk, WA, Van Staden, J. South African traditional medicinal plant trade— challenges in regulating quality, safety and efficacy. The aim of this paper was to systematically synthesize literature on the ethnobotany, phytochemistry, bioactivities, and safety of plants used as remedies for managing sexual dysfunction and infertility, and improving fertility and virility in the EAC. Plant species were selected based on their traditional use in different aspects of male reproductive healthcare. From the researchers point of view, the usage of herbal remedies in managing sexual impotence and erectile dysfunction is useful because of long history of utilisation of some herbs that are perceived as effective. Aizenberg, D, Zemishlany, Z, Dorfman-Etrog, P, Weizman, A. Sexual dysfunction in male schizophrenic patients.However, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new treatment.Fadogia Agrestis‚ a plant native to West Africa‚ has a long history of use in traditional medicine as an aphrodisiac․ Its reputation as a potent sexual enhancer has earned it the nickname "African Viagra․" While scientific research on Fadogia Agrestis is still in its early stages‚ preliminary studies suggest that this herb may hold promise for boosting testosterone levels and improving sexual function․This study was carried out mainly to document medicinal plants used in the treatment of sexual impotence and erectile dysfunction disorders in western Uganda.It is very advised that this plant is handled with care as the mature bean pods contain spikes that can be extremely irritating to the skin.This extract contains phytosterols (including β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol), aliphatic alcohols and a mixture of fatty acids including linoleic, oleic, palmitic and lauric acids, to which the pharmacological action is attributed, mainly due to the inhibition of 5α-reductase.This limitation is particularly relevant considering the prevalence of traditional Ayurvedic, Unani, and Chinese medicines in East Asia and diasporas .Testosterone and DHT have a fundamental role in the growth of male reproductive organs.However, few data are available on the side effects of several plants included in this review, and more clinical studies with controlled administrations should be conducted to address this issue. Reviews Recognizing the global impact of ED enables men to seek help and promotes discussions around traditional and modern treatments. In various cultures, erectile dysfunction is viewed through different lenses. In many cultures, discussing sexual health issues is taboo, leaving many men untreated and unaware of available solutions. By exploring what causes erectile dysfunction and how these age-old recipes make a difference, we aim to provide insights into this growing trend. There were no reports on the side effects of damania (T. diffusa), the Mexican poppy (A. mexicana), and Tongkat Ali (E. longifolia).A total of 32 ginsenosides, including the abovementioned compounds, are found in in both American and Asian ginseng, but the two plants also possess specific ginsenosides.For indigenous communities in developing countries, the use of natural products for prevention and the management of reproductive diseases and conditions are common.It is not surprising that Kenya ranked the highest, as it is known to have diversified flora with over 7,000 plant species 23, 40.Regarding the assessment of the risk of bias among studies, most reports were judged as having a low (47.8%) or moderate risk of bias (34.8%) (Supplementary file 2).Therefore, phytomedicines are considered as a valid alternative to use, because of reduced side effects.The use of medicinal plants as a fundamental component of the African traditional healthcare system is perhaps the oldest and the most assorted of all therapeutic systems.Oral treatment with ethyl acetate fraction of the hydroalcoholic extract of Black Maca for 7 days had the most beneficial effect on epididymal sperm count and daily sperm count compared with other fractions . Terrestris to male lambs and rams improves plasma testosterone and spermatogenesis . Pruriens seed produced a significant and sustained increase in the sexual activity of normal male rats at a particular dose (200 mg/kg). Pruriens seed powder improved significantly various sexual parameters copulatory behavior including mount frequency, mount latency, intromission frequency, and intromission latency of the male albino rats . Pruriens stimulated sexual function in normal male rats which was observed by increase in mounting frequency, intromission frequency, and ejaculation latency . Oral treatment with ethyl acetate fraction of the hydroalcoholic extract of Black Maca for 7 days had the most beneficial effect on epididymal sperm count and daily sperm count compared with other fractions . What are the risks of using herbal remedies? Indeed, Africa is blessed with enormous biodiversity resources and it is estimated to contain between 40 and 45,000 species of plant with a potential for development and out of which 5,000 species are used medicinally.Through an extensive review conducted in multidisciplinary electronic databases, 171 plant species were identified to have been reported for the management of sexual inappetence (i.e., used as aphrodisiacs, 39.4%), ED (35.9%), infertility (18.7%), and increasing fertility (6.0%).Medicinal plants still play an important role in healthcare system in African countries.It is commonly used in traditional medicine as a bitter tonic, galactogogue, and emetic.It is one of the few indigenous South African plants that made the transition from the wild to a commercial product during the past 100 years.If you have existing medical conditions or take prescription medications, consult a healthcare professional before using this product. Across the globe, in India and the Middle East, medieval texts mention oils and herbal mixtures that were believed to stimulate growth. Additionally, he suggested that washing the penis multiple times daily with warm sheep’s milk or a mixture of hot water and oil could yield similar enlargement effects. Many cultures used herbal concoctions in an attempt to enhance penis size. Such practices were risky but reflected the cultural importance of male virility. Another method mentioned involves massaging the penis with substances like the plant Physalis flexuosa and boiled oil. Other herbal aphrodisiacs that were not included in this literature review are commonly used, but data on their safety profile are also limited . There is also little information on the side effects of the Mexican poppy (Argemone mexicana L.) and Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.). However, no psychiatric or neurological side effects related to damania were reported. Excellent tolerability is generally reported after using ashwagandha for weeks at therapeutic doses, with statistically insignificant adverse effects compared to placebo 281,282. Data showed that the maximal effect was reached 6 h after administration of a low dose of muirapuama extract and produces significant and long-lasting (up 12 h) effects in both chemical and thermal tests of nociception in mice. The antinociceptive effects of the plant were investigated in thermal and chemical models of nociception in mice. Roots are usually prepared in alcoholic infusion, but other formulations have also been employed (e.g., mixture of extracts, solutions, pills) . Elephantina as herbal medicine in southern Africa to treat numerous human and animal diseases and ailments, the species is known to be harmful when used at an excessive dosage 3, 4, 48. Elephantina is widely used as traditional remedy for fever in Mozambique , South Africa , and Zimbabwe , the species did not display promising in vitro antiplasmodial activity, to support its traditional usage in the management and treatment of fever. The phytochemical studies of the rhizome extracts of E. Elephantina is used to wipe the anus of children with bloody diarrhoea, to clean the womb after abortion, as remedy for early menstruating children, earache, erectile dysfunction, and sexually transmitted infections 21, 40, 41. Unfortunately, no comprehensive review on this important plant species in southern Africa has been published, documenting the species' biology, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties. Africana fruits, on prostate size and DHT and testosterone levels in prostate tissue in a testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia rat model. Africana could potentially be considered as a typical phytotherapic product, the activity of which is due to the synergistic interaction of numerous constituents of the extract. These effects appear to be due to a partial antiandrogenic activity of LHE. Testosterone and DHT have a fundamental role in the growth of male reproductive organs. African traditional medicine is the oldest, and perhaps the most assorted, of all therapeutic systems. Secondary metabolites from plant's origins might increase the stability of the active compound(s) or phytochemicals, minimize the rate of undesired adverse side effects, and have an additive, potentiating, or antagonistic effect. This is why the WHO encourages African member states to promote and integrate traditional medical practices in their health system . Some products have the real medicine in them, and the medicine should be given by prescription only. Such ingredients can cause dangerous side effects. Some of these products contain various amounts of ingredients like those in prescription medicines. Many products that are sold without a prescription claim to be herbal forms of Viagra. Elephantina is taken orally as a pain killer and for sexually transmitted infections . These records show high degree of consensus for the major diseases and ailments (Table 2) and imply high cross-cultural agreement among ethnomedicinal uses of E. Elephantina are reported to possess diverse medicinal properties and are used to treat or manage various human and animal ailments and diseases throughout its distributional range in southern Africa (Table 2). This powder comes from a highly medicinal tropical tree called Pausinystalia yohimbe. One of the most well known natural aphrodisiacs you find in Nigeria is the Burantashi powder. Many of these natural products are available in different parts of the country. Preparation of the Extract While traditional herbal remedies hold a place in many cultures, it\’s important to approach them with a critical eye. Local laws need to be TRIPS compliant if trade of African herbal products is to increase, and, at the same time, issues of sustainable use and development of plant products need to be addressed. It is evident from the literature that there is currently a renewed interest in African-plant-based medicines in the prevention and cure of various pathologies. 8. Toxicity Elephantina are also discussed in the hope that the article will provide a better understanding of the plant species. Elephantina is sold as herbal medicine in the herbal medicine (muthi) markets in Botswana and Zimbabwe , the Eastern Cape province of South Africa 8, 9, Gauteng province , Limpopo province , and the Northern Cape province . Due to its popularity as herbal medicine, E. The underground rhizomes, often referred to as roots, are one of the primary herbal medicines in southern Africa. Elephantorrhiza elephantina is the type species of the genus, where the generic name “Elephantorrhiza” means “elephant root” and is based, most descriptively, on the large underground stem common to most members of the genus . Cyclopia genistoides is an indigenous herbal tea to South Africa and considered as a health food. Increased levels of lipid peroxidation measured as 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances indicative of oxidative stress in diabetic rats were also normalized by treatment with the extract . Enzymatic activities of glycogen synthase, glucose 6-phosphate-dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase were decreased in liver of diabetic animals in comparison to normal ones and were significantly improved after treatment with extract at dose of 500 mg/kg p.o. The oral administration of water-soluble fractions and ethanolic extracts of the leaves have been found to show significant dose-dependent reduction in the blood sugar at 4 h by 26.2, 31.4, 35.6, and 33.4%, respectively, in normal rats. Most important Epimedium species used for medicinal purposes are E. The traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Epimedium L. The aqueous extract of dried roots of Chlorophytum borivilianum enhances the sexual arousal, vigor, and libido in Wistar rats. Ethanolic extract of roots as well as sapogenins isolated from the roots were studied for effect on sexual behavior and spermatogenesis in albino rats. Aqueous extract of the plant elicited notable spermatogenesis in immature rats. The bitter latex, known as Cape aloe, is used as laxative medicine in Africa and Europe and is considered to have bitter tonic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties 8, 19–23.The ethanolic extract of rhizome improved sexual behaviour in male rats.Elephantorrhiza elephantina is usually widespread, often gregarious and forming huge patches in hot and dry areas in grasslands and open scrub .In the testosterone group (Figure 3), the density of interglandular fibromuscular stromal was significantly increased, the gland walls were thickened, the intraglandular epithelial cells proliferated to significantly higher levels and the prostatic glandular cavities were also markedly enlarged than in the vehicle control group.Studies have found that 7-hydroxymitragynine is the main contributor to the plant’s toxicity and the development of addiction symptoms.Further searches for global reports indicated that Zingiber officinale is the only plant encountered in this study that have been subjected to clinical studies investigating its effect on male ED, female sexual function, and infertility .And it helps a man lengthen what he has down there naturally in 2 weeks or less.The first one is inadequate access to allopathic medicines and western forms of treatments, whereby the majority of people in Africa cannot afford access to modern medical care either because it is too costly or because there are no medical service providers.The article you just read explains how these natural ingredients can support men’s health. How to Handle Sexual Rejection as a Gay Man: A Practical Framework Traditional healers have used this herb for various purposes, including supporting prostate health, urinary function, and male sexual wellness. This comprehensive exploration serves to bridge traditional knowledge with modern scientific understanding, providing context for current research while honoring ancient wisdom in natural male enhancement solutions. Understanding how different cultures approach male health challenges reveals patterns in herbal usage that transcend geographical boundaries and periods. Natural remedies, particularly herbs and botanical preparations, have played a fundamental role in addressing male health concerns for thousands of years, often serving as the primary intervention before the advent of modern medicine. The results obtained show that the LHE can prevent, and reverse testosterone induced prostatic hyperplasia, and support the traditional use of Kigelia africana in some disorders of the reproductive system. The results obtained showed that the LHE can prevent, and reverse testosterone induced prostatic hyperplasia, and support the traditional use of Kigelia africana in some disorders of the reproductive system. He had erectile dysfunction (ED) – a health condition making him unable to sustain erection during sexual intercourse. African herbal enlargement refers to the use of traditional African herbs to naturally increase size, improve sexual performance, and enhance stamina. The same is true, women with spouses with such erectile problems may be tempted to go outside their marriage vows to satisfy their sexual needs. In Uganda gender specific malfunctions or complications or diseases and conditions in reproductive health care are not given the due regard and the suffering persons tend to shy away. Allium sativum (garlic) is used in treatment of diabetes, high blood pressure, prevention of arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries and is one of the causes of ED)7. However, the wild coffee species are more popular in treating ED and are believed to contain more alkaloids (caffeine). Ferox gel contains at least 130 medicinal agents with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, calming, antiseptic, germicidal, antiviral, antiparasitic, antitumour, and anticancer effects encompassing all of the traditional uses and scientific studies done on A. In this endeavor, major scientific databases such as EBSCOhost, PubMed Central, Scopus (Elsevier), and Emerald amongst others have been probed to investigate trends in the rapidly increasing number of scientific publications on African traditional medicinal plants. In many parts of Africa, medicinal plants are the most easily accessible health resource available to the community. Herbal medicines include herbs, herbal materials, herbal preparations, and finished herbal products that contain parts of plants or other plant materials as active ingredients. This present study suggests that testosterone disruption is significant, at least after 90 days of consumption of high doses of B. Many researchers have investigated the active bioconstituent present in different herbs that are responsible for enhancing sexual activity, spermatogenesis and showing other positive effect in reproductive parameters (Table 3). This mechanism may constitute one way in which androgens stimulate sexual arousal . A healthy lifestyle combined with consistent use of these remedies may lead to noticeable improvements in your overall sexual wellness. African herbal enlargement provides a natural approach to enhancing size, performance, and confidence. Keep in mind that natural remedies often take longer than synthetic alternatives, but their effects are believed to be more sustainable over time. The use of medicinal plants as a fundamental component of the African traditional healthcare system is perhaps the oldest and the most assorted of all therapeutic systems. However, last year Nyembo heard from a friend that a traditional healer in the western Tabora region was offering treatment to such patients using herbal extracts. Its promoters claim it can help erectile dysfunction (ED), low sex drive in women, and the unwanted sexual side effects of some antidepressant medicines. Furthermore, the release of dopamine and other catecholamines causes stimulant and libido-enhancing effects 3,156,166,176,177. The betel nut contains a variety of active alkaloids responsible for its effects. The fruit, obtained from the palm tree, Areca catechu L., is commonly chewed in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific islands 155,156 for its antiparasitic, digestive, euphoric, and aphrodisiac effects 157,158. Drugs that affect peripheral nerves will not affect arousal directly but may affect sexual function. Drugs affecting the brain and presumably sex centers are generally attributed with an increase or decrease in sexual arousal. Drugs affecting sexuality can either act on the central nervous system (Brain) and/or on the peripheral nervous system. There are several reproductive ailments that local communities have been handling and treating for ages such as sexual impotence and erectile dysfunction (ED). This is an indication that herbal medicine is important in primary health care provision in Uganda. The methods used to collect the relevant information regarding the medicinal plants used included informal and formal discussions, field visits and focused semi-structured interviews. Thus, some diseases such as sexual impotence and erectile dysfunction that deserve mention are regarded as petty though important in economic productivity, family stability and sexually transmitted diseases control including HIV/AIDS. Safed Musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum) belongs to the family Liliaceae with folkloric claims as aphrodisiac and sexual stimulant . Aqueous extract of Cynomorium coccineum induced significant increase in the sperm count, improved the percentage of live sperm and their motility, and decreased the number of abnormal sperm. (Cynomoraceae) is known as Som-El-Ferakh in Saudi Arabia, which is a black leafless parasitic plant devoid of chlorophyll. There was a significant variation in the sexual behavior of animals as reflected by reduction of mount latency, ejaculation latency, postejaculatory latency, intromission latency, and an increase of mount frequency. Similarly, the extract could also preserve the in vitro sperm count when compared to control group after 30 min. of incubation . In regards to the treatment of infertility, most plan species recorded were indicated to be used for the treatment of female infertility (Table 2). Analysis of transregional distribution of the plants revealed that Uganda and Kenya shared 8 species and Tanzania and Kenya shared 6 species while Kenya and Rwanda shared one species (Tagetes minuta L.). In total, 171 plant species from 59 botanical families have been reported for the management of sexual inappetence, i.e., used as aphrodisiacs (39.4%), ED (35.9%), infertility (18.7%), and increasing fertility (6.0%) (Table 1). Further searches for global reports indicated that Zingiber officinale is the only plant encountered in this study that have been subjected to clinical studies investigating its effect on male ED, female sexual function, and infertility . The latest report is on Plumbago zeylanica, whose aqueous root extract administered at 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg was found to elicit prosexual stimulatory effects in male rats . Methods of preparation of herbal remedies used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction and infertility, and enhancing fertility and virility in the EAC. Overall, results obtained by Nciki et al. and Mabona et al. provide a scientific basis for the traditional use of E. There are also differences in terms of best antifungal results documented in these two studies. The species exhibited antifungal properties against both microorganisms tested and the authors assessed the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against Candida albicans and E. Inscriptions from the 18th Dynasty refer to this gum as “komi” or “komme.” Gum arabic has been used for at least 4,000 years by local people for the preparation of food, in human and veterinary medicine, in crafts, and as a cosmetic. Interestingly, Abegaz et al. have observed that of all species of Dorstenia (Moraceae) analysed, only the African species, Dorstenia mannii Hook.f, a perennial herb growing in the tropical rain forest of Central Africa contained more biological activity than related species 9–11. Second, there is a lack of effective modern medical treatment for some ailments such as malaria and/or HIV/AIDS, which, although global in distribution, disproportionately affect Africa more than other areas in the world. Hot milk infusions of Eriosema kraussianum roots and/or pounded boiled root decoctions of the plant are taken in small doses in the morning and at night for impotence. Eriosema kraussianum is an example of this and is probably one of the most famous herbal aphrodisiacs originating from South Africa. Support your vitality and wellness with our all-natural men's tonic. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Gödecke et al. have reported no significant effect on the bacterial growth of two strains of mycobacteria by extracts and fractions of P. sidoides. Taylor et al. have recently established the antimycobacterial activity for hexane extracts of roots of P. reniforme and P. sidoides. Antibacterial activity of extracts and isolated constituents of P. sidoides was evaluated by Kayser against three gram-positive and five gram-negative bacteria. Pelargonium sidoides is native to the coastal regions of South Africa, and available ethnobotanical information shows that the tuberous P. sidoides is an important traditional medicine with a rich ethnobotanical history . The unfermented rooibos has been found to have greater chemoprotective effects than the fermented variety . It was only after the discovery that an infusion of rooibos, when administered to her colicky baby, cured the chronic restlessness, vomiting, and stomach cramps that rooibos became well known as a “healthy” beverage, leading to a broader consumer base. It has been used as a refreshment drink and as a healthy tea beverage 8, 19. This was done to verify the information gathered and the spread of the indigenous knowledge (IK) in reproductive health care among the different reproductive groups particularly on ED management. These methods are explained in the textbook of ethnobotany and others have been used in the field for this kind of studies in Uganda and elsewhere in the world10,12,13,14,21. The socio-cultural aspects in details will be presented in the next manuscript covering the broad range of reproductive health ailments management using the indigenous knowledge in western Uganda. Other possible causes are smoking, which affects blood flow in veins and arteries, and hormonal abnormalities, such as not enough testosterone23. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for the aqueous (0.50–2.00 mg/mL) and methanol (0.20–4.00 mg/mL) extracts independently demonstrated varied efficacies depending on the pathogen of study.As men increasingly seek natural alternatives to manage erectile dysfunction (ED), traditional African recipes offer a promising approach.This calls for serious conservation strategies of plant targets in drug development borrowing from the indigenous knowledge of the local people.Natural and herbal aphrodisiacs are particularly common in Northern Nigeria.The indigenous San and Khoi peoples of Southern Africa have used Devil's Claw medicinally for centuries, if not millennia 8, 19, 91.The leaves have been reported to contain two juices; the yellow bitter sap is used as laxative while the white aloe gel is used in health drinks and skin care products.The medicinal plants used such as Citropsis articulata, Cannabis sativa, Cleome gynandra and Cola acuminata are frequently utilized. The herbal remedies have evoked a glimmer of hope among men suffering from ED also known as male impotence, as the Tanzania government approved herbal drug as treatment for the problem. These remedies often rely on plants that improve blood flow, stimulate hormones, and support overall health. These herbs, long used in traditional medicine, are believed to promote natural growth, enhance performance, and boost confidence. With a blend of tradition and modern science, these remedies highlight the significance of cultural knowledge in addressing health issues. As more men seek natural alternatives, ongoing research will likely continue to explore the full potential of these remedies. Studies have shown that certain African herbs may improve blood flow and enhance testosterone levels, both crucial factors in addressing ED. The commonly mentioned plants were Mondia whitei (12 times), Warburgia ugandensis (4 times), Acalypha villicaulis, Combretum illairii, Erythrina abyssinica, Pappea capensis, and Rhus vulgaris (3 times each).Herba-alba has been used in folk medicine by many cultures since ancient times.Reproductive Health care is the second most prevalent health care problem on African continent4.Thus, the combination of its aphrodisiac qualities, nutritional content, and potential effects on male fertility make Mondia Whitei a highly regarded herb in Africa.The highest number of plants cited was from Kenya (96), followed by Uganda (66), Tanzania (24), Rwanda (1), and DRC (1).Safer, more effective methods like UroFill® now provide a path for penis girth enlargement that prioritizes health and confidence.In contrast, drugs blocking dopamine function such as haloperidol cause loss of sexual arousal.It could be positioned that the preparation of remedies with more than one plant and plant part or with the addition of adjuvants may be a way of masking the toxicity of the medicinal plants 36, 93.In one research, P. sidoides was documented to represent an effective treatment against common cold. However, most of the herbal remedies used in male ailments are not well documented and researched. Cola acuminata fruits are mixed with other plants in Benin to treat primary and secondary sterility24. Phytolacca dodecandra leaves and roots are pounded and smeared on ripe banana and then the ripe banana roasted before being eaten for treating erectile dysfunction. The flowers are bisexual with red-brown glands at the base and free petals which are slightly connate at the base. Elephantorrhiza elephantina inflorescence is an axillary raceme, usually confined to the lower part of the stem usually solitary or clustered. Elephantorrhiza elephantina is a perennial suffrutex or low shrub, producing annual stems up to 90 cm tall at ground level, from the woody end of an elongate, with often thickened rhizome up to 8 m long . Elephantina are Acacia elephantina Burch. Elephantorrhiza elephantina is usually widespread, often gregarious and forming huge patches in hot and dry areas in grasslands and open scrub . Jackson, G. The importance of risk factor reduction in erectile dysfunction. Aizenberg, D, Zemishlany, Z, Dorfman-Etrog, P, Weizman, A. Sexual dysfunction in male schizophrenic patients. Ponholzer, A, Gutjahr, G, Temml, C, Madersbacher, S. Is erectile dysfunction a predictor of cardiovascular events or stroke? A population-based, longitudinal study of erectile dysfunction and future coronary artery disease. In vitro studies of the hippocampus and other brain regions suggest that the sedative effects of kavalactones may be mediated by an increase in GABAA receptor binding sites 251,252. Kava extracts produce a similar activity profile as that of benzodiazepines, which interact with GABA receptors, inhibit the MAO-B, and inhibit dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake in the CNS, inducing libido-enhancing properties . These cases, however, were isolated and generally resulted from high ginseng doses or with the concomitant use of other substances (e.g., phenelzine, cannabis, herbal supplements); mania was not reported in clinical studies using ginseng alone or in combination. In fact, most clinical studies with ginseng or ginsenosides reported no psychiatric or neurological side effects or statistically insignificant effects compared to placebo, and were not included in Table 1 223,224,225,226,227. Lifestyle habits killing testosterone can significantly impact your health and vitality. The article you just read explains how these natural ingredients can support men’s health. However, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new treatment. Mathabe et al. evaluated the antibacterial activities of aqueous, acetone, ethanol, and methanol root extracts of E. Both extracts showed activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus at loadings lower than 15 μg. Aaku et al. evaluated the antibacterial activity of 70% ethanol and n-butanol rhizome extracts of E. Elephantina, a plant species widely used as anthelmintic remedy by small-scale farmers in South Africa. The reduction in faecal egg counts in dosed extracts with E. Maphosa et al. evaluated in vitro anthelmintic activities of crude aqueous extracts of E. Elephantina rhizome extracts, Mpofu et al. isolated kaempferol 2, epicatechin 14, glucuronic acid 42, arabinose 43, epigallocatechin gallate 44, quercetin 45, and epicatechin gallate 46. Recently, Msimanga et al. isolated the following compounds from hexane root extracts of E. Aaku et al. isolated the following compounds from n-butanol rhizome extracts of E. To date, it continues to be used within the structure of folk medicine and is increasingly being located at the interface between traditional and modern scientifically oriented medicine. It has a pan-tropical distribution and is used in many healing cultures, including Ayurvedic medicine, Chinese traditional medicine, Kampo (Japanese traditional medicine), and African traditional medicine 19, 69. Centella asiatica is a medicinal plant that has been used since prehistoric times. Two studies concerning inhibition of COX-2 in mouse skin and inhibition of mouse skin tumor promotion tend to support the role of the topical application of rooibos extract. Elephantina is used as a traditional remedy for a wide range of ailments, including diarrhoea and dysentery, stomach disorders, skin diseases and acne, haemorrhoids, and perforated peptic ulcers and as emetics . Four species in this genus, namely, E. Elephantina is not sufficiently explored as diverse studies on its chemical and pharmacological activities are required to understand its mechanism of action and to characterize the metabolites responsible for these activities. However, the current health-related information on E. The present review summarizes the ethnomedicinal uses and recent findings on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of different extracts and compounds of E. Elephantina by Mabona et al. validate their antifungal effects as these two species are often used in combination as herbal medicines to treat skin infections. Elephantina by Mabona et al. validate their antibacterial effects as these two species are often used in combination as herbal medicines for treating microbial infections in southern Africa. With carefully selected ingredients, Nitrox Pro promotes firm, long-lasting, and intense erections quickly and without side effects. These are the effects observed in users over 55 years old in less than 7 minutes. The image above shows the effectiveness of the 6-month treatment, based on research conducted on more than 1,750 volunteers aged 53 to 79 at Stanford University. When using herbal remedies, it’s important to know the proper preparation methods, appropriate dosages, and any potential interactions with other medications you may be taking. Traditional remedies may have fewer side effects compared to prescription medications, but they can vary in effectiveness. Drug interactions are more concerning, considering that herbal aphrodisiacs are likely used together with other plant extracts and/or pharmaceuticals. It is also imperative that potential risk factors, for example, the contamination of medicinal plant products with heavy metals from African traditional medicine products, be addressed and that regulatory guidelines are not only carefully developed but also enforced. This makes it extremely difficult for buyers, whether national or international, to evaluate the safety and efficacy of plants and extracts, or compare batches of products from different places or from year to year. During the last few decades, it has become evident that there exists a plethora of plants with medicinal potential and it is increasingly being accepted that the African traditional medicinal plants might offer potential template molecules in the drug discovery process. Without this information, users of traditional medicinal plants in Africa and elsewhere remain skeptical about the value of such therapies. Kratom is an herbal preparation obtained from the leaves of Mitragyna speciosa Korth, an evergreen plant of the Rubiaceae family that grows spontaneously in Southeast Asia, mainly in Thailand and Malaysia . The US Food and Drug Administration confirmed that oral administration of bitter orange extracts is safe , and its derivatives have gained popularity as dietary supplements over the last few years 200,204. Anxiolytic and hypnotic effects are seemingly due to the combination of the action of the plant’s aroma on the limbic system through olfaction and the direct action of terpenes on GABAergic and serotoninergic (5-HT1A) receptors 39,202,203.