Watch the full video below and discover what this emerging field means for the future of healthcare. They also shed light on the ethical concerns, regulatory challenges, and how to differentiate between scientifically backed treatments and misleading claims. They explore FDA-approved treatments, cutting-edge research, and the role of stem cells in regenerative medicine. In this episode of Health Decoded, Dr. Alfred Alessi and co-host Matt Tack break down the science, ethics, and future of stem cell therapy. When it comes to vitamins, B and C are common add-ons. Last year, global spending on these products topped $1.7 billion, making the additives big business. These products seem to be primarily water, sugar and salt. Our primary objective was to systematically review all data published in the last two decades on testosterone boosters and determine their efficacy. Lax industry regulation has allowed sales of supplements to thrive in the absence of verification of their purported benefits. If you’ve ever experienced anxiety or depression, or even just gone through a period of feeling low, there’s a good chance that a well-meaning friend or family member might have recommended that you try taking a vitamin D supplement. "Rather, people with poor health may be more likely to stay indoors and get less exposure to vitamin D from sunlight." Its role in shaping our health has also given rise to a billion-dollar probiotic and prebiotic supplement industry. The idea is that consuming probiotics (microbes that provide a health benefit when ingested) and prebiotics (foods that help those microbes to function efficiently) in supplement form will restore balance to our gut and thus to our overall wellbeing. "'Superfoods' often actually lack sufficient robust scientific evidence to support their claims." But how much of it is truly backed by science, and how much is just unproven hype? Stem cell therapy is one of the most groundbreaking yet controversial advancements in modern medicine. However, minor memory lapses that occur with age are not usually signs of a serious problem such as Alzheimer’s disease, but rather the result of normal changes in the structure and function of the brain. In the United States, the extract from the leaves is sold as a supplement commonly called ginkgo biloba. Vaccines were mentioned 2.5-times more frequently by news webpages than the rest of the webpages, and so did “soups” (the word mostly occurred in “chicken soup”), although these differences were not statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons. For significance testing, the frequency a boost is mentioned by commercial or news webpage is compared with its frequency in the remaining webpages in the SERP, rather than with that in the whole SERP, to avoid comparing two groups with a significant amount of overlapping data. Conversely, vaccines were mentioned less frequently than in the rest of the SERP. Likewise, to investigate whether some of the topic were more newsworthy, we compared the frequency of the topics in news websites compared to all other websites in the SERP. To do so, we looked at the ratio between the frequencies of a topic in commercial webpages and compared it with the frequency of the same topic in all other webpages. Marketing materials often tout “scientifically proven” claims to enhance credibility. The supplement industry is subject to less stringent regulation than pharmaceuticals. Claims that they can cure chronic diseases, such as cancer or diabetes, are often fraudulent and potentially dangerous. Author information And testosterone boosters are having a bit of a moment. Professional-quality supplements often cost similar as the hyped-up ones — but they’re far more effective, safer, and can be personalized to meet real needs. If you're going to spend money on supplements, make it count. Another common nootropic ingredient, Ashwagandha root, was shown to improve cognitive flexibility, visual memory, and reaction time in a study on 43 healthy Americans. Most of the ingredients found in nootropics have been studied to some extent. Nootropic supplement companies pitch an attractive solution. Sometime in 2024, I started getting ads in my Instagram feed from a supplement company called Thesis. Promising everything from weight loss to enhanced brain function, it’s easy to be swept away by flashy marketing claims. Strap in as we delve into the critical details that could transform your approach to health and wellness. On the one hand, none of the ingredients seem to be harmful (except to your wallet), and the idea of taking a pill to make my brain work better is still tantalizing. But, until that day, customers will have to decide for themselves if the evidence is enough to go on. Myth 2: Natural Ingredients Mean Safe Products Of the 150 supplements, researchers came across 16 general claims to benefit patients, including claims to "boost T or free T," "build body lean mass or muscle mass," or "increase sex drive or libido." Zinc, fenugreek extract and vitamin B6 were three of the most common components in the supplements. Then, the team reviewed published scientific literature on testosterone and the 109 components found in the supplements. That means they can’t claim to treat or prevent disease, and they absolutely can’t claim to increase testosterone levels. Furthermore, many human diseases are complex and for some, current treatments or preventative measures are insufficient and targeting the microbiota could be a potential way to deal with some of these challenges.Continued research and evidence-based educational resources will assist consumers in making informed decisions about dietary supplements.Dietary supplements, which consumers buy to improve their health, can be costly.This way manufacturers don’t have to back up any claim that their product is effective.“A dietary supplement will generally provide 100 percent of the daily recommended allowance for all vitamins and minerals,” Kris-Etherton said.In reality, testosterone boosters can have side effects and interactions with certain medications, particularly in individuals with pre-existing health conditions or hormonal imbalances.In the end, optimizing your testosterone levels is about supporting your body from multiple angles—nutrition, exercise, sleep, stress management, and smart supplementation. “A well-balanced diet provides the foundation for optimal health,” states Dr. Walter Willett, a professor of epidemiology and nutrition at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, in his book Eat, Drink, and Be Healthy. Supplements are generally recommended for specific populations, such as pregnant women, individuals with nutrient deficiencies, or those with certain medical conditions. Most healthy individuals can obtain sufficient nutrients from a balanced diet. “The phrase ‘scientifically proven’ is often used loosely in supplement advertising,” cautions Dr. David Katz, founding director of the Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. An essential round-up of science news, opinion and analysis, delivered to your inbox every weekday. Infectious disease physician Jeanne Marrazzo talks to Nature Reviews Drug Discovery one year into her tenure as director of the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). “What this shows is that doing good science is hard, much harder than most people seem to think,” says visual neuroscientist Sam Schwarzkopf. By age 40 and beyond, many men start noticing signs of low testosterone, including fatigue, irritability, low libido, and difficulty gaining muscle or losing fat. For anyone who wants to be extra proactive in their healthcare choices, this is a book to have. Shapiro wants patients to do the right thing by getting inoculations (as she and her family have) to ward off diseases like HPV and chicken pox, but she also reassures parents that they can lighten up when it comes to panicking about a little sugar. The elderly, who are the most susceptible to COVID-19 disease and death, have more restricted Ab and naive T cell repertoires that likely constrain their immune responses (12). Potentially these CD8+ T cells against the nucleocapsid (N) may also contribute to immunity after natural infection, since these N-specific responses, which are not induced by mRNA or Ad vector vaccines, may be more highly conserved against VOCs (20). CD4+ T cells from recovered individuals mounted a broader antigen-specific response across the structural and accessory gene products, whereas the CD8+ T cells are predominantly nucleocapsid specific while spike-specific responses are substantially lower in frequency (20). Data from long-term follow-up studies of vaccinated individuals are yet to be released, but B and T cell responses can still be detected in vaccinees for at least 6 months after the second dose (5, 14). However, many studies primarily targeted specific groups (e.g., elderly or immunocompromised individuals) and analyzed different vaccine types. Several publications have described the impact of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine booster on human immune responses (33–37). Future vaccines that induce broadly reactive mucosal IgA and serum IgG NAbs and augment T cell repertoires may provide enhanced protection against both disease and transmission after exposure to variants (32). Studies of mRNA 1273 vaccine in challenged NHP confirmed that lower serum S Ab levels were required to reduce virus replication in the LRT than in the URT (7). Donate to support science! The Dietary Supplement Label Database—a project of the National Institutes of Health—has all the information found on labels of many brands of dietary supplements marketed in the United States. It provides information on dietary supplements. ODS seeks to strengthen knowledge and understanding of dietary supplements by evaluating scientific information, supporting research, sharing research results, and educating the public. NCCIH supports dozens of research projects on dietary supplements and how they might affect the body. The present study highlights a large presence of commercial websites, representing 30% of the whole SERP. Full analysis of the concordance for the word “university” in news webpages shows that it was used in the context of reporting research results (Supplementary File 3). The results showed that the word “university” was mentioned in 44% of news webpages compared to 19% of commercial, 25% of professional, and 14% of blogs. Antioxidants may one day play an important role in the treatment of certain diseases or in routine health maintenance, but so far there is insufficient evidence to make any confident predictions or to make specific recommendations. There is some evidence that eating Vitamin E rich foods may help prevent PD but not Vitamin E supplements. A recent review of clinical studies of antioxidants in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) concluded that the evidence is “ambiguous”, while still recommending them largely because they are low risk. We have also found the products of oxidative damage in virtually all neurodegenerative diseases, like ALS and Parkinson’s disease. But if it says “boosts testosterone”, “increases virility” or “reverses low T”, it’s crossing into non-compliant marketing. You can’t just say something “boosts testosterone” unless the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has assessed the claim and given it the green light. You're heading into unauthorised health claim territory. So if you're wondering whether these boosters are legit or just cleverly branded nonsense, here's what you need to know. This means that the agreement was very good for all typologies but very low for health portals, suggesting that any conclusions made on the latter typology would be very weak. The remaining 185 webpages were then analyzed in terms of typology of website, HIQ indicators and content. We searched “boost immunity” in Google.com from Brighton, UK in November 2018. Excessive vitamin D intake, for example, can cause toxicity, leading to nausea, kidney issues, and fatigue. For example, while a protein shake can be convenient post-workout, eating lean meats, eggs, or legumes often provides the same benefit without added fillers or artificial ingredients. These myths often serve as the backbone of supplement marketing, preying on common fitness aspirations and anxieties. The nutrition supplement industry thrives on myths that perpetuate misinformation and confusion among consumers. By recognizing these patterns, individuals can begin to prioritize sustainable habits over fleeting solutions, paving the way for long-term health and fitness success. Do not disregard, avoid or delay obtaining medical or health related advice from your health-care professional because of something you may have read on this site. But remember, not all testosterone boosters are created equal. Always consult a doctor before starting any supplement regimen, especially if you have existing health concerns. Ultimately we need clinical evidence to make any conclusions about the health benefits, if any, of nutritional antioxidants. Before scientists could even write their research grants, however, there emerged from this “irrational exuberance” a cottage industry of antioxidant products marketed as if they were the very elixir of life. Some of these compounds are simply waste products of cell metabolism. This should provide ample zinc, vitamin D and other vitamins and minerals without the need for other supplements. Such supplements are not regulated by the Food and Drug Authority (FDA) as medicines are, and therefore escape scrutiny for efficacy unless they make specific claims. Most immune boosters mentioned as such are propagated by complementary and alternative medicine practitioners and are not part of medical recommendations. He has authored more than 250 research-backed reviews on women’s health, appetite control, metabolic health, gut health, and active lifestyle supplementation.Isaac’s work focuses on translating complex scientific research into clear, practical guidance that helps women make informed decisions about weight-loss products, hormonal balance, and long-term metabolic wellness. Primarily S-specific Th1 and T follicular helper (Tfh) CD4+ T cells, with lower CD8+ T cell responses and persisting memory T and B cells, were also documented in mRNA vaccinees (6). MRNA and Ad vector vaccines induced serum IgG S and receptor-binding domain (RBD) binding Ab and NAbs. Both the Ad vector and mRNA vaccines were engineered to express the prefusion spike protein (S) to induce NAbs. This trace mineral is widely marketed to build muscle, burn fat, and increase energy and athletic performance, but research has not supported these claims. Here’s a look at some of the substances that are commonly touted as energy boosters. Donate today to help end heart disease and stroke for everyone. But, the DGAs also state that foods provide an array of nutrients that benefit health, so nutritional needs should be met primarily through foods. That means eating leafy greens, vegetables, nuts, seeds, legumes, fruit, dairy products, certain fish and seafood, healthful fats and lean meats. The advertising on hydration multipliers claims that the products provide these components in ratios that amplify hydration. Testosterone boosters are heavily marketed on social media and marketplaces to men with claims to significantly increase testosterone. Marketing of supplements often involves giving unreliable or dishonest information that is not supported by scientific studies. These are good questions for anybody who wants to live healthier. Some may be beneficial, but the key to vitamin and mineral success is eating a balanced diet. It is clearly playing some role in aging and many diseases, but likely a more complex one than we initially assumed. Claims made on product labels were also evaluated by using the Operation Supplement Safety Scorecard’s set of questions to describe the labels’ characteristics. Together, they harness the full potential of biomedicine through collaborative research, education and clinical care for patients. Stanford Medicine is an integrated academic health system comprising the Stanford School of Medicine and adult and pediatric health care delivery systems. Sharing the informed perspectives of those leading medical research, patient care and education at Stanford Medicine If you’re feeling fatigued or having other symptoms while otherwise healthy, Oppezzo suggests looking at major pillars of well-being before turning to micronutrients. Before scientists could even write their research grants, however, there emerged from this “irrational exuberance” a cottage industry of antioxidant products marketed as if they were the very elixir of life.However, injected insulin remains active even once glucose levels are back to normal, potentially causing a drop to dangerously low levels.Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil.For example, testosterone helps regulate the production of red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body and fueling energy production.But remember, not all testosterone boosters are created equal.Primarily S-specific Th1 and T follicular helper (Tfh) CD4+ T cells, with lower CD8+ T cell responses and persisting memory T and B cells, were also documented in mRNA vaccinees (6).The advertising on hydration multipliers claims that the products provide these components in ratios that amplify hydration. They included conventional inactivated (Sinovac, Sinopharm), adenovirus (Ad)-vectored (Gamaleya, J&J Janssen, AstraZeneca), and mRNA (Pfizer, Moderna) vaccines. A plethora of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 were developed in an unprecedented rapid time frame. Fears of waning immunity and the emergence of variants of concern (VOC) have fueled this debate. Less than a year from first identifying SARS-CoV-2 as the causative agent of COVID-19, multiple safe and highly effective vaccines were authorized for use around the world. The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been unprecedented, but so too have the speed of development and efficacy of vaccines for COVID-19. “The regulatory framework for supplements is significantly weaker than that for pharmaceuticals,” notes Dr. Daniel Fabricant, president and CEO of the Natural Products Association.But if it says “boosts testosterone”, “increases virility” or “reverses low T”, it’s crossing into non-compliant marketing.An article published in the Public Health Journal analyzed 165 radio advertisements for supplements in Spain.Look for clinically backed ingredients, transparent labeling, and brands with strong reputations like TestoPrime or TestoGen.For example, while a protein shake can be convenient post-workout, eating lean meats, eggs, or legumes often provides the same benefit without added fillers or artificial ingredients.Of the 312 total ingredients listed across these products, ingredients consisted of herbs and other botanicals (143 45.8%), vitamins (74 23.7%), minerals (59 18.9%), amino acids (6 1.9%), and other substances, such as enzymes, organ tissue, and metabolites (12 3.8%).Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to determine the quality of the 30 dietary supplement products.One product listed “licorice root powder (deglycerrhizinated)” on the label.Unlike drugs, dietary supplements are not approved by the US government for safety or efficacy. While certain supplements, such as creatine and protein powder, can support muscle growth, they are not magic bullets. “The liver and kidneys efficiently remove waste products, rendering external ‘detox’ unnecessary.” Claims that supplements can “cleanse” or “purify” the body are largely unsubstantiated. “Whole foods provide a synergistic effect that cannot be replicated by isolated nutrients,” emphasizes Marion Nestle, a professor of nutrition, food studies, and public health at New York University, in her book What to Eat. Relying solely on supplements can deprive the body of essential fiber, antioxidants, and other beneficial compounds. Use of dietary supplements has much increased over recent decades; around half of people in North America regularly use supplements. "The safest and most effective way for men to boost low testosterone levels is to talk with a medical professional or a nutritionist." As such, Samplaski would like to see more regulation around testosterone-boosting supplements to protect consumers. Unlike drugs, supplements are not intended to treat, diagnose, prevent, or cure diseases, according to the FDA. “Patients should always consult with their healthcare providers before using supplements to treat medical conditions.” Continued research and evidence-based educational resources will assist consumers in making informed decisions about dietary supplements. Moreover, some claims made on most of these immune support products do not appear consistent with any of the categories of claims defined by FDA regulations. Second, the developed analytical method for product analysis is good for analysis of botanical ingredients, single compounds (synthetic or natural ones), water-soluble vitamins, and amino acids but is not sensitive for analysis of polysaccharides, lipids, enzymes, and proteins. TRT overrides natural production, so boosters are usually unnecessary. And that’s where the testosterone supplement industry cashes in, preying on insecurity, confusion, and desperation. But here we are, in the golden age of supplements, where low T is still a global epidemic. Social media Dietary supplements may support good health, but are not replacements for a diet of nutrient-dense foods. For example, she points out that foods provide many bioactive compounds and dietary fiber that typically aren’t found in supplements. However, when it comes to the marketing hype for antioxidant products I can make a clear recommendation – healthy skepticism. Twelve products listed blends or proprietary complexes as part of their Supplement Facts label. Sixteen products had other seals such as “#1 doctor recommended brand,” “third party tested,” “purity and potency,” “stimulant free,” “lab tested verified,” and “quality guaranteed.” The price of these products ranged from $11.93 to $90.48 for an approximate 30-day supply, with the median cost of $25.33 per month. This product listed ingredients in “other ingredients” that should have been listed in the Supplement Facts panel. The number of analyzable ingredients differs from the number of ingredients presented on the product label because the instrumentation limits for analysis. The analysis also detected other substances not claimed on the label, and these substances consisted mostly of flavonoids in 2 products. The focus keyword here is testosterone boosters, and yes, they’ve become the modern man’s version of snake oil. Let’s be brutally honest, if testosterone boosters were half as magical as the marketing wants you to believe, we’d all be walking testosterone statues by now. Some studies suggest that ginkgo biloba may improve some aspects of mood, including alertness and calmness, in healthy subjects. A Cochrane Collaboration review found the evidence was too weak to conclude that ginkgo biloba improved cognition in people with Alzheimer’s disease. "Evidence-based lifestyle medicine should involve diet, exercise and sleep, and losing weight in small increments – for example, using an 'Interval Weight Loss' approach, a program I have developed. It’s about setting a goal that’s really years down the track, instead of weeks or months." According to Nick, however, the key is not a pill but a mindset shift away from influencers and crash diets and towards long-term, evidence-based lifestyle interventions. The supposed effect of vitamin D on the risk of mental disorders might not be causal but the other way around. "Studies have actually demonstrated that the supposed effect of vitamin D on the risk of mental disorders might not be causal but the other way around," he says. Furthermore, various companies offer testing of your (or your dog’s) gut microbiome and then make personalized diet and lifestyle recommendations and some even sell supplements. Innovative approaches to nutrition immunology are cutting through the hype to uncover how nutrition, immunity and disease are linked. The marketing of supplements in the United States is only weakly regulated. Supplements are marketed by a variety of different methods, including health food stores, advertisements in newspapers and on TV, multilevel marketing, bulk mail, spam e-mails, and Internet websites. In some cases, claims of supplement efficacy are backed by solid research. “Multivitamins have all these minerals, like iron and calcium, that compete for absorption,” Oppezzo said. Even people who take supplements should eat a balanced diet, Hu said. She notes that there is stronger evidence that fermented food such as yogurt, kefir and kimchi improve gut health than there is for probiotics. Evidence suggests that many nutrients are better absorbed through from foods than from supplements, and heat processing to make supplements shelf-stable can make them less potent. There is no question that oxidative damage is occurring as part of neurodegenerative diseases.Finally, it is important to note that none of the 185 webpages retrieved in our search had an anti-vaccine or vaccine-skeptical stance.Profits derive from heath club memberships, exercise classes, diets, supplements, alternative 'therapies', and thousands of other products and services that are purported to improve health, recovery, and/or sports performance.That’s not an issue when the body excretes what it can’t absorb, as with vitamin B complex.In comparison, publications on immunity and “interferon” were 9%, immunity and “vaccine” 13.7%, immunity and “antioxidant” 2.1%, immunity and “diet” 1.5%, and immunity and “vitamin D” 0.29%.Better population health, sports performance, and the very reputation of the discipline may depend on it.Performing a more focused search on a specific supplement or disease may provide a different set of webpages.In this article, we’ll deeply dive into the science behind testosterone boosters, separating fact from fiction and uncovering the truth behind these popular supplements. The fan-shaped leaves of the ginkgo tree are used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat all kinds of ailments. Fish is a staple in the Mediterranean and MIND diets, among others, and studies have found an association between higher intake of fish and a lower risk of cognitive decline. Here’s a summary of what science has found so far and what it means. Researchers have tried to answer these questions by testing how these individual nutrients affect cognitive health. There’s strong evidence that certain diets — like the Mediterranean diet, the DASH diet, and the MIND diet — can help improve cognitive function. Additionally, some testosterone boosters may contain unlisted ingredients or contaminants that can pose serious health risks, especially if taken in high doses or for extended periods. A balanced diet rich in protein, healthy fats, and micronutrients such as zinc, magnesium, and vitamin D can help support optimal testosterone production and function. If you’ve ever ventured into the realm of supplements, chances are you’ve come across testosterone boosters at some point. Interestingly, vaccine hesitancy is higher among those who endorse supplements and other complementary therapies. Yet, of webpages focusing on natural health, only a minute number mention vaccines. It is important to realize that vaccination strengthens the natural immune system against a specific disease, rather than being an artificial alternative to natural health. However, one study showed that less than 0.1% of all research papers mentioning immunity had any content about vitamin C, making it an open question how this vitamin became so well-known as an immune booster. This has led to a craze for supplements, practices and other measures that promise to boost immunity. This indicates the need to rewrite vaccine-centered websites, whether health, educational or professional, around an immune-boost, natural health theme to gain visibility among those who oppose the medicalization of healthcare. Hype covers topics as diverse as exercise, nutrition, supplements, alternative medicine, vaccines, and the benefits and drawbacks of medical testing. In terms of “boosters,” most webpages mentioned dietary advice, fruit or vegetables, and vitamins, particularly vitamin C. Nineteen webpages (10%), while mentioning vitamins (six of them vitamin C), diet or probiotics, had a negative stance on the use of supplements. The list was compiled as long as the webpages were read and included supplements, dietary, and lifestyle recommendation, complementary approaches such as chiropractic or yoga, as well as medically-approved approaches such as hygiene or vaccination. Her skeptical, no-nonsense approach and probing assessment of fact versus fiction make for lively reading that is likely to help readers make better health and medical choices.” ’91, with Kristin Loberg (St. Martin’s), a UCLA surgeon draws on her training and her interactions with anxious patients (“informed” by the Internet and media accounts) to sort out the medical wheat from the considerable chaff among competing claims, miracle cures, and just plain rotten advice. In Hype, Nina Shapiro and Kristin Loberg guide us through the dense thicket of seductive medical advice offered by the media, celebrities, activists, and health hucksters. Related Articles / Dive Deeper The webpages returned were then analyzed in terms of type of website, whether, for instance, from commercial entities, news outlets, etc. It is therefore important to establish what type of information the lay public is exposed to as this is likely to be the basis of their knowledge of the topic and have important consequences on public health. Similar results were obtained in a survey of over 9,000 Australian women, with those using naturopathy or herbal medicine less likely to vaccinate against influenza (12). Elements, including zinc, magnesium, selenium, calcium, chromium, manganese, potassium, and sodium, fat soluble vitamins, including vitamin D3, or any pre- or probiotic ingredients could not be analyzed. Ingredients missing from products ranged from 1 to 6 ingredients from any single product. We then scored the products according to the online OPSS Scorecard21 to assess relative risk based solely on label claims. The DODI established Operation Supplement Safety (OPSS) as the go-to program for dietary supplements.19,20 In addition, and because of the frequent use of dietary supplements by US military service members, a US Department of Defense (DOD) Instruction (DODI) on the Use of Dietary Supplements in the DOD became effective in March 2022. Although there is no short-term safety concern for a booster dose, the long-term immune consequences of repeated immunizations are not known. Together, these data demonstrate that there are some short-term benefits of using a booster dose to enhance vaccine-protective effects in adults, especially for vulnerable populations. Assuming these vaccine-induced T cell responses have a protective role against COVID-19, a third dose of vaccine might increase the chance of inducing an additional level of protection in immunocompromised patients or poor vaccine responders. Although the protective role of vaccine-induced T cell responses against COVID-19 is not clear, these responses are induced by different types of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (5, 6, 14, 44). Similarly, a recent large-scale study from Chile also showed that 2 doses of an inactivated vaccine followed by a third dose of an inactivated, mRNA, or adenovirus-based vaccine enhanced the vaccine-induced protection against SARS-CoV-2 (Chile Ministry of Health, unpublished data). It examined the type of endorser (experts, celebrities, or anonymous spokespeople), health claims (disease treatment or risk reduction), and product composition. Factors fueling this growth include an increasing interest in “preventative” healthcare, a growing preference for natural and organic products, and products offering “immunity boosts.” Scientists at the centers conduct laboratory research concerning the safety, effectiveness, and mechanisms of action of botanical dietary supplements that have a high potential to benefit human health. The amount of scientific evidence we have on dietary supplements varies widely—we have a lot of information on some and very little on others. Additionally, products like “natural” testosterone boosters often contain unregulated herbal blends with unverified effects, posing potential risks without guaranteed benefits. However, some wild claims have been made about the need to take supplements, such as vitamins like vitamin C, vitamin D, trace minerals, and probiotics, to protect oneself against the infection or at least against symptomatic disease. Isaac Haynes is a certified nutrition researcher, health writer, and women’s weight-management specialist with over 10 years of experience analyzing dietary supplements, metabolism science, and evidence-based fat-loss strategies. Testosterone boosters are dietary supplements designed to naturally increase the body’s testosterone levels. It should be noted, however, that the marketing of supplements is not subject to the same level of evidence-based medicine required to market a medicinal product discussed in (26), as long as the claim is not addressing a specific disease. Dietary supplements, which consumers buy to improve their health, can be costly. The Scorecard allows the consumer to quickly learn about and screen the safety of a dietary supplement product according to 7 questions. The total number of ingredients listed on the Supplement Facts labels of these products ranged from a single ingredient in 1 product to up to 32 listed ingredients. Freed argues that the lower bar for supplements like the ones that Thesis sells is actually advantageous for consumers. According to Freed, each ingredient in Thesis products goes through an internal review process that takes months to complete. He credits the supplements with earning him a high score on the GMAT and a spot in a master’s program with the Yale School of Management. Pantothenic acid was another hidden (not claimed) ingredient detected in 1 product. These ingredients along with compounds are listed in the eMethods and eTable in the Supplement. All the compounds or ingredients listed on the label and hidden compounds were analyzed except for lipids and elements. One sample of each selected product was purchased and sent to the University of Mississippi’s National Center for Natural Product’s Research for product analysis. However, the FDA has specific regulations that manufacturers are required to follow for product manufacturing and labeling. No product had third-party certification seals present on the packaging. Separating scientific fact from fabricated fiction is crucial for consumers seeking genuine health benefits. "Many people have a vague idea about the guidelines around healthy eating, but what they don’t know is, 'What does that look like on my plate?'" Marzio says. On any given day, Marzio could be at a high school teaching students how to shop and prepare a healthy lunch, or running healthy cooking workshops for clinical patients in the metabolic kitchen at the Charles Perkins Centre–Royal Prince Alfred (CPC-RPA) Clinic. If these claims sound too good to be true, it's because they are. If your testosterone levels are already within the normal range, these supplements might only give you a marginal boost. The effectiveness of testosterone boosters largely depends on the individual’s baseline hormone levels, age, and overall health. In conclusion, our study found that a search on boosting immunity returns a significant number (30%) of commercially-biased webpages promoting the use and sales of supplements. Finally, managing stress and prioritizing relaxation and self-care can help support healthy testosterone levels. These types of workouts have been shown to increase testosterone production and release, helping to promote muscle growth, fat loss, and overall metabolic health. If you’re looking to optimize your testosterone levels naturally, there are several lifestyle changes and strategies you can implement to support hormonal health and vitality. By providing your body with the nutrients it needs to produce and regulate testosterone, these supplements may help support muscle growth and recovery over time—but they’re not a shortcut to massive gains. These supplements claim to enhance muscle growth, increase energy levels, and improve overall performance—but do they deliver on their promises? Furthermore, we must shoulder the burden of ensuring that the next generation of exercise scientists are sufficiently skilled to distinguish science from pseudoscience, and information from mis- and disinformation. The global health and wellness industry has an estimated value of US$4 trillion. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. However, it’s important to approach TRT with caution and to work closely with your healthcare provider to ensure that the treatment is safe and effective for you. Food trends, supplements, lotions and powders have become familiar shelf items across the country. Consumers should be aware that these products may potentially not contain what is stated on the label. Therefore, elements such as zinc, magnesium, calcium, selenium, probiotic and prebiotic ingredients, mushrooms, and vitamin D3 could not be verified through analysis and therefore are not included as ingredients for analysis. This would certify that the ingredients listed on the label are actually in the container; however, it does not ensure a product’s effectiveness or safety. This is certainly not always the case, as we found that only 13 of the 30 products were accurate. This casts new light on the previously identified correlation between vitamin D and mood. According to Dr Jacob Crouse (MBMSc '17, PhD '21), Senior Research Fellow at the Brain and Mind Centre, the answer lies less with the sunshine vitamin and more with the sunshine itself. "They shouldn’t be thought of as things that are suddenly going to make you sexy, smart and healthy," he says. Yet, subsequent studies on the cognitive effects of the chemical on healthy people have yielded little to no positive results. Thesis, the company that popped up in my Instagram feed, includes caffeine and L-theanine in most of their products. Food and Drug Administration doesn’t highly regulate nootropic supplements. Herbal brain boosters are on the rise, but does science back them up? In contrast, Brazil’s “FDA,” ANVISA, is more proactive in evaluating products before they reach consumers. On the contrary, news websites ranked high, as their frequency in the top 10 was twice that in the total search.“The products and information on this website are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.Always consult a doctor before starting any supplement regimen, especially if you have existing health concerns.Excessive vitamin D intake, for example, can cause toxicity, leading to nausea, kidney issues, and fatigue.Hype covers topics as diverse as exercise, nutrition, supplements, alternative medicine, vaccines, and the benefits and drawbacks of medical testing.The manufacturer is responsible for ensuring their product is safe and lawful and that the claims made are truthful, not misleading, and substantiated.A number of other approaches were mentioned by a small percentage of webpages (Open in a new tabContent analysis of the whole SERP (A) and the top-10 webpages (B). TRT involves administering testosterone through various methods, such as injections, patches, gels, or implants, to raise testosterone levels to normal range. For individuals with clinically low testosterone levels, testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) may be recommended as a treatment option to help restore hormonal balance and alleviate symptoms. Research has shown that sleep deprivation can lead to decreased testosterone production and release, as well as disruptions in hormone regulation and metabolism. Foods like lean meats, fish, eggs, nuts, seeds, and leafy greens are all great choices for naturally boosting testosterone levels. Of interest, modeling of genetic traits between SARS-CoV-2 and the 5 other human coronaviruses to estimate Ab decline and the probability of reinfection revealed short-lived immunity of 3 months to 5 years (median 16 months) after peak Ab titer (22). The half-life of SARS-CoV-2 NAbs in COVID-19-recovered individuals is a few months, depending on disease severity (12, 13, 19). In contrast, T cell responses induced by mRNA vaccines or natural infection were not substantially affected by the variant substitutions (20). In most studies, NAb titers were lowest against the Beta (B.1.351) variant, but all variants were neutralized to a variable extent attributable to the polyclonal Ab responses induced (3, 12, 19). Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) with multiple substitutions in key Ab epitopes of the S glycoprotein may compromise immunity by partial escape from NAbs. The NCCIH Clearinghouse provides information on NCCIH and complementary and integrative health approaches, including publications and searches of Federal databases of scientific and medical literature. Other references are primarily from reputable social media accounts of experts only in the fields of health, nutrition, sports science, physiology, psychology, and physical therapy. Avoid products with proprietary blends or unclear ingredient lists. A study based on the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey showed that over 50% of the US population reported the use of supplements (7). Daniel Davis wrote, “the public are fascinated by the connections between lifestyle choices and immunity because there may be practical implications for what it takes to be healthy” (2). The concept that vaccines are the most effective means of preventing infection is well-recognized, both by public health authorities and by the public. Explore content This may explain in part why natural infection conferred a higher level of protection against S variants in some studies (10, 17). Moreover, after mRNA vaccination or natural infection, the memory B cells induced continued to evolve in germinal centers with increasing levels of somatic hypermutation and Abs of increased affinity. Additionally, a recent study demonstrated that the durability of vaccine-induced B or T cell responses in COVID-19-recovered individuals was similar to that of uninfected vaccinated individuals (14). Multiple studies have documented 5- to 10-fold-decreased serum IgG Abs within 5 to 6 months after mRNA vaccination (10, 12), but serum IgG and NAbs were detectable for 10 months in mild COVID-19 cases (13). Emerging data from nonhuman primates (NHP) and vaccinees suggest that as for most other licensed vaccines, NAbs may be a potential correlate of protection (7–9). And yet, in disease states this balance may already be broken, and therefore antioxidants may have the potential to correct excessive oxidative stress. There is no question that oxidative damage is occurring as part of neurodegenerative diseases. So, if anything, the basic science plausibility of antioxidants has increased over time. “There is no current evidence that any product or practice will contribute to enhanced “immune boosting” protection against COVID-19 . In the end, optimizing your testosterone levels is about supporting your body from multiple angles—nutrition, exercise, sleep, stress management, and smart supplementation. For men experiencing early signs of testosterone decline, these supplements can provide a much-needed edge in energy, muscle mass, libido, and mental clarity. If you’re experiencing a combination of these symptoms, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare provider and possibly get your hormone levels checked before starting any supplement. Let’s dive deep into the science, the effectiveness, and the facts surrounding best testosterone boosters in Australia and around the Globe. This creates an illusion of necessity, leading to billions of dollars spent annually on products that may offer minimal benefits.This is also true for some of the nutritional advice given (e.g., garlic, mushrooms, ginger, soups), which is either based on low-level (preclinical) scientific evidence or on traditional medicine.The supplement industry wants you to believe you can shortcut your way to peak masculinity with a handful of herbs.The Federal Trade Commission, with the FDA, is responsible for stopping any deceptive and unfair practices in commerce, including false and unsubstantiated marketing claims on dietary supplement products.She also would like to explore disseminating handouts to her patients with more accurate information in the hopes that it encourages patients to seek a medical professional for low testosterone issues.In fact, a 2020 study in the Journal of Urology found that only 24% of T-boosters reviewed had any scientific backing. Food first! Sure, some ingredients may offer short-term benefits, like a bump in libido or less brain fog. A few actually suppressed testosterone due to poor ingredient synergy, some even disrupting the HPG axis, your body’s own testosterone command centre. And it’s no wonder “testosterone booster” searches have skyrocketed. The average man today has 20–25% less testosterone than his father did at the same age. In this article, we’ll deeply dive into the science behind testosterone boosters, separating fact from fiction and uncovering the truth behind these popular supplements. Other promoted supplements included collagen (for skin and joints), detox teas, and mitochondrial health capsules — products lacking scientific consensus on their benefits. Many influencers—and even healthcare professionals—maintain financial ties with supplement companies, frequently encouraging their followers to purchase products based on questionable claims. Although Australian manufacturers of herbal and dietary weight-loss supplements are required to hold evidence of their claims, only around 20 percent of new supplement listings with the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTC) are audited annually, meaning the industry is largely unregulated. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) For instance three news webpages (no. 15, 21, and 188 in the Supplementary File 1) mention a study from the University of Vienna reporting that daily consumption of yogurt is as effective in stimulating immunity as taking probiotic pills, but we could not find a reference to that paper. Because not all websites allow access to robots, only a sample, although representative, of these webpages could be downloaded analyzed (68% of news webpages, 54% of commercial, 50% of professional, and 39% of blogs). Differential representation of approaches to boost immunity by commercial webpages (A) and news webpages (B). We asked whether commercial websites, having a financial interest, preferentially mention specific “boosts,” that is whether some of these were mentioned by commercial webpages with a higher frequency than in all other webpages in the SERP. Finally, it is important to note that none of the 185 webpages retrieved in our search had an anti-vaccine or vaccine-skeptical stance. This strategy leverages health experts’ credibility to target Gen Z consumers and millennial parents reliant on social media for health advice. For example, dietitian Steph Grasso, who has 2.2 million TikTok followers, described the WHO’s warnings as “sensationalism” based on “low-quality science”— a view I share. These myths not only deceive consumers but contribute to a growing supplement market. The mention of any product, service, or therapy is not an endorsement by NCCIH. We encourage you to discuss any decisions about treatment or care with your health care provider. I dove into the marketing claims, read the fine print, and researched the sourcing. I recently saw a hot pink ad targeting women, selling a supplement for bovine organs. The supplement industry is booming — powered by slick marketing, flashy promises, and social media trends that make everything sound like a miracle in a bottle. Better population health, sports performance, and the very reputation of the discipline may depend on it. Product Analysis One potential application is manipulating the human gut microbiota to treat or prevent diseases such as diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular disease. Models are essential tools to understand disease mechanisms and the specific molecular links that determine host–microbiota associations and interactions. Furthermore, many human diseases are complex and for some, current treatments or preventative measures are insufficient and targeting the microbiota could be a potential way to deal with some of these challenges. Most commercial websites rank quite low, while news websites tend to appear in the top 10. Among web searches, most individuals visit only the first few websites, indicating the importance of search engine ranking. It causes mostly asymptomatic, mild, or moderate symptoms, but in a significant minority, it leads to severe or critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Boosting immunity is the new watchword due to the spread of the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), across state, national and international boundaries. Nothing stated or posted on this site or available through any services are intended to be, and must not be taken to be, the practice of medical or counseling care. In the US, manufacturers are solely responsible for ensuring supplements' safety, labeling, and efficacy; the FDA only intervenes when health risks emerge. The increase in reported cases over the past two decades likely reflects both the growing use of these products and improved monitoring by healthcare professionals. The authors note that their research identified a lack of transparency regarding industry sponsorships and misleading claims about unregulated supplements. A recent report projects the vitamin and mineral supplements market will reach $58.8 billion at year's end and $99.7 billion by 2034, driven by online sales. For example, she recommends vegans take vitamin B12, typically found in animal products, and consider calcium, zinc, iron and vitamin D. Getting blood tests through a medical provider can show whether someone is clinically deficient in certain vitamins or minerals. Public health officials and policy makers should take these factors into consideration when deciding what groups should receive boosters and when. Additionally, reaching herd immunity requires equitable vaccine distribution and access worldwide. One of the most effective ways to boost testosterone levels is through regular exercise, particularly resistance and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). From regulating metabolism and energy levels to influencing mood and cognition, testosterone is a powerhouse hormone that deserves our attention and respect. Overall, testosterone is a vital hormone that plays a central role in numerous aspects of health and vitality. And yet, by contrast, antioxidants are sold to the public with dramatic health claims as if they were well established. Exploring issues and controversies in the relationship between science and medicine You are correct that when it comes to the electrolytes, amino acids, vitamins and carbohydrates that are contained in hydration multipliers, a balanced diet will provide you with all that you need. Coachjohanncscs.com only uses primary research and scholarly studies as references over secondary sites. Protein powder, creatine, and caffeine have strong evidence supporting their effectiveness. Always research the safety of any supplement, regardless of its source. Supplements can enhance your journey, but the real results come from effort, consistency, and a well-rounded approach to health and fitness. A well-documented case in 2019 involved a man who experienced vitamin D toxicity after taking doses five times the recommended daily amount for several months. The nootropics industry can find ingredients faster and with far less investment than the pharmaceutical industry. The information on this site is for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice…” “We created this data-driven approach to essentially finding the right ingredients for each individual to unlock their potential,” Freed says. Yet, there’s almost never enough evidence to characterize the effects completely or with conviction. Other nootropic components, though, have far less evidence to back up their efficacy. It should be noted, however, that when vitamins taken as supplements are suggested, the webpage would also be tagged as “supplement.” Just 36% of webpages specifically mentioned supplements (including vitamin C, flavonoids, minerals, and other agents) to boost immunity. Claims made on the labels of most dietary supplement products seem to stretch what would be considered as allowable claims, which can by statute and/or FDA regulations be made for dietary supplements.26,27 Some other claims sounded scientific but did not have any peer-reviewed publication cited. In this case series study, most of the products tested had inaccurate labels and claims that were inconsistent with requirements the US Food and Drug Administration has put forward for dietary supplements. Supporting or boosting the immune system has become an important reason for using dietary supplements, and many consumers are purchasing products through online platforms. Stress elevates the levels of the glucocorticoid cortisol which has an immunosuppressive effect. The immune response is stronger with relaxed individuals, compared to those who suffer from stress. Vaccination, conversely, which is by far the only proven method of boosting immunity against a known pathogen, is mentioned in approximately one in seven papers, but only 12% of web pages. Vitamin C, especially, has received undue credit for boosting immunity and preventing the common cold. No matter that the only proven method of increasing one’s immunity is to develop antibodies against the pathogen, either by vaccination or by getting and recovering from the infection! That’s why it’s crucial to do your research and choose reputable brands that prioritize quality and transparency in their products. Despite their potential benefits, it’s important to remember that testosterone boosters are not without risks. Overall, TRT can be a valuable tool for individuals with low testosterone levels who are experiencing symptoms such as fatigue, low libido, and muscle weakness. Additionally, long-term use of TRT may increase the risk of certain health conditions, such as cardiovascular disease and prostate cancer. While TRT can be highly effective for individuals with low testosterone levels, it’s not without risks and potential side effects. The mean price of the 17 products scoring less than 4 was approximately $25 for a 30-day supply, and the mean price for those scoring 4 or more was $31. This educational approach has been useful in helping consumers discern which products may be more safe and less risky.24,25 As noted, most products with accurate labels received a score of 4 or more when applying the OPSS Scorecard. Twenty-four products either listed no percent daily values or had daily values greater than 200% on the Supplement Facts label. Prebiotics and probiotics (7 2.2%) and various mushroom extracts (11 3.5%) were also included in some products. In the realm of supplements, the “more is better” philosophy is a common trap. “Consumers need to understand that supplements are not subject to the same rigorous testing and regulation as pharmaceuticals.” The supplement industry, a multi-billion dollar behemoth, thrives on promises of enhanced health, vitality, and performance. American adults often use dietary supplements for wellness. Herbal supplements are a type of dietary supplement containing one or more herbs. Researching products thoroughly, checking for third-party testing, and staying skeptical of exaggerated claims will also empower you to make smarter decisions. By falling into these traps, consumers not only waste money but may also jeopardize their health through overuse or reliance on ineffective products. In some cases there is firm evidence supporting their efficacy but in most cases there is little or no supporting evidence. In an attempt to turn back the hands of time, some men will turn to T boosters. After age 30, most men experience a gradual decline in testosterone, sometimes causing these features to diminish or new symptoms to occur, like erectile dysfunction.